（一）单词
1. _______ v. 期待；希望
→ _________ adj. 意料中的
__________ adj. 出乎意料的
2. _________ n. 背包
3. ________ v. 睡过头；睡太久
→_________ adj. 瞌睡的
4. _______ n. 工人
5. _______ v. 盯着看；凝视
6. _______ prep. 在……上面
→ _____ prep. 在……下面
expect
expected
unexpected
backpack
oversleep
sleepy
worker
stare
above
below
7. _______ v. 认为；相信
→ _________ n. 相信；信任
_________ n. 怀疑
8. _______ v. 着火；燃烧
9. ______ adj. 活着；有生气的
→______ adj. 生动的
10. _______ n. 机场
11. _____ prep. & conj. 到；直到
12. ________ n. 市场；集市
believe
belief
disbelief
burn
alive
lively
airport
till
market
13. ______ adv. 向西；朝西
adj. 向西的 n. 西方
14. ______ n. 傻瓜 v. 愚弄
15. ____________ adj. 窘迫的
→____________ adj. 瞌睡的
______________ n. 尴尬
16. _______ v. 取消
17. _______ n. 官员；军官
18. _________ v. 消失
→ _______ v. 出现
west
fool
embarrassed
embarrassing
embarrassment
cancel
officer
disappear
appear
19. _______ n. 底部
→ ______ n. 顶部
20. ______ adj. 丑的
21. _________ n. 优点
→____________ n. 缺点
22. _______ v. & n. 花费
23. _______ adj. 塑料的 n.塑料
_______ adj. 木制的
24. _________ n. 外带食物
25. ______ adj. 残忍的
bottom
top
ugly
advantage
disadvantage
cost
plastic
wooden
takeaway
cruel
26. _______ adj. 有害的
→ _______ n. 害处
27. ________ n. 工业；行业
28. _______ n. 法律
→_______ n. 律师
29. ________ adj. 科学的
→ _______ n. 科学
30. _______ v. 买得起
31. _____________ n. 交通运输
32. _______ v. 回收利用
harmful
harm
industry
law
lawyer
scientific
science
afford
transportation
recycle
33. _______ n. 门
34. _______ n. 瓶子
35. __________ n. 主席；总统
36. n. ______ work
37. _______ n. 金属
38. _______ n. 调查
39. ________ n. 标准；水平
40. _______ n. 方法；措施
41. __________ n. 指示；命令
gate
bottle
president
作品
metal
survey
standard
method
instruction
42. _______ modal v. 期待；希望
43. _________ v. 克服；战胜
44. _________ v. 毕业
→___________ n. 毕业
45. ________ n. 体贴人的
46. ________ v. 高级别的
→_______ adj. 初级的
47. ______ n. 文本；课文
48. ______ n. 水平
49. _______ n. 在……上面
shall
overcome
graduate
graduation
caring
senior
junior
text
level
degree
50. ________ n. 经理
51. __________ n. 先生；绅士
52. ___________ v. 毕业
→_____________ n. 毕业
53. ________ adj. 口渴的；渴望的
54. _________ adj. 感激的
55._______ n. 任务；工作
56. ______ adv. 向前面
57. ________ v. 分离；分开
58. ______ n. 翅膀
manager
gentleman
congratulate
congratulation
thirsty
thankful
task
ahead
separate
wing
1. ________________ 商业学位
2. ____________ 空气污染
3. ____________ 在……顶部或顶端
4. ______________ 对……有害
5. __________ 信任；信赖
6. ___________________
对……有责任；负责任
7. _________________ 对某人心存感激
（二）短语
a business degree
air pollution
at the top of ...
be harmful to ...
believe in
be responsible for ...
be thankful to sb.
8. ___________ 渴望；渴求
9. __________ 恢复；使想起；归还
10. ______________ 用……建造……
11. ____________ 在(某时间点)以前
12. ___________ 在……以前
13. _________________ 能负担得起做某事
14. ____________________ 为某事祝贺某人
15. _____________ 化装舞会
16. ______________________ 环境保护
be thirsty for
bring back
build ... out of ...
by the end of
by the time ...
can afford to do sth.
congratulate sb. on sth.
