009-2020高中英语语法复习之情态动词
①The police still haven't found the lost child, but
they're doing all they can.(现在的能力)警察还没有找到丢失
的孩子，但是他们正在竭尽全力地寻找。②If you have a
good sleep, you will be able to work out this problem.
(将来的能力)如果你好好睡一觉，你将能够解出这道题。
can，be able to 和could
③The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone was
able to get out.(过去有能力做并且成功地做了某事)尽管这场大火迅速蔓延
到了整个宾馆，但是每个人都逃了出去。④I could have worked out the
problem, but I was too nervous.
(本来有能力做但未做)我本来可以解决这个问题，但我太紧张了。⑤Can I
have a word with you? It won't take long.
北京高考单选(表示请求)我可以和你谈谈吗？不会花很多时间的。
(1)can和be able to都表示能力，意思上没多大区别。
但can只有现在和过去时，而be able to则有更多的形式。
当成功地完成某一具体动作时，通常不用could而用was/were able to
来表示。
这时was/were able to 相当于managed to，表示经过一番努力，终于
能够完成某事。succeed in doing sthHer mother can speak French.The
wounded man was still able to get to the village and was saved by the
villagers in the end.
(2)表示猜测“可能”，一般用于疑问句和否定句。—Can the news be
true?
—It can't be true.Someone is knocking at the door.
Who could it be?
(3)can可以表示理论上的可能性，指常有的行为或情形，意为“有时
会”Anybody can make mistakes.
(4)表示请求、允许(表请求时，口语中常用could代替can
使语气更委婉，回答时用can更礼貌Can I go now?Could I
come to see you tomorrow?
—Yes，you can.
否定答语可用No，I'm afraid not.
(5)表示惊异、怀疑、不相信的态度(主要用于否定句、疑问句
或感叹句中)。How can that be true？
I can't believe my eyes and ears.
How could you be so careless?
(6)can的特殊用法。can but只有；
can't but不得不；
can't...too再怎样也不为过，越...越好I can but wait. I can't but
wait.You can't be too patient to the customers.
(1)should have done表示“本来应该做某事而实际上未做”，而
shouldn't have done则表示“本不应该做某事而实际上做了”。You
should have told me about it earlier，didn't you?You shouldn't have said
such words to your parents, did you?
(2)ought to have done也表示“本应该...”，而ought not to have done则
意为“本不应该...”。You ought to have told me about it earlier.
You ought not to have said such words to your parents.
情态动词＋have done的用法
(3)needn't have done表示“本无必要做某事而实际上做了
”。You needn't have walked so quickly since time was
enough.
(4)could have done表示“本来有可能...而事实上未做到”。
I could have come on time，but my car broke down on the
way.
(5)may/might have done表示“过去可能发生过某事”或
“本来应该或可以做某事(实际上没做)”。You might have
given him more help，but you were so busy.
用may，might的适当形式填空1．—I don't really like James.
Why did you invite him?—Don't worry. He _____not come. He
said he wasn't certain what his plans were.2．—I left my
handbag on the train，but luckily someone gave it to a railway
official.—How unbelievable to get it back! I mean，someone
_____ have stolen it.3．As a student，you_____ as well make
good use of your time.4．You _____go to school either by bike or
by bus.5．_____ she rest in peace.
1．—I don't really like James. Why did you invite him?—Don't
worry. He might/may not come. He said he wasn't certain what
his plans were.2．—I left my handbag on the train，but luckily
someone gave it to a railway official.—How unbelievable to get
it back! I mean，someone might have stolen it.3．As a student
，you might/may as well make good use of your time.4．You
may go to school either by bike or by bus.5．May she rest in
peace.
