- 1 -
第二部分 语法知识贯通
专题一 动词的时态、语态和主谓一致
题组 1 限时模拟
A 单句填空
1.[2020 广东六校联考,61]In the early period of the 17th century, Chinese tea (export) to
Europe.
2.[2020 湖北八校第一次联考,62]Children younger than 12 (allow) only to play the game for a
maximum of one hour a day, and after 9 pm, they would be banned from logging on( 登 录 ),said
Tencent.
3.[2020 河北石家庄重点高中毕业班摸底考试,61]Translated fiction sales in the United Kingdom
(rise) by 5.5 percent last year, with growing demand for Chinese titles, said Nielsen Book on
Wednesday.
4.[2020 江西南昌重点中学高三段考,62]Power walking offers many benefits. Walking at a quick pace of
4 mph (burn) around 300 calories per hour.
5.[2020 广东惠州高三第二次调研,61]I recently heard a story about a famous scientist. When he
(ask)why he was able to succeed, he gave his answer.
6.[2020 江 苏 扬 州 期 中 调 研 ,33]Now China (push) for a larger role in global economic
policy-making.
7.[2020 河南洛阳第一次联考,67]In recent years, the demand for goji has been rising and we (see)
increasing numbers of buyers from overseas.
8.[2020 河 北 辛 集 中 学 考 试 ,46]Since he became director of the Palace Museum, Shan Jixiang
(bring) many changes to the world’s largest royal complex (建筑群).
9.[2020 河南八市重点高中联考,41]For thousands of years, doctors (recognize) that childbirth
can have a big effect on a woman’s mind and body.
10.[2020 河南中原名校第二次质量考评,67]Up till now, about 40 high schools across the country
(undertake) the task of being the first group of AI high education pilot program by introducing the
textbook in the curriculum.
11.[2020 黑龙江大庆高三第一次联考,41]"Living within 300 metres of green space (associate)
with a sense of worth, greater happiness and life satisfaction," says a new study.
12.[2020 高三阶段性检测,43]This was the first time George (feel) accepted by
the people around him.
13.[2019 河北唐山高三模拟,70]The variety of hats in Britain (reflect) its multicultural
background and rich cultural heritage.
14.[2019 湖北八校第一次联考,67]Over the past centuries, the Great Wall (become) a symbol of
unity and strength for Chinese people.
15.[2019 湖 北 部 分 重 点 高 中 高 三 考 试 ,65]Those companies could pay a fine when those chips
(ship)back into the country.
16.[2019 河北高三检测,50]I’m sure once you try it, you (agree).
17.[2019 山西吕梁高三段考,45]Driving too close and braking (刹车) hard (be) the biggest causes
of road rage.
B 单句改错
18.[2020 辽宁五校协作体联考]Last term our class hold a meaningful activity which required us to form
a good habit in 100 days. - 2 -
19.[2020 四川绵阳第一次诊断性考试]As the famous saying goes, "He who has never been to the Great Wall
not a true man."
20.[2020 贵州贵阳高三摸底考试]A monthly activity is holding for students to exchange their ideas
about reading.
21.[2020 广东考试]Long time no see! It has been almost a year ever since you move to
London.
22.[2020 考试]I think, the study of this novel open the way to Chinese values and
history, from which you will get a better understanding of Chinese culture.
23.[2020 河南八市重点高中联考]Last but not least, how can I guarantee that the money raised will
be sent to the students who really needs it?
24.[2020 河南三门峡高三考试]The situation is even more worse in the least developed countries —
only one tenth of the people has regular access to the Internet.
25.[2020 吉林长春东第一次摸底考试]It is no wonder that you have made such great progress
in your English study because you had always been working hard.
26.[2020 四川遂宁高三毕业班联考]First, I always obey the traffic rules and I never ran the red
light.
27.[2020 广东佛山七校联考]Then I thought of the taxi booking app my friend has recommended and I
booked a taxi through my cellphone.
28.[2019 河南中原名校第一次质量考评]So far, man’s control over rain had never stopped.
29.[2019 河北高三期中]The wind passed and the sea was calmed down again.