costume party
environmental protection
17. _________ 首先
18. __________ 捎……一程
19. _________ (时间) 逝去；过去
20. ________________ 指导某人做某事
21. ___________ 连续几次地
22. _____________ (与……)成一排
23. _______________ 沉住气；保持冷静
24. _____________ 土地污染
25. __________ 动身去某地
26. ___________ 回首(往事)；回忆；回顾
first of all
give ... a lift
go by
guide sb. to do sth
in a row
in line with
keep one’s cool
land pollution
leave for
look back at
27. __________ 减肥
28. ______________ 弄得一团糟
29. __________________ 达到某人的标准
30. __________________ 早读
31. ______________ 噪音污染
32. ___________ 付费；付出代价
33. ______________ 公共交通
34. ___________ 拆下；摧毁
35. ________ 穿上
36. __________________ 好好利用某物
lose weight
make a mess
meet one’s standards
morning readings
noise pollution
pay for
public transportation
pull ... down
put on
put sth. to good use
37. _______________ 冲出门外
38. ________________ 科学研究
39. _________ 卖光
40. _________________ 高中
41. ____________ 分离；隔开
42. ________ 出发；启程
43. _________ 赶到；露面
44. __________ 盯着；凝视
45. ____________ 采取行动
46. _____________ 外卖食物
rush out the door
scientific studies
sell out
senior high school
separate from
set out
show up
stare at
take action
takeaway food
47. ____________参加
48. _______________ 教学方法
49. _____________食物链
50. __________ 扔掉；抛弃
51. ___________ 转身；掉头
52. _________ 关掉
53. ___________ 上下颠倒；倒转
take part in
teaching methods
the food chain
throw away
turn around
turn off
upside down
1.By the time I ..., ... had done ...
当我……时，……已经……了。
2. sb. is about to do sth. when ...
某人正要做某事，这时……
3. sb. never fails to do sth.
某人总能做某事。
4. The number of ... has fallen by ... percent.
……的数量已经下降了百分之……
（三）句型
5. Not only can ..., but it also can ...
……不仅能……，而且也能……
6. ... no matter how + adj. + 主语 + 系动词
……不管……多么……
7. sb. take(s) time to do sth.
某人花费时间做某事。
8. Thank you for (doing) sth.
因为(做)某事而感谢你。
9. There + be + sb. / sth. doing sth.
有某人 / 某物在做某事。
1. cost
【归纳】
v. 花费；使付出
指花费金钱，主语通常是物。cost的过
去式和过去分词均为cost。
（一）单词
【拓展】take, spend, pay & cost
take，spend，pay和cost都可以表示“花
费”，但用法各有不同。
take多表示花费时间，常用于it takes sb.
some time to do sth.这一句型中，其中it作
形式主语。
spend多表示花费时间和金钱，主语通常是
人，常用于sb. spend(s) some time / money
on sth.和sb. spend(s) some time / money
(in) doing sth.两种句型。
pay多表示花费金钱，主语通常是人，
常用于sb. pay(s) some money for sth.句
型。
cost多表示花费金钱，主语通常是物，
常用于sth. cost(s) (sb.) some money.句
型。
【运用】根据句意用take, spend, pay或
cost的适当形式填空。
1. That new car ________ them lots of
money.
2. Mona __________ 50 yuan on the books
just now.
3. It usually _______ me an hour to do
my homework.
cost
spent
takes
4. You should __________ some time
practising your pronunciation.
5. My brother _______ 3,000 yuan for the
new computer yesterday.
spend
paid
2. afford
【归纳】
v. 承担得起; 提供, 给予
afford to do sth. (常与can, be able to连
用) 买得起; 有足够的……
3. excitement
n. 兴奋
【拓展】
excite v. 激动，兴奋
excited adj. 兴奋的
exciting adj. 令人兴奋的
4. remember
【拓展】
remember doing sth.
意为“记得做过某事”，表示动作已
经发生
remember to do sth.
意为“记着去做某事”，表示动作尚
未发生
根据句意及括号内所给动词的提示填
空。
1. Remember ________ (call) us when you
get there.
2. I remember ________ (tell) you about it
last week.
to call
telling
1. not only…, but also…
【归纳】
用于连接两个表示并列关系的成分，
着重强调后者，其意为“不仅……而
且……”; 其中的also有时可以省略。
若连接两个成分作主语，其谓语通常
与靠近的主语保持一致。
not only放在句首, 后接句子时要用倒
装结构。
（二）短语
2. turn off 关掉
【拓展】turn相关短语
turn around 转身
turn up 调高(音量) turn down 调低; 拒绝
turn into 变成; 进入
turn on 打开, 发动 turn off 关掉, 关闭
turn out to be 结果是
turn over 移交
1. be about to do sth.
意为“就要 / 正要做某事”，表达的是
最近的将来，侧重于表示动作马上就要
发生。如：
Be quiet, please. The meeting is about to
begin.