①That car is my property; you mustn't use it without my
permission.那辆车是我的财产，你必须得到我的允许才能使用。②In a
trial, a judge must decide which eyewitnesses to believe and
which not to believe.在审判中，法官必须断定哪些证人可以相信，哪
些证人不能相信。③If you must go, at least wait until the storm
is over.如果你非要走的话，至少等到暴风雨结束。
must，have to和ought to的用法
(1)must表示“必须，应该，一定要”。
强调主观看法，只有现在时形式，否定式是must not(mustn't)。
must开头的问句，其否定回答要用needn't或don't have to代替。
(2)must表示必然的结果。 All men must die.
(3)must还可表示主语固执、偏要做他人不希望做的事。
It can't help；he must do that.
(4)have to着重客观需要，能用于更多时态(过去时或将来时)。He
will have to be there before ten.
(5)ought to表示义务和责任，“应该”，比should语气要强。You
ought to take care of yourself.
①As far as I'm concerned, you needn't worry about us now.就我
个人而言，你现在没有必要担心我们。②The figures need to be
checked again before we draw a conclusion.在我们得出结论前，这
些数据需要再检查一遍。③How dare you say I'm unfair?你竟敢说我
不公平？④He daren't/doesn't dare (to) speak English before
such a crowd.在这么多人面前他不敢说英语。
need与dare的用法
(1)need需要，必要，只能用于否定句和疑问句
在肯定句中，常用must和have to代替
(2)dare敢，通常用于否定句、疑问句和条件状语从句中
Dare you go home alone at eleven in the evening?
(3)need和dare的特殊用法①need表“需要”时，可用
want，require代替。The desk needs to be repaired./The
desk needs repairing.②dare作实义动词时，在肯定句中
要接to，在疑问句和否定句中to可省去。He dares to catch
a snake.I do not dare (to) complain.Do you dare (to) swim
in the river?
用can，could，be able to的适当形式填空1．Though the
building was on fire，they_____go out safely.2．It
_____be the postman at the door. It's only six o'clock.3．
—How's your new babysitter?—We _____not ask for a
better one. All our kids love her so much.4．The police still
haven't found the lost child，but they're doing all
they_____ .5．You _____be too careful when driving.
用can，could，be able to的适当形式填空1．Though the
building was on fire，they were able to go out safely.2．It
can't be the postman at the door. It's only six o'clock.3．—
How's your new babysitter?—We could not ask for a better
one. All our kids love her so much.4．The police still haven't
found the lost child，but they're doing all they can.5．You
can't be too careful when driving.
①You may rely on it that the work will be finished ahead of
time.你可以放心，这项工作将提前完成。②—What are you doing this
Saturday?—I'm not sure, but I might go to the Rolling Stones
concert.——本周六你打算干什么？——还说不定，但我可能会去滚石音
乐会。③If you think the price of beef is too high, you might as
well buy some pork. It depends on you.如果你认为牛肉太贵的话，
你不妨买些猪肉。你自己决定。
may和might
(1)表示允许、请求，might比may的语言更委婉一些。—May I
watch TV now?—Yes，you may.(Yes，please.)—No，you
mustn't.(No，you'd better not.)
(2)表示可能性时，might比may的可能性小，may表示的可能性
比can小(主要用于陈述句、肯定或否定句，疑问句用can代替)。
The story may not be true.
(3)表示祝愿(不用might)
May you succeed!
(4)may/might as well最好还是...，不妨
You might as well do it now.
(5)may/might well很可能
He may well be late for class.
1．He daren't go out at night.
He_____go out at night.
2．The flowers need watering.
The flowers need_____ .
同义句改写
1．He daren't go out at night.
He doesn't dare to go out at night.
2．The flowers need watering.
The flowers need to be watered.