30.[2019 湖 南 株 洲 高 三 期 中 ]On New Year’s Eve, each family have its members gather
together.
题组 2 精选真题
A 单句填空
1.[2019 全国Ⅱ,64]Picking up her "Lifetime Achievement" award, proud Irene (declare) she had
no plans...Irene said...
2.[2019 浙江 6 月,62]One study in America found that students’ grades (improve) a little after
the school introduced uniforms.
3.[2019 北京,1]On the first day of my first grade...I (voice) my biggest concern to my
mother, "How will I make friends?"
4.[2019 江苏,29]A few months after he had arrived in China, Mr. Smith (fall)in love with the
people and culture there.
5.[2019 江苏,22]The musician along with his band members (give)ten performances in the last
three months.
6.[2019 全国Ⅲ,69]On the last day of our week-long stay, we (invite) to attend a private
concert...
7.[2019 天津,8]Amy, as well as her brothers, (give)a warm welcome when returning to the village
last week.
8.[2018 全国Ⅰ,64]While running regularly can’t make you live forever, the review says it (be)
more effective at lengthening life...
9.[2018 全国Ⅱ,68]The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005 — when the government
(start) a soil-testing program... — and 2011,fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.
10.[2018 全国Ⅱ,61]Since 2011, the country (grow) more corn than rice.
11.[2018 北京,7]China’s high-speed railways (grow)from 9,000 to 25,000 kilometers in the past
few years. - 3 -
12.[2018 江 苏 ,31]Hopefully in 2025 we will no longer be e-mailing each other, for we
(develop)more convenient electronic communication tools by then.
13.[2018 北京,9]A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who (trap) in the mountains
for two days.
14.[2018 天津,13]My washing machine (repair)this week, so I have to wash my clothes by
hand.
15.[2018 浙江 6 月,60]...and I (shock) when I learnt she hadn’t cooked once in all that
time.
16.[2017 甲卷(全国Ⅱ),68]Later, engineers (manage) to construct railways in a system of deep
tunnels (隧道), which became known as the Tube.
17.[2017 丙卷(全国Ⅲ),69]My dad thinks I should take the offer now. But at the moment, school
(come) first.
18.[2017 浙江 6 月,62]Pahlsson and her husband (search) the kitchen, checking every corner, but
turned up nothing.
19.[2017 北京,33]People have better access to health care than they used to, and they (live)
longer now as a result.
20.[2017 乙卷(全国Ⅰ),64]When fat and salt (remove) from food, the food tastes as if it is
missing something.
21.[2017 甲卷(全国Ⅱ),65]Steam engines (use) to pull the carriages...
22.[2017 北京,29]In the 1950s in the USA, most families had just one phone at home, and wireless phones
(invent) yet.
23.[2017 江苏,27]He hurried home, never once looking back to see if he (follow).
24.[2017 天津,6]Nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and swimming, (regard) as one of the best
all-round forms of exercise.
25.[2017 江苏,24]The publication of Great Expectations, which (be) both widely reviewed and
highly praised, strengthened Dickens’ status as a leading novelist.
26.[2016 浙江 6 月,9]Silk (become) one of the primary goods traded along the Silk Road by about
100 BC.
27.[2016 乙卷(全国Ⅰ),62]So it was a great honour...I (allow) to get up close to these cute
animals at the 600-acre centre.
28.[2016 北 京 ,30]The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts
(reward) with success in the end.
29.[2016 丙卷(全国Ⅲ),62]Truly elegant chopsticks might (make) of gold and silver with Chinese
characters.
30.[2016 甲卷(全国Ⅱ),63]If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work, you should take a step
back...Leaving the less important things until tomorrow (be) often acceptable.
31.[2016 丙卷(全国Ⅲ),69]Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and (be)
too violent for use at the table.
32.[2015 新课标全国Ⅰ,61]It was raining lightly when I (arrive) in Yangshuo just before
dawn.
33.[2015 天津,6]Jane can’t attend the meeting at 3 o’clock this afternoon because she (teach)
a class at that time. - 4 -
34.[2015 湖南,28]He must have sensed that I (look)at him. He suddenly glanced at me and said
quietly, "Why are you staring at me like that?"
