Unit 7 Know Our World
Unit Review
一、现在完成时
【新知导引·悟】
用所给词的适当形式补全下列教材中的句子。
1. We have _______(learn) about the population of the
world.
2. Have you ever _____(be) abroad, Danny?
learned
been
3. Have you ______(visit) any other countries?
4. But my father has ________(travel) a lot.
5. It has _________(develop) quickly in recent years.
visited
travelled
developed
【知识详解·记】
1. 定义。
现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态,
其结果和现在有联系。
2. 结构。
现在完成时由“have/has+过去分词”构成。
(1)肯定句: 主语+have/has+过去分词+其他。
(2)否定句: 主语+haven’t/hasn’t+过去分词+其他。
(3)一般疑问句: Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他?
3. 用法。
(1)表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作或存在的状态
对现在造成的影响或结果。
(2)表示过去已经开始, 一直持续到现在的动作或状态。
(3)使用的状语有already, just, ever, yet, never, for+时
间段, since+时间点, in the past/last. . . , so far等。
4. 过去分词的构成。
动词的过去分词是用来构成现在完成时和过去完成时
的。其变化规则如下:
(1)一般情况下在动词后加-ed。
(2)以不发音字母e结尾的只加-d。
(3)以辅音字母加y结尾的, 变y为_, 再加-ed。i
(4)以重读闭音节结尾, 且词尾只有一个辅音字母时, 先
双写最后一个辅音字母, 再加-ed。
(5)不规则变化的, 见一个记一个, 同时也要抓住它们的
构词特点, 尽量巧记。
【警示】
(1)现在完成时与一般过去时的用法比较。
一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的事、存在的状态
或经常发生的动作。说话的侧重点只是陈述一件过去
的事情, 不强调对现在产生的影响。而现在完成时表
示动作发生在过去, 对现在造成了影响或产生了结果,
不与确定的过去时间状语连用。
(2)非延续性动词不能直接和for 或since 连用, 但我们
可以找一个相应的延续性动词或动词短语来替换这些
非延续性动词。常见非延续性动词与延续性动词的转
化对照表:
非延续
性动词
延续性
动词
非延续
性动词 延续性动词
borrow/
lend keep die be dead
open be open close be closed
buy have join be in/a
member of
leave be away
(from) finish/end be over
非延续
性动词
延续
性动
词
非延续
性动词 延续性动词
begin/
start be on arrive/co
me be here/in
catch/get
a cold
have a
cold marry be married
(3)have/has been to, have/has gone to, have/has been in
的区别: have/has been to表示“去过某地(现在已经回
来了)”; have/has gone to表示“去某地了(说话时某人
不在当地)”; have/has been in表示“一直待在某地”。
【语法强化·练】
( )1. Lily is my classmate. We _____each other
since she came to our school.
A. know B. knew
C. have known D. will know
C
( )2. (2018·北京中考)—Lucy, is your uncle a
teacher?
—Yes, he is. He _____history for nearly 20 years.
A. teaches B. has taught
C. is teaching D. will teach
B
( )3. (2018·福建中考A卷)China _____great
achievements in science and technology since 1978.
A. makes B. made C. has made
C
二、被动语态
【新知导引·悟】
用所给词的适当形式填空
1. These dry places are _____(call) deserts.
2. It must be _______(treat) well for our children and
for children’s children, too!
called
treated
3. We have been _____(ask) to write a report on Asia.
4. It’s ___________(pronounce) like the letter “A”.
asked
pronounced
【知识详解·记】
语态是动词的一种形式, 表示主语和谓语的关系。
当主语是动作的执行者时用主动语态(某人做某事); 当
主语是动作的承受者时, 用被动语态(某事被某人做)。
被动语态的构成: 助动词be+及物动词的过去分词(即p.
p. )。
1. 各种时态被动语态的构成。
(1)一般现在时态am/is/are+p. p.
(2)一般过去时态were/was+p. p.
(3)一般将来时态will/shall+be+p. p.
(4)现在进行时态am/is/are being+p. p.
(5)现在完成时态have/has been+p. p.
(6)过去进行时态was/were being+p. p.
(7)过去完成时态had been + p. p.
(8)过去将来时态should/ would be+p. p.
(9)含情态动词的被动语态: 情态动词+be+p. p.
2. 主动句变被动句的几种特殊形式。
(1)主动句中感官动词see/hear/watch/feel等和使役动词
make/let/have等词后跟省略to的动词不定式, 变为被动
语态时应加上不定式符号to。
We ____an alien ___out of the UFO.
→An alien _____________out of the UFO.
saw get
was seen to get
(2)谓语动词后接双宾语(直接宾语和间接宾语)时。
①把间接宾语变为主语, 直接宾语不变。
He ____me a new book.