①The telephone is ringing. Would you please answer it?电话在
响，你能接一下吗？
②Due to its great importance, every student in China
would do his best to get ready for it, and I am no exception.(四
川高考书面表达)由于它的重要性，在中国每一个学生都会做最好的准备，
我也不例外。
will与would的用法
③I have told him again and again to stop smoking, but he will
not listen.我已再三告诉他戒烟，但是他就是不听。④Every morning he
will have a walk along this river.每天早晨，他总是沿着小河散步。⑤I
still remember my happy childhood when my mother would take
me to Disneyland at weekends.我仍然记得我那幸福的童年，在那时我
的母亲常常在周末带我去迪斯尼乐园。
(1)will①表示请求、建议，常用于第二人称。Will you please go
with me?②表示意愿、决定、允许。I will never do that again.③表
示习惯性动作或某种倾向，“总是，惯于”，通常用于第三人称。Rosa
will always be late for school.(2)would①表示请求、建议，比will
委婉，指现在时间，多用于第二人称。礼貌！Would you like a cup
of tea? ②表示过去习惯性动作或某种倾向。We would play
badminton on Sundays.
①Henry is waiting outside. Shall he come in, sir?亨利正在门外等着，
可以让他进来吗，先生？②You shall not get my support if you do
such a thing.假如你做那种事，我就不支持你。③A true man should be
practical as well as farsighted.一个真正的人不仅要有远见，而且还要讲
究实际。④With all his money, he should worry about a little thing
like 5 cents!有那么多钱，他竟然为像5分钱一样的小事而烦恼！
shall, should与ought to
⑤You ought not to be late for such an important meeting.这
么重要的会议你不应该迟到的。⑥According to the newlymade
traffic regulation, whoever drives through a red light shall
be fined at least 200 dollars.根据新的交通法规，不论谁驾车闯红
灯，罚款至少200美元。
(1)shall用于第一、三人称，在问句中表示征求对方意见或请求。Shall I
come in?用于第二、三人称的陈述句中，表示命令或威胁。You shall
do as your father says.(2)should①表示责任、义务，意为“应该”。
②表示惊讶语气，意为“竟然”。You should wear slippers in
class.③用于条件句，表示“假如，万一”，省去if，should可提至句首。
Should you be late，apologize to the teacher. Should you be
late=If you are late
①It is usually warm in my hometown in March, but it can be
rather cold sometimes. 我的家乡在三月份通常很暖和，但有时候也会
相当冷。②Mr Bush is on time for everything. How can it be that
he was late for the meeting?布什先生做什么事情都很准时，他怎么
可能开会迟到呢？③It couldn't be the vocabulary that caused you
the problem in the exercise because you know a lot of words.
(安徽高考单选改编)不可能是词汇导致了你习题中的问题，因为你知道很
多单词。
情态动词表示推测判断
④—You needn't take an umbrella. It isn't going to rain.—
Well, I don't know. It might do.(北京高考单选改编)——你不需要
带伞，不会下雨的。——哦，我不知道，或许会下雨。⑤—Good
morning. I've got an appointment with Miss Smith in the
Personnel Department. —Ah, good morning. You must be
Mrs Peters. —早上好， 我和人事部的史密斯小姐有约。—啊哈，早
上好。那您一定就是皮特斯夫人了。
⑥It's said that there are plenty of hotels in that town. There
shouldn't be any difficulty for you to find somewhere to stay.
据说那个城镇有很多的旅馆，找到住的地方对你来说应该不难。
1．can用于肯定句中表示客观的可能性，意为“有时会”；用于疑问句
中可以表示推测，意为“可能”，有时表示一种惊讶的语气；用于否定句
中也可以表示推测，can't意为“不可能”，语气很强烈。2．
may/might用于肯定句中可以用来表示不十分肯定的推测，意为“有可
能”；用于否定句中也可以表示推测，may not意为“可能不”，表示一
种不太确定的语气。
3．must表示推测时只能用于肯定句中，意为“一定，必定”，表示十分
肯定的语气(在疑问句中或否定句中要用can/could)。
4．should用来表示推测时意为“应该”，即含有“按道理来说应当如此
”的意思。
情态动词 对现在和未来的推
测 对过去的推测 使用场合
must must＋do must have
done 肯定句
may/migh
t may/might＋do may/might
have done 肯定句、否定句
can/could can/could do can/could
have done 否定、疑问(could肯定)
should 表示估计:按理会/
估计会should do
should have
done 肯定、否定、疑问
①I couldn't have enjoyed myself more — it was a perfect day.(浙江高
考单选改编) 我过得非常开心(我不可能过得更愉快了)—这真是完美的一天。
②Sorry, I'm late. I might have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to
sleep again. 对不起，我迟到了。我可能把闹钟关掉后又睡着了。
③—Wang Yaping was the second woman to be sent into space in China.