35.[2015 陕西,22]Marty (work) really hard on his book and he thinks he’ll have finished it
by Friday.
36.[2015 湖南,22]As you go through this book, you (find) that each of the millions of people
who lived through World War Ⅱ had a different experience.
B 单句改错
37.[2019 全国Ⅲ改错]Now my dream is to...Though it may appear simple, it required a lot of ideas
and efforts.
38.[2018 全国Ⅰ改错]During my last winter holiday, I went...I find a big change there.
39.[2018 全国Ⅲ改错]It was Monday morning, and the writing class had just begin.
40.[2018 全 国 Ⅲ 改 错 ]The classroom is a place for learning and that include learning from
textbooks, and mistakes as well.
41.[2017 乙卷(全国Ⅰ)改错]... once I started the car, my mind goes blank.
42.[2017 甲卷(全国Ⅱ)改错]When summer came, they will invite their students to pick the fresh
vegetables!
43.[2017 丙卷(全国Ⅲ)改错]I had grown not only physically, but also mentally in the past few
years.
44.[2017 丙卷(全国Ⅲ)改错]About one month after this photo was took, I entered my second year of high
school and became a new member of the school music club.
45.[2016 乙卷(全国Ⅰ)改错]It is always crowded with customers at meal times. Some people even had
to wait outside.
46.[2016 丙卷(全国Ⅲ)改错]They always tell me what to do and how to do it. At one time, I even felt
my parents couldn’t understand me...
47.[2015 新课标全国Ⅰ改错]When I was a child, I hoped to live in the city. I think I would be happy
there.
48.[2015 新课标全国Ⅱ改错]Tony was scared and begun to cry.
A 专项语篇型填空(动词的时态、语态和主谓一致)
There 1 (be) a new modern art exhibition downtown for the last three days, which 2 (close)
this coming Sunday. Having got two tickets for it, I 3 (consider) inviting my friend Tony to go
along with me. I know that he 4 (finish) his paper by Sunday and can afford the time.
He once 5 (tell) me that he liked modern art, so I think he will be interested in this exhibition.
Just this morning, when I entered my office, my colleagues 6 (talk) about it, and some of them
said they 7 (go) to see it already. The exhibition 8 (hold) in ten more big cities in America
after it goes to San Francisco next week.
I’ve just called Tony and he has agreed to go with me, saying that he 9 (look) forward to
going to an exhibition for months. I will call for him this Sunday. I’ll go home for lunch now,
as I 10 (starve).
B 语法填空- 5 -
[2020 湖北黄冈高三检测]Honeybee populations in the United States 1 (decrease) dramatically
over the decades. And a new study suggests that a certain kind of pesticide could be making things
2 (bad).
The number of honeybees hasn’t changed much over the past few years, but the overall picture
doesn’t look good for an insect that plays 3 important role in our food supply. Scientists
don’t know for sure 4 this is happening. Pesticides and parasites (寄生虫)are the most suspected
reasons, according to a study recently published in a scientific journal. One suggests that
neonicotinoids, types of pesticides that 5 (use) around the world, are incredibly poisonous to
honeybees and other insects. Part of the reason for that is that these pesticides appear 6 (stick)
around in the environment and stay dangerous for a long period of time.
Though they’re deadly to insects, neonicotinoids are not considered dangerous to humans. An
ongoing challenge 7 farmers is finding ways to keep other insects away while 8 (protect)bees.
Pesticides may not discriminate the insects they kill, though neonicotinoid makers say the risk
to bees is lower when they are used properly. The U.S. Department of Agriculture says it’s 9
(likely) that there’s one magic 10 (solve) to the problem, but there are a number of organizations
trying to help honeybees.
C 短文改错
[2020 湖 南 高 三 六 校 联 考 ]Ten years ago, my hometown is a small and poor city with few
factories. And the citizens had few choice on transportation. However, nowadays my hometown has taken
on brand new look with the rapid development of culture and economy. The citizens’ living conditions
have been greatly improve and their lifestyles are different from in the past. Shop online has become
popular. When they comes to transportation, private cars have become a common way of traveling beside
public transportation. The best change is which all the people are living a hopeful life with
confident.
