Module 6 Eating together
Unit 3
被动语态
【新知导引·悟】
用所给词的适当形式补全教材中的句子并且体会动词
的变化
1. I __________(choose)to play the dance music.
2. Lunch __ usually _____ (eat)at about 1 pm.
was chosen
eatenis
3. Knives and forks ________(use)for most Western
food.
4. You will _________(serve)by someone who asks,
“Would you like some. . . ? ”
5. During the meal, you may _________(invite) to
serve yourself by someone who says, “Help yourself. ”
are used
be served
be invited
【知识详解·记】
被动语态:
(一) 语态分类: 英语动词有两种语态, 主动语态和被动
语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者, 被动语态
表示主语是动作的承受者。
如: They will build a new bridge over the river. (主动
)
A new bridge will be built over the river. (被动)
(二) 构成: 由系动词be + 及物动词的过去分词构成。
(三)被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化主要体现在be
的变化上, 其形式与系动词be的变化形式完全一样。
(四)被动语态的使用
1. 当不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时, 常用被
动语态, 这时往往不用by 短语。
Mr White, the cup was broken after class.
2. 突出或强调动作的承受者, 如果需要说出动作的执
行者, 用by 短语。
These records were made by John Denver.
The cup was broken by Paul.
3. 当汉语句子的主语既不是动作的执行者, 也不是动
作的承受者时, 这时常用in + 名词作状语, 而代替 by
短语。
These cars were made in China.
(五)主动语态变被动语态的方法
1. 把主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语。
2. 把主动语态的谓语变成被动语态的be + 过去分词,
时态要与原句保持一致。
3. 把主动语态的主语变为介词by 的宾语, 放在被动语
态里谓语动词之后, by 短语可以省略。如果原句主语
是地点名词, 在被动语态中用in + 地点名词作状语。
【语法强化·练】
Ⅰ. 单项选择
( )1. (2019 株洲中考)The students in this school
______to choose their own school uniforms.
A. are allowed B. allowed
C. are allowing
A
( )2. (2019 岳阳中考)It’s reported that Notre
Dame de Paris(巴黎圣母院) ______in April 2019.
A. was burnt B. is burnt
C. be burnt
A
( )3. (2018·咸宁中考)—The 19th National
Congress of the CPC(中共十九大) in Beijing in 2017.
— Our country has been into a new era (时代) since
then.
A. held B. was held
C. has held D. had held
B
( )4. (2019·安徽中考)The villagers expect that
the building of the bridge ______before the rainy
season comes.
A. is completed B. was completed
C. will be completed D. has been completed
C
( )5. (2018· 益阳中考) If you are over 18 years
old, you ______to drive a car in our country.
A. can allow B. can’t allow
C. can be allowed
C
Ⅱ. 用所给词的适当形式填空
1. More trees _____________(plant)around our city next
year.
2. The boy with a pair of glasses _______(call)David.
3. Mrs Huang ________(send)to a school in Jamaica
to teach the students Chinese last year.
will be planted
is called
was sent
4. Tony was asked _______(make)a speech at the
party.
5. Our classroom must _______(keep)clean and tidy.
to make
be kept
【理·模块话题】
【记·写作佳句】
【教材句】
1. Knives and forks are used for most Western food.
大多数西餐使用刀叉作餐具。
2. The fork is held in your left hand and the knife in
your right. 左手拿叉, 右手拿刀。
3. There is some food which you can eat with your
fingers, such as chicken wings and hamburgers.
有些食物, 你可以用手拿着吃, 比如鸡翅和汉堡包。
4. If you are offered more food but cannot eat any
more, just say, “No, thanks. It was delicious, but
I’ve had enough. ”
如果别人给你提供了更多的食物, 但你再也吃不下了,
只要说: “谢谢, 不要了。味道很好, 但我已经吃饱了。
”
5. When in Rome, do as the Romans do.
入乡随俗。
【拓展句】
1. There are many differences between Chinese and
Western eating habits and customs.
中西之间的饮食习惯与习俗有很多不同之处。
2. Chinese people like to eat rice, noodles, vegetables
and meat, while Western people prefer bread, milk,
salad and steak.
中国人喜欢吃米饭、面条、蔬菜和肉, 而西方人更喜
欢面包、牛奶、沙拉和牛排。
3. It is common for Chinese to talk with their family
and friends loudly while eating meals, but Western
people don’t make a loud noise during meals because
they think it’s not polite to do so.
中国人吃饭时与家人和朋友大声交谈是很常见的, 但
西方人吃饭时不大声喧哗, 因为他们认为这样做不礼
貌。
【鉴·典题考题】
假如你是李华, 你的一位笔友Peter发来e-mail, 说
他下星期来中国, 向你询问中国的“餐桌礼仪”, 请
你给他回一封80词左右的 e-mail, 告诉他有关情况, 信
的开头与结尾已给出, 不计入总词数。
要点:
1. 让客人和长辈先吃每一道菜。
2. 不要用筷子敲碗。
3. 不要将手伸到对面夹菜。
4. 等大家都到齐了, 才开始吃。
5. 为主人的长寿、健康、成功干杯。
提示词: guest 客人; elder长辈; tap敲; longevity长寿
【审题谋篇】
体裁 说明文
时态 一般现在时
人称 第一、二人称
要点
①开篇点题, 开门见山介绍中国用餐礼仪。
②从多个方面谈论餐桌礼仪。
③表达祝愿。
【遣词造句】
1. 开篇点题, 开门见山介绍中国用餐礼仪。
欢迎来到中国! 现在让我告诉你一些关于中国餐桌礼
仪的事情。
___________________________________________
___________________________
Welcome to China! Now let me tell you something
about Chinese table manners.
2. 从多个方面谈论餐桌礼仪。
(1)礼貌的 _____
(2)粗鲁的 _____
(3)为……祝酒 _____
(4) 长寿 ________
polite
rude
toast
longevity
(5)吃着东西说话 _______________________
(6) 在中国, 主人会让客人或长辈先吃。
____________________________________________
____________________________
(7)你不能用筷子敲打碗。
__________________________________
talk with one’s mouth full
In China, the host or hostess doesn’t eat every dish
until the guests and elders begin.
You can’t tap at bowls with chopsticks.
(8)不要将手伸到对面或别人面前夹菜。
___________________________________________
_____________________________
(9)此外, 你还应该为主人和女主人的长寿、健康或成
功干杯。
__________________________________________
___________________________
You shouldn’t reach across the table or in front of
someone to get something to eat.
Besides, you should toast the longevity, health or
success of the host and hostess.
3. 表达祝愿。
我相信你会在中国玩得很愉快。
_______________________________________I’m sure you will have a good time in China.
【连句成篇】
Dear Peter,
I’m glad to receive your e-mail. Welcome to China!
Now let me tell you something about Chinese table
manners.
In China, the host or hostess doesn’t eat every dish
until the guests and elders begin. You can’t tap at
bowls with chopsticks. You shouldn’t reach across the
table or in front of someone to get something to eat. You
can’t eat until everyone is at the table. Besides, you
should toast the longevity, health or success of the host
and hostess.
I’m sure you will have a good time in China.
Yours,
Li Hua
【练·话题写作】
目前外国的快餐在中国非常流行, 许多中学生都
很喜欢吃。外国快餐的餐厅不仅拥有较好的环境, 而
且能够提供方便快捷的服务。但是……请结合你自己
的经历, 谈谈你对外国快餐的看法。
词数: 80~100。
参考词汇: foreign fast food, popular, service, fast
and convenient(方便的), healthy
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________