—She must have gone through tough training.
—王亚平成为第二名被送入太空的中国女性。—她肯定受过艰苦的训练。
④Mark needn't have hurried. After driving at top speed, he arrived half an
hour early. 马克本没必要那么匆忙。他以最快速度开车，结果早到了半个小时。
情态动词＋have done
情态动词＋have done 用 法
must have done 一定做过某事，其否定形式为can't/
couldn't have done
can/could have done 1.本来能够做但却未做 2．可能做过某事
can't/couldn't have done 不可能做过某事
may/might have done 或许/可能做过某事
should/ought to have done 本该做但却未做，其否定形式表示本不该做
但却做了
needn't have done 做了本没有必要做的事情
1．I ____________________(我本来可以帮助你的)，but I was too
busy then.2．It's Sunday. He_________________________ (不可能上
学去了)．3．You know the story very well. You
_______________(可能读过) before.4．You_________________________
(一定是睡得很晚) last night. Your eyes are red.5．I
______________________________ (本应该做作业) last night，but I
went to the cinema.
完成句子
1．I could have helped you(我本来可以帮助你的)，but I
was too busy then.2．It's Sunday. He can't have gone
to school(不可能上学去了)．3．You know the story
very well. You may/might have read it(可能读过)
before.4．You must have gone to bed late(一定是睡得
很晚) last night. Your eyes are red.5．I should/ought
to have done my homework(本应该做作业) last night，
but I went to the cinema.
1．（2019天津）12.The professor warned the students that on no
account ________ use mobile phones in his class.
A. should they B. they should C. dare they D. they dare
2．I've ordered some pizza，so we_____worry about cooking when
we get home tired.(2014·重庆，3)
A．can't B．dare not C．needn't D．may not
3．_____ I have a word with you？It won't take long.(2014·北京，
27)
A．Can B．Must C．Shall D．Should
感悟高考
1．（2019天津）12.The professor warned the students that on no
account ________ use mobile phones in his class.
A. should they B. they should C. dare they D. they dare
考查部分倒装和情态动词。句意：这位教授警告学生们，在他的课堂上，决
不应该使用手机。on no account意为“决不”，否定词放在句首，句子使
用部分倒装，排除B、D项；这里表示应该，故选A。
2．I've ordered some pizza，so we _____worry about cooking when we get home
tired.(2014·重庆，3) A．can't B．dare not C．needn't D．may not因为买了比
萨饼，所以无需担心疲惫地回家后还要做饭的事情。故选needn't“没必要”。can't不可能；
dare not不敢；may not可能不，表示“推断”。C3．_____ I have a word with you？
It won't take long.(2014·北京，27)A．Can B．Must C．Shall D．Should我能
和你说句话吗？不会花费太长时间的。此处can表示请求和许可。must必须；shall用于第一
人称的问句中，用于提建议或要求他人作决定的问句中；should应该。A
4．Life is unpredictable；even the poorest _____become the
richest.(2014·江西，30)5．Although you_____find bargains in
London，it's not generally a cheap place to shop.(2014·大纲
全国，30)A．should B．need C．must D．can 6．People
are recycling many things which they_____away in the
past.(2014·安徽，30)A．had thrown B．will be throwing C．
were throwing D．would have thrown7．No one_____ be
more generous；he has a heart of gold. (2013·天津，9)A．
could B．must C．dare D．need
4．Life is unpredictable；even the poorest _____ become the richest.(2014·江西，30)A．
shall B．must C．need D．might 答案 D解析 考查情态动词。句意为：生活是无法
预测的，甚至最贫穷的人也许会成为最富有的人。根据前句“Life is unpredictable”说明一切都有
可能，所以使用might表示存在的可能性。5．Although you_____find bargains in London，it's
not generally a cheap place to shop.(2014·大纲全国，30)A．should B．need C．must D
．can 虽然你可能在伦敦找到便宜货，但那通常不是一个购物便宜的地方。can表示“可能”时尽管