题组 1 限时模拟
A 单句填空
1.was exported 根据时间状语"In the early period of the 17th century"可知,此处应用一般过去时;分析句
子结构可知,export 和 Chinese tea 构成被动关系,故填 was exported。
2.wouldbeallowed 根据语境并分析句子结构可知,allow 是所在分句的谓语,和所在分句的主语构成被动关系;
又根据第二个分句中的"would be banned"可知,此处应用过去将来时,所以填 would be allowed。
3.rose 根据空后的"last year"可知,此处描述的是发生在过去的事情,应用一般过去时,故填 rose。
4.burns Walking at a quick pace of 4 mph 是动词-ing 短语作主语,谓语动词要用单数形式;本句陈述的是客
观情况,所以用一般现在时,故填 burns。
【知识储备】 单个的动词-ing(短语)、不定式(短语)以及从句作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数。
5.was asked 根据该句中的"he gave his answer"可知,他是被别人提问的,应用被动语态;此处叙述的是过去发
生的事,要用一般过去时;且主语为 he, 故填 was asked。- 6 -
6.is pushing 句意:中国正在争取在全球经济决策中发挥更大作用。由句意及 Now 可知,应用现在进行时,填 is
pushing。
7.have seen 根据该句中的时间状语"In recent years"并结合题意可知,此处应用现在完成时,且主语为 we,故
填 have seen。
8.has brought 句意:自成为故宫博物院院长以来,单霁翔给这个世界上最大的皇家建筑群带来了许多变化。
since 引导的时间状语从句用了一般过去时,对应的主句应用现在完成时,且主语为第三人称单数,故填 has
brought。
9.have recognized 根据句意及时间状语 For thousands of years 可知,此处应使用现在完成时,且主语为
doctors,故填 have recognized。
10.have undertaken 根据 Up till now(到目前为止)可判断句子应用现在完成时,主语 about 40 high schools
是复数,故填 have undertaken。
11.is associated be associated with sth."与……联系在一起"为固定短语,且此处描述客观事实,应用一般
现在时;主语为 Living...space,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式,故填 is associated。
12.had felt 句意:这是乔治第一次感受到被周围的人认可。This was the first time that...句型中,that
从句应使用过去完成时。故填 had felt。
13.reflects 句意:英国帽子种类之多反映了其多元文化背景和丰富的文化遗产。此处叙述的是客观情况,应
用一般现在时;主语部分为"The variety of+可数名词复数",中心词为 variety,谓语动词应用单数形式。
14.has become 句意:历经数个世纪,长城已经成为中国人民团结和力量的象征。根据该句中的"Over the past
centuries"可知,该处应用现在完成时;该句主语"the Great Wall"为单数形式,故谓语动词用第三人称单数形式,
故填 has become。
15.are shipped 句意:当那些芯片被运送回国的时候,那些公司可能就要支付罚款。根据句意可知,主句中的情
态动词 could 不是表示过去,而是表示一种语气,因此本空所在的时间状语从句描述的是将来的动作,应用一般
现在时表将来;chips 与 ship 为动宾关系,故此处应用一般现在时的被动语态。
16.will agree 句意:我确信一旦你试过,你就会同意。此处 sure 的宾语为含有时间状语从句的复合句,且遵循
"主将从现"的原则,故此处应用一般将来时。
17.are 句意:开车离得太近和急刹车是公路暴怒的最主要原因。"Driving too close"与"braking (刹车)
hard"并列作句子的主语,谓语动词应用复数形式;句子描述的是一般事实,故应用一般现在时。故填 are。
B 单句改错
18.hold→held 根据时间状语"Last term"可知,此处叙述的是过去发生的事情,应用一般过去时。
19.not 前加 is 分析句子结构可知,"who has never been to the Great Wall"为定语从句,He 为主句的主语,主句
缺少谓语动词,且此处表示"不到长城非好汉",为谚语,故在 not 前加 is。