↓ ↓
间接宾语 直接宾语
→I was given a new book by him.
gave
②把直接宾语变为主语, 间接宾语前通常加介词to或
for。加to的动词有: give, bring, pass, lend, read, write,
teach, show等; 加for的动词有: buy, sing, choose, make,
leave, mend等。
He ____me a new book.
↓ ↓
间接宾语 直接宾语
→___________was given to me by him.
gave
A new book
(3)句中谓语是动词短语时, 变为被动语态时要注意其
完整性。
Jack _________the TV just now.
→The TV _____________by Jack just now.
turned on
was turned on
【语法强化·练】单项选择
( )1. (2018·莱芜中考)—Laiwu has developed a
lot in the last few years.
—Yes. And the high-speed rail _____in 2020. 世纪金榜
导学号
A. completes B. is completed
C. will be completed D. will complete
C
( )2. (2018·盘锦中考)—_____ the theme park
_____in Shanghai two years ago?
—Yes, it’s about Chinese traditional culture.
A. Does; build
B. Did; built
C. Is; built
D. Was; built
D
( )3. (2018·梧州中考)—Your hometown is
beautiful, and the air is really fresh.
—Yes. Many trees and flowers _____around here
every year.
A. plant B. are planted
C. was planted D. will plant
B
【理·单元话题】
【记·写作佳句】
【教材句】
1. In China and some other countries, friends shake
hands to greet each other. 在中国以及一些其他的国家,
朋友们见面握手来彼此问候。
2. My country has a long history and rich culture.
我们国家有着悠久的历史和丰富的文化。
3. It has the largest population in the world.
它有着世界上最大的人口数量。
【拓展句】
1. This is a beautiful place. 这是个美丽的地方。
2. It is to the south of Shandong province.
它位于山东省的南边。
3. There are some places of interest. 这儿有很多名胜。
4. We are proud of our country.
我们以我们的国家为荣。
5. Welcome to our hometown to visit.
欢迎来我们家乡参观。
【鉴·典题考题】
为了进一步提升扬州国际文化旅游名城新形象,
我市正在举办中学生英语导游大赛。请根据以下流程
图提示完成一篇参赛导游词。
参考词汇: Slender West Lake 瘦西湖
Five-pavilion Bridge五亭桥
He Garden何园
double-path corridor复道回廊
要求: (1)表达清楚, 语法正确, 上下文连贯;
(2)必须包括提示中的所有信息, 并按要求适当发挥;
(3)词数: 100词左右(开头与结尾已给出, 不计入总词数
);
(4)不得使用真实姓名、校名和地名等。
【审题谋篇】
体裁 记叙文
时态 一般现在时态
人称 第三人称
要点
①开篇点题引出旅游胜地——扬州
②具体描述扬州的位置、历史和景点等
③总结表达自己的感情
【遣词造句】
1. 开篇点题引出旅游胜地——扬州
欢迎大家到扬州来。
____________________ Welcome to Yangzhou.
2. 具体描述扬州的位置历史和景点等。
(1)它位于淮河和长江之间。
__________________________________________
______
(2)它有着超过2 500年的历史。
_____________________________________
It lies between the Huaihe River and the Yangtze
River.
It has a history of more than 2, 500 years.
(3)许多有趣的地方_____________________
(4)很多美味的食物___________________
3. 总结表达自己的感情
希望您在扬州过得愉快。
_________________________________________
many interesting places
a lot of delicious food
I hope you’ll have a very nice stay in Yangzhou.
【连句成篇】
Ladies and gentlemen,
Welcome to Yangzhou! I’m your tour guide. Yangzhou,
my hometown, lies between the Huaihe River
and the Yangtze River. Yangzhou has a history of over
2, 500 years. There are many interesting places to visit.
Such as Slender West Lake, Five-pavilion Bridge, He
Garden, Double-path Corridor, Daming temple, etc.
Slender West Lake is a national park in Yangzhou
City. The Five-pavilion Bridge is the symbol of the
Slender West Lake. He Garden is the best-known private
garden of the late Qing dynasty, and is one of 20 first-
class key parks in China. Chinese Paper Cutting
Museum is in Yangzhou. Yangzhou paper-cutting, with
a history of 2, 000 years, can date back to the Sui
Dynasty, making Yangzhou one of the places where
paper-cutting first became popular.
Yangzhou dishes may be one of the reasons why so
many people are attracted by the city. They are not only
delicious but also colourful.
I hope you’ll have a very nice stay in Yangzhou.
【练·话题写作】
请根据下列提示, 写一篇80词左右的短文, 简单介绍一
下台湾。内容提示:
1. 地理位置: 中国东南部, 中国最大的岛屿(island)
2. 省会: 台北
3. 人口: 22, 600, 000
4. 气候: 冬季温暖, 夏季炎热, 雨量充沛
5. 名胜: 阿里山(Mount Ali)、日月潭(Sun Moon Lake)
要求: 把握要点, 不要逐词翻译, 可适当发挥。
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