多用于否定句和疑问句中，但在肯定句中可以表示“可能”，指客观上的可能性。由句意可知，此处
表示“你可能在伦敦找到便宜货”，指客观上的可能性，故选择can。should应该；need需要；
must必须，肯定。D6．People are recycling many things which they _____away in the
past.(2014·安徽，30)A．had thrown B．will be throwing C．were throwing D．would
have thrown人们在循环使用他们过去本想扔掉的许多东西。would have done表示“过去本想干
某事，但实际没做”。D7．No one _____ be more generous；he has a heart of gold.(2013·
天津，9)A．could B．must C．dare D．need没人比他更慷慨；他有一颗金子般的心。“No
one could be more generous”是否定词和比较级连用，表达最高级含义，在否定句中表示推测，
,B项表推测，只用在肯定句中；dare和need不符合句意。A
8．Harry is feeling uncomfortable.He _____too much at the party
last night.(2013·辽宁，31)A．could drink B．should drink
C．would have drunk D．must have drunk9．—Why are your
eyes so red？You _____have slept well last night.—Yeah，I stayed
up late writing a report.(2013·四川，5)A．can't B．mustn't C．
needn't D．won't10．When I was a child，I _____watch TV
whenever I wanted to.(2013·江西，29)A．should B．could C．
must D．need
8．Harry is feeling uncomfortable.He_____ too much at the party last
night.(2013·辽宁，31)A．could drink B．should drink C．would have
drunkD．must have drunkHarry感到不舒服，他昨天晚上一定喝得太多。由
last night可知是对过去的猜测，语气肯定，所以用must have drunk。D9．—
Why are your eyes so red？You_____ have slept well last night.—Yeah，I
stayed up late writing a report.(2013·四川，5)A．can't B．mustn't C．
needn't D．won't你的眼睛为什么这么红？你昨晚肯定没睡好。是的，我
熬夜写了一篇报告。本题考查情态动词表对过去事情否定推测的用法。A10．
When I was a child，I _____ watch TV whenever I wanted to.(2013·江西，
29)A．should B．could C．must D．needshould应该；could能够，可以；
must必须；need需要。当我还是个孩子的时候，我想看电视的时候就可以看。B
1. We shall hardly please everyone, nor is it necessary that we ________. A. need
B. should C. can D. may2. — They are said to have been familiar with
each other.— But they_________. They were introduced only hours ago.A. may not
have been B. couldn't have been C. mustn't have been D. needn't have
been3. — Where are my new sneakers? Have you seen them?— How _______ I
know? I'm your sister, not your servant.A. shall B. will C. should D.
might4. As is required, all the participants_______ remain standing with one leg
until the whistle is blown.A. may B. could C. shall D. would
BBCC
小试牛刀
5. — School is over. How can we contact Robert?— Try phoning him. He ________ be home
by now. He lives only a stone's throw from the school.A. would B. will C.
should D. shall6. — Sherry rang to say she was too busy to come. — Well, she
_______ say that. She is always making excuses. A. mustn't B. would C. needn't D. should
7. — Penny's baby daughter narrowly escaped drinking the furniture polish on the coffee
table. — Luckily for her. She ________ sick or even died. A. could have got B. should have
got C. must have got D. will have got8. — It's so cold here! Why haven't you turned
on your air-conditioner? — Well, it ________ turn on.A. shouldn't B. can't C. won't
D. shan't9. There a slight decrease in his weight but he eats too much. A. was B.
could have been C. had been D. could be CBACD
10. Ann said whenever her father was unhappy he ________ go out and buy something,
usually something large and useless.A. should B. could C. would D.