20.holding→held A monthly activity"每月的活动"是"被举行"的,应用被动语态,故将 holding 改为 held。
21.move→moved 句意:好久不见!你搬去伦敦已经差不多一年了。since 引导的时间状语从句用一般过去时,对
应的主句用现在完成时。故将 move 改为 moved。
22.open→opens think 后宾语从句的主语是 the study of this novel,表示单数意义,谓语动词也要用单数,本
句时态为一般现在时,故将 open 改成 opens。
23.needs→need 此处先行词是 students,关系词 who 在定语从句中作主语,定语从句的谓语动词应与先行词
在人称和数上保持一致。故将 needs 改为 need。
24.has→have 当"分数/百分数+of+名词"作主语时,如果其中的名词是可数名词复数,谓语动词用复数形式;如
果其中的名词是不可数名词或可数名词单数,谓语动词用单数形式。本句中 people 表示复数概念,谓语动词要
用复数形式。故把 has 改为 have。
25.had→have 根据"It is no wonder that you have made such great progress in your English study"
及句意可知,此处应用现在完成进行时,表示一直以来持续发生的动作。故把 had 改成 have。
26.ran→run 句意:首先,我总是遵守交通规则,从不闯红灯。此处指经常性的动作,所以句子用一般现在时,故把
ran 改成 run。
27.has→had 根据主句中的谓语动词"thought"可知,此处要用过去完成时,表示"过去的过去",故将 has 改为
had。
28.had→has 根据时间状语 So far 可知,此处应用现在完成时;主语 control 为不可数名词,故谓语动词应用单
数形式 has。
29.去掉 was 此处 the sea 与 calm down 为主谓关系,表示"大海平静下来",是一种拟人的手法,应用主动语态。
30.have→has family 在此表示"家庭",强调整体概念,且其前有 each 修饰,故其后的谓语动词应用第三人称
单数形式。
题组 2 精选真题
A 单句填空
1.declared 根据"said"可知,此处陈述过去发生的事,应用一般过去时,故填 declared。
2.improved 分析句子结构可知,found 后是 that 引导的宾语从句,且从句中缺少谓语动词,同时,根据主句谓语
动词 found 和宾语从句中的 after the school introduced 可知,此处应用一般过去时,故填 improved。- 7 -
3.voiced 根据时间状语"On the first day of my first grade"可知,此处叙述的是一年级第一天发生的事,所以
应该用一般过去时。
4.fell 句意:史密斯先生到中国几个月后,爱上了那里的人和文化。这里描述过去发生的事情,应用一般过去时。
注意 fall 为不规则变化动词,过去式为 fell。
5.has given 句意:这位音乐家和他的乐队成员在过去的三个月里进行了 10 场表演。根据时间状语 in the
last three months 可知,句子应用现在完成时;along with 连接两个名词作主语时,谓语动词应与 along with 前
的名词在人称和数上保持一致,故填 has given。
6.were invited 分析句子结构可知,invite 与主语 we 为动宾关系,且根据时间状语"On the last day of our
week-long stay"可知,此处是在叙述过去的情况,故用一般过去时的被动语态。主语为 we,故填 were invited。
7.was given 句意:上周埃米和她的兄弟们回到村庄时受到了热烈的欢迎。根据时间状语 last week 可知,应用
一般过去时;此处表示"受到了热烈的欢迎",应用被动语态;aswellas 连接两个并列成分作主语时,谓语动词应与
as well as 前的成分在人称和数上保持一致,故此处应用单数形式。
8.is 此处是对客观情况的描述,应用一般现在时;分析句子结构可知,says 后的宾语从句缺少谓语动词,又因主
语是 it,故填 is。
9.started 分析句子结构可知,空处在 when 引导的定语从句中作谓语,由前面的 2005 可知,应用一般过去时,
填 started。
10.has grown 由句中的时间状语 Since 2011 可知,此空应用现在完成时。
11.have grown 句意:在过去的几年中,中国的高速铁路已经从 9 000 千米增加到 25 000 千米。根据句中的时
间状语"in the past few years"可知,此处应用现在完成时。
12.will have developed 句意:2025 年,我们有望不再互相发电子邮件,因为到那时我们将已经开发更加便利的
电子通讯工具。根据句中的时间状语 in 2025 与 by then 可知,空处应用将来完成时。