（三）句式
【运用】汉译英。
当他进来的时候，珍妮正要离开。
Jenny ______ ______ _______ ______
when he came in.
was about to leave
一、构成
助动词had+动词的过去分词
二、用法
1. 表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发
生或完成了的动作或状态。如：
I forgot to tell you that I had not
read this novel before.
（四）语法
2. 表示一个动作或状态在过去某时之前已
经开始，一直延续到这一过去时间，而
且到那时还未结束，仍有继续下去的可
能性。如：
Danny had worked in Shanghai for six
years by then.
三、一些使用过去完成时的常见情况
1. 由by(在某时前，到某时)构成的短语表
示过去的时间时，句子常用过去完成时。
如：
By 10 o’clock last night, Sandy had
finished her work.
Susan had stayed in Beijing for three
years by then.
By the end of that summer, Holly had
read over twenty novels.
2. 由by the time和when / before引导的时间
状语从句使用了一般过去时，而主句的
动作发生在从句动作之前，此时主句用
过去完成时。如：
By the time Jason returned home, his
son had finished his homework.
When Justin got to the station, the
train had already left.
The little boy had pressed the red button
before we could stop him.
3. 在含有宾语从句的复合句中，主句使用
了一般过去时，而从句的动作发生在主
句动作之前，此时从句用过去完成时。
如：
Suddenly we realized that we had
lost our way.
【运用】单项选择
1. Mr. Dean had written a number of books
______ the end of last year.
A. for B. in
C. by D. to
2. What ______ Jane ______ by the time
she was seven?
A. did; learn B. has; learned
C. was; learning D. had; learned
C
D
3. When Nick got home, he found he
______ his jacket on the playground.
A. had left B. left
C. have left D. was leaving
4. By the time my parents got home
yesterday, I ______ dinner already.
A. had cooked B. cooked
C. have cooked D. was cooking
5. Tara said she ______ the movie before.
A. has seen B. saw
C. will see D. had seen
A
A
D
常见的构词法有：合成、派生和转化。
一、合成法指由两个或两个以上独立且语
义不相同的词结合成一个新词。常见
的合成词有合成名词(如bathroom)、
合成形容词(如easy-going)、合成副词
(如somewhere)、合成代词(如
anybody)和合成动词(如oversleep)。
二、派生法指由词根利用前缀或后缀派生而
形成新词，也叫前缀、后缀构词法。前
缀一般改变词义而不改变词性，后缀一
般改变词性而不改变词义。常见的前缀
有dis-, un-, im-(表示否定)和re-(表示重
复)等；常见的后缀有名词后缀-or, -er,
-ist, -tion, -ty等、形容词后缀-ful, -less,
-able, -ing, -ed, -y等、副词后缀-ly和动
词后缀-ize, -en等。如：
like→dislike happy→unhappy
polite→impolite tell→retell
act→actor teach→teacher
science→scientist pronounce→pronunciation
safe→safety mouth→mouthful
use→useless accept→acceptable
relax→relaxing surprise→surprised
snow→snowy slow→slowly
popular→popularize quick→quicken
三、转化法指一个单词保持词形不变而由
一种词性转化为另一种词性。单词转
化后的意义与之前的意义联系密切。
比如，名词和动词、形容词和名词、
形容词和动词之间的相互转化。如：
rush n. 仓促；急促 v.仓促；急促
patient n. 病人 adj. 耐心的
own adj. 自己的 v. 拥有
【运用】根据句意及提示填空。
1. Peter is ill in hospital and it is _________
(possible) for him to attend the meeting
tonight.
2. The washing machine and the fridge are
both important _________ (invent).
3. All of us think the five-day trip is very
short but ________ (enjoy).
4. Do you think it’s hard to ________
(memory) these English words?
impossible
inventions
enjoyable
memorize
5. Katie ________ (own) her ________
(own) house.
6. Your composition is not so good. You’d
better ________ (write) it.
7. I hope you will take my suggestions
________ (serious).
8. It is ___________ (meaning) for us to
help the elderly.
owns own
rewrite
seriously
meaningful
态度(Attitudes) 同意和不同意(Agreement
and disagreement)
A. Sure. Certainly.
Of course. All right.
I agree. No problem.
That’s a good idea.
Yes, I think so.
（五）交际用语
B. No way.
Of course not.
I don’t agree.
I don’t think so.
I’m afraid not.
根据对话内容，从方框中选择恰当的选项
补全对话，其中有两项多余。
A. There was no one in the classroom.
B. And when I got off the bus, it started
raining.