13.had been trapped 句意:一名救援人员冒着生命危险救出了两名被困在山里两天的游客。分析句子结构可
知,空处在定语从句中作谓语,且 trap 与先行词 tourists 之间为动宾关系,此处应用被动语态;又因为此处表示
在过去动作 risked his life 之前完成的动作,即"过去的过去",所以用过去完成时的被动语态。
14.is being repaired 句意:这个星期我的洗衣机在维修,因此我不得不用手洗衣服。语境表示现阶段正在进
行的动作,而且 washing machine 与 repair 为动宾关系,故此处应用现在进行时的被动语态。
15.was shocked 根据语境可知,此处表示"我很震惊",shock 与主语Ⅰ为被动关系,同时根据后面的 learnt 可
知,时态为一般过去时,所以填 was shocked。
16.managed 因为 engineers 与 manage 之间为主谓关系,而且是发生在过去的事情,所以填 managed。
17.comes 结合上句可知,此处应用一般现在时,且 school 是第三人称单数,故填 comes。
【易错点拨】 动词如果使用一般现在时,要注意主语是不是第三人称单数。此题容易误填 come。
18.searched 结合后面的"turned up"及语境可知,此处应用一般过去时表示发生在过去的动作,故填
searched。
19.areliving 句意:人们现在的医疗保健比过去更便捷,所以现在人们更长寿。根据题干中的时间状语 now 并
结合语境可判断,这里应用现在进行时,叙述当前的情况。
20.are removed 结合句中的"tastes"可知应用一般现在时;fat and salt 是动词 remove 的承受者,应用被动语
态。所以此处填 are removed。
21.were used 结合常识可知,蒸汽机是过去的东西,而且 Steam engines 与 use 之间为被动关系,故用一般过去
时的被动语态。故填 were used。
22.hadn’t been invented 句意:20 世纪 50 年代,美国大多数家庭只有一部电话,那时无线电话还没有被发明
出来。根据句意以及句中的关键词"In the 1950s"和 yet 可知,空处用过去完成时;且 wireless phones 是动词
invent 的承受者,所以此处用过去完成时的被动语态。
23.was being followed 句意:他匆匆回家,一次也没有回头看看是否正被跟踪。根据"hurried"及句意可知,本
题应该用过去进行时的被动语态。
【易错点拨】 本题易误填 had been followed,错误的原因是没有弄清楚动作的先后顺序。had been followed
是过去完成时的被动语态,但语境表明,跟踪的动作并未早于主句的动作发生,因此不能填 had been followed。
24.is regarded 句意:如今,与慢跑和游泳一样,骑自行车被看作最好的全面运动形式之一。本句谓语与主语之
间是被动关系,表示"被看作",应该用被动语态;句子主语部分是 A along with B 结构,因此谓语动词应在人称和
数上与 A 保持一致,即用单数形式。再由 Nowadays 可知应用一般现在时,故 is regarded。
25.was 分析句子结构可知,which 指代 Great Expectations 这本书, 故定语从句中的谓语动词应用单数形式;
根据句中的 strengthened 可知,应用一般过去时。故填 was。
26.had become 句意:到大约公元前 100 年,丝绸已经成为丝绸之路上主要的交易商品之一。根据句意及"by
about 100 BC"可知,become 的动作发生在过去的过去,故用过去完成时。
27.was allowed 分析句子结构可知,主语 I 与动词 allow 之间存在被动关系,故应用被动语态;且前一句的
"was"表明此处应用一般过去时,故填 was allowed。- 8 -
28.will be rewarded 句意:学生们一直在努力学习功课,他们的努力最终会获得成功。语境说学生一直在努力
学习(have been working hard), 由此可知本空描述的是将来的动作, 应该用一般将来时;reward 与 their
efforts 之间为动宾关系,因此这里应用一般将来时的被动语态。
29.be made 此处指真正雅致的筷子可能是由金和银做成的。make 与句子主语 Truly elegant chopsticks 之
间是动宾关系,又由空前的"might"可知,此处应填 be made。
30.is 此处是说把不太重要的事情留到明天通常是可以接受的。分析句子结构可知,该句的主语为动名词短语
"Leaving the less important things until tomorrow",故谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式,再结合前面的
"feel stressed"可知,此处叙述的是客观情况,应用一般现在时。故填 is。
31.were 根据句中的"believed"可知,此处应用一般过去时;believed 后的宾语从句的主语为 knives,谓语动
词应用复数。故填 were。
32.arrived 主句为过去进行时,因此 when 引导的时间状语从句应用一般过去时,故填 arrived。
33.will be teaching 句意:今天下午三点简不能出席会议,因为那时她将正在上课。由时间状语"at 3 o’clock
this afternoon"和"at that time"可知,空处表示的是将来某个时刻正在进行的动作,故用将来进行时。
34.was looking 句意:他一定感觉到了我正在看着他。他突然瞥了我一眼,轻轻地说:"你为什么那样盯着
我?"must have done 表示对过去事情的肯定推测,that 引导的宾语从句应用过去时态。由句意可知,此处应用过
去进行时。
35.has been working 句意:Marty 一直在非常努力地写自己的书,他认为他在周五前会完成它。根据句中的"by
Friday"可知,work 这个动作从过去一直持续到现在,并将继续下去,所以要用现在完成进行时。
36.will find 句意:当你阅读这本书时,你将会发现经历过第二次世界大战的数百万人中的每个人都有着不同
的经历。"As you go through this book"是时间状语从句,从句用的是一般现在时,主句表示将来的动作,应用一
般将来时。
B 单句改错
37.required→requires 由"Now my dream is to"可知,此处描述的是一般事实,应用一般现在时,required 存
在错误,主语是 it,故谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。
38.find→found 根据时间状语"During my last winter holiday"可知,此处讲述的是去年寒假的事情,应用一
般过去时,故把 find 改为 found。
39.begin→begun 根据语境可知,此处应用过去完成时,故将 begin 改为 begun。
40.include→includes 该句为一般现在时,且此处主语为 that,故谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
41.goes→went 结合句中的"started"可知,此处应用一般过去时,故把 goes 改为 went。
42.came→comes 因为主句为一般将来时,所以时间状语从句应用一般现在时表将来。
43.had→have 由时间状语"in the past few years"可知,此处强调的是发生在过去的动作对现在的影响,故应
用现在完成时。
44.took→taken photo 与 take 为动宾关系,故应用被动语态。take 的过去分词是 taken。
45.had→have 结合上句的"is"可知,此处叙述的是现在的一种普遍现象, 所以应将 had 改为 have。
46.tell→told 结合"felt"可知,此处叙述的是过去发生的事情,应用一般过去时,故把 tell 改为 told。
47.think→thought 此处叙述的是过去的事情,因此应用一般过去时,故把 think 改为 thought。
48.begun→began 这里叙述过去发生的事情,应用一般过去时,故把 begun 改为 began。
A 专项语篇型填空(动词的时态、语态和主谓一致)
本文讲述了作者准备邀请好友一起去看一个展览的事情。
1.has been 考查现在完成时。句中的时间状语"for the last three days"是现在完成时的标志,故填 has been。
2.will/is going to close; is closing 考查一般将来时或现在进行时表将来。根据时间状语"this coming
Sunday"可知这里用一般将来时,或用现在进行时表示将来。
3.am considering 考查现在进行时。从语境看,作者买了票,现在正在考虑邀请托尼去看展览,因此用现在进行
时表示当前正在进行的动作。
4.will have finished 考查将来完成时。句中的时间状语表明这里说的是对持续到将来的某种情况的推测,用
将来完成时。等到星期天的时候,他的论文就已经完成了。
5.told 考查一般过去时。根据句中的状语 once 判断,此处应用一般过去时,表示过去的动作。
6.were talking 考查过去进行时。语境表示"当我进办公室时,我的同事们正在谈论这个展览",应该用过去进行
时表示过去某个时候正在进行的动作。
7.had gone 考查过去完成时。主句使用了一般过去时,此时宾语从句的时态与主句呼应,用过去完成时,表示在过
去某一时刻之前已经发生的动作。
8.will be held 考查一般将来时的被动语态。此处叙述的是将来的事情,应用一般将来时,且主语与 hold 之间