C. I have had a bad day today.
D. What an unlucky morning you had!
E. I missed the early bus.
F. Yes, of course! I was late and wet.
G. I’m very happy to hear that.
A: Hi, Cathy. You look unhappy. What’s
wrong with you?
B: Hi, Tara. (1)________
A: Why? What happened?
B: Well, this morning I arrived at the bus
stop late. (2)________ So I had to wait
for another bus. And I waited nearly 20
minutes.
A: That’s really a long time.
C
E
B: Yeah. (3)________ You know, it’s 10
minutes’ walk from the bus stop to the
classroom building. And I didn’t take an
umbrella with me.
A: Oh, no! You must be wet all over!
B: (4)________ When I entered the
classroom, I was 20 minutes late for
English class.
A: That’s too bad. (5)________
F
B
D
Ⅰ. 根据句意及提示，写出所缺单词。
1. _________(女士) and gentlemen, let’s
start the meeting now.
2. Glass can be _________(回收利用) again
and again.
3. His apartment is three _________(街区)
away from the school.
4. No _________(科学的) studies have
shown that shark fins are good for
people’s health.
Ladies
recycled
blocks
scientific
5. As students, our ________(任务) is to
study hard every day.
6. Because Bob stayed up too late last night,
he _________(睡过头) this morning.
7. We are doing a(n) _________( 调查)
among these students about how to study
for a test.
8. Don’t give up your dream. Believe in
yourself and you can _________(克服)
the difficulties.
task
overslept
survey
overcome
Ⅱ. 根据句意，从方框中选择恰当的单词填
空，有的需要变换形式。
afford, thirsty, law, separate, caring,
cancel, cruel, ring
1. I think it is _________ to kill the animals.
2. The show was _________ because of the
bad weather.
3. The government has made some
_________ to protect the wild animals.
cruel
canceled
laws
4. Mrs. Green always helps the people in
trouble. She is a(n) _________ woman.
5. I can’t _________ the television. It’s too
expensive.
6. I am very _________. Could you please
give me some water to drink?
7. Bert was late for school because his
alarm clock didn’t _________ yesterday
morning.
caring
afford
thirsty
ring
8. Please _________ the white shirts from
the colored ones. They can’t be washed
together.
separate
Ⅲ. 根据意思及提示，翻译下列句子。
1. 安妮(Annie)总能理解她父母。 (never
fail)
_________________________________
_________________________________
2. 昨天乔(Joe)花费时间教他妹妹弹吉他。
(take)
_________________________________
_________________________________
Annie never fails to understand her
parents.
Joe took time to teach his sister to
play the guitar yesterday.
3. 公园里有很多孩子在玩。 (there be)
________________________________
________________________________
4. 这家纸厂工人的数量下降了30% 。 (fall
by)
_________________________________
_________________________________
There are many children playing in
the park.
The number of workers in this paper
factory has fallen by 30 percent.
5. 卢克(Luke)正要上床睡觉，这时有人敲
门。 (be about to)
_________________________________
_________________________________
6. 不管这支钢笔有多贵，弗兰克(Frank)都
打算买。 (no matter)
__________________________________
__________________________________
Luke was about to go to bed when
someone knocked at the door.
Frank is going to buy this pen no
matter how expensive it is.
Ⅳ. 阅读短文，选择恰当的词并用其适当形
式填空，使短文完整、通顺。
word, easy, kill, strong, leg, weigh, also,
hide, eye, so, disagree, because
The roadrunner (走鹃) lives on land and
doesn’t often fly. It has very (1)________
legs and can run at speeds of up to 32
kilometers an hour. It has a very sharp
beak (锋利的嘴), and it can (2)________ a
snake.
strong
kill
The green tree frog has sticky feet,
(3)________ it can hang on smooth leaves
and branches (树枝). It’s so small and light
that a leaf can support its (4)________.
The sloth (树懒) moves very slowly. It can’t
run away from other animals, so it
(5)________. It hangs upside down under
the branches of trees, so that it can’t be
seen. The sloth’s fur (毛) grows down from
its stomach to its back,
so
weight
hides
so that rain runs off its body more
(6)_______.
Many people think chameleons (变色龙)
change color, so that they can’t be seen by
other animals. But scientists (7)________.
Their studies show that light, temperature
and mood cause chameleons to change
color. Chameleons (8)________ change
color to help them communicate with other
chameleons.
easily
disagree
also
Their (9)________ can move through a full
360-degree circle, so that they can see all
around them. The name “chameleon”
comes from the Greek (10)________
chamai (on the earth) and leon (lion).
eyes
words
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