是被动关系,应用一般将来时的被动语态。
9.has been looking 考查现在完成进行时。时间状语 for months 表明这里要用现在完成进行时表示较长时
间里一直在做某事。
10.am starving 考查现在进行时。这里表示作者此时很饿,用现在进行时表示当前正在发生的动作。- 9 -
B 语法填空
几十年来,美国蜜蜂的数量一直在大幅减少。一项新的研究表明,某种杀虫剂可能会令情况进一步恶化。
1.have decreased/have been decreasing 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。时间状语 over the decades 常与完
成时连用;再结合语境可知,该句应用现在完成时或现在完成进行时;由该句主语 Honeybee populations 可知,谓
语动词应用复数形式,故填 have decreased 或 have been decreasing。
2.worse 考查形容词的比较级。上文提到几十年来,美国蜜蜂的数量一直在大幅减少,此处表示某种杀虫剂可
能会使情况变得更糟。故填 worse。
3.an 考查冠词。play a role in…意为"在……中起作用",role 是可数名词,其定语 important 的发音以元音
音素开头,故填 an。
4.why 考查宾语从句。分析句子结构可知,空处引导宾语从句,作 know 的宾语;根据语境可知,此处表示科学家
不能确定这一情况发生的原因。空处在从句中作原因状语,故填 why。
5.are used 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知,空前的关系代词 that 指代先行词
pesticides,在从句中作主语,故从句的谓语动词用复数形式;此处描述的为客观情况,应用一般现在时;use 与
pesticides 是被动关系,应用被动语态。故填 are used。
6.to stick 考查动词不定式。appear to do sth.是固定用法,意为"似乎做某事"。此处表示这些杀虫剂似乎
会在环境中滞留。
7.for 考查介词。此处表示对农民来说一项持续存在的挑战。故填 for。
8.protecting 考查现在分词。此处表示"在保护蜜蜂的同时使其他昆虫远离",现在分词短语 protecting bees
作时间状语,while 表示强调,protecting 的逻辑主语与不定式 to keep...的逻辑主语一致。
9.unlikely 考查词形转换。根据该句中的"but there are a number of organizations trying to help
honeybees"可知,美国农业部表示,不太可能有一个神奇的解决方案。故填 unlikely。
10.solution 考查名词。空前的 magic 是形容词,且 magic 前又有数词 one,故此处应用名词单数形式
solution。
C 短文改错
与十年前相比,作者的家乡发生了喜人的变化。
1.is→was 考查时态。根据句中的时间状语 Ten years ago 可知,此处应用一般过去时。
2.choice→choices 考查名词的单复数。choice"选择"为可数名词,根据句中的 few 可知,此处应用名词的复
数形式。
3.brand 前加 a 考查冠词。句中的 look 表示"样子",为可数名词,此处表示泛指,且 brand 的发音以辅音音素开
头,故在 brand 前加 a。
4.improve→improved 考查语态。句子的主语"The citizens’ living conditions"与动词 improve 是被动
关系,此处应用现在完成时的被动语态。
5.删除 from 后的 in 考查介词。本句中的 the past 作介词 from 的宾语,in 多余,故删除。
6.Shop→Shopping 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,此处为动词-ing 短语作主语,故把 Shop 改为
Shopping。
7.they→it 考查代词。when it comes to sth./doing sth.是固定句式,表示"当涉及某事(或做某事)时"。
8.beside→besides 考查介词。由句意可知,此处表示除了公共交通之外,私家车已成为一种常见的旅行方式。
besides 表示"除……之外"。beside 意为"在旁边",不符合语境。
9.which→that 考查名词性从句。分析句子结构可知,此处引导表语从句,从句中不缺少任何成分且意思完整,
故用 that 引导。that 引导表语从句时常不可省略。
10.confident→confidence 考查词形转换。此处位于介词 with 之后,应用名词形式。with confidence 表示
"满怀信心地"。
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