might11. The accident which left 15 people on board dead ________ if both the angry
female passenger and the bus driver had kept calm.A. should have avoided B.
should be avoided C. could have avoided D. could have been avoided12. — Mum,
little Ray broke his toys again!—It doesn't matter. You see, accidents _____happen.A.
shall B. should C. must D. will13 The explosion in the chemical plant ______ avoided
had the county authorities, aiming toomuch at short-term interests, performed their
duties from the beginning.A. should be B. might be C. must have been D. could
have been
CDDD
1．至于我，应该从我上学的路上开始。(should)(2013·安徽·书面表达
) 2．因此，我没能够抽出时间及时给你回复。(couldn't)(2013·山东·写作)
3．我真诚地希望你们能给我一次机会，我相信我将会成为一个好主席的。
(can)(2013·天津·书面表达) 4．再试一次，他们可能得到他们梦想的东西。
(may)(2013·北京·开放作文) 5．如果你们能立刻采取措施,我将不胜感激。
(would)(2013·重庆·写作二)
根据中文翻译句子
1．至于我，应该从我上学的路上开始。(should)(2013·安徽·书面表达)As for
me，it should start on my way to school.2．因此，我没能够抽出时间及时
给你回复。(couldn't)(2013·山东·写作)Therefore，I couldn't spare
enough time to write back to you in time.3．我真诚地希望你们能给我一
次机会，我相信我将会成为一个好主席的。(can)(2013·天津·书面表达)I
sincerely hope you can give me a chance and I'm sure I will be a good
president.4．再试一次，他们可能得到他们梦想的东西。(may)(2013·北京·
开放作文)With another try，they may gain what they dream of.5．如果
你们能立刻采取措施,我将不胜感激。(would)(2013·重庆·写作二)I would
appreciate it greatly if you can take action at once.
1．I (我本来可以帮助你的)，but I was too
busy then.2．It's Sunday. He (不可能上
学去了)．3．You know the story very well. You
(可能读过) before.4．You
(一定是睡得很晚) last night. Your eyes are red.5．I
(本应该做作业) last night，but I went to the cinema.
根据提示完成句子
1．I could have helped you(我本来可以帮助你的)，but I was too
busy then.2．It's Sunday. He can't have gone to school(不可能
上学去了)．3．You know the story very well. You may/might
have read it(可能读过) before.4．You must have gone to bed
late(一定是睡得很晚) last night. Your eyes are red.5．I
should/ought to have done my homework(本应该做作业) last
night，but I went to the cinema.
1．(2016·浙江高考)George _____ too far. His coffee is still warm.A．
must have gone B．might have goneC．can't have gone
D．needn't have gone
2．(2015·陕西高考)You_____feel all the training a waste of time, but
I'm a hundred percent sure later you'll be grateful you did it.
A．should B．need C．shall D．may
3．(2015·重庆高考)You _____be Carol. You haven't changed a bit
after all these years.A．must B．can C．will D．shall
高频考点一：情态动词表推测的用法
1．(2016·浙江高考)George _____ too far. His coffee is still warm.A．must have gone
B．might have goneC．can't have gone D．needn't have gone
乔治不可能走得太远。他的咖啡仍然是温的。can't have done是对过去的否定推测；must
have done“过去一定做了某事”；might have done“过去可能做了某事”；needn't
have done“过去本不必做某事”。故选C。
2．(2015·陕西高考)You_____feel all the training a waste of time, but I'm a hundred
percent sure later you'll be grateful you did it.
A．should B．need C．shall D．may
你或许觉得所有的训练都是浪费时间，但是我百分之百确定，你以后会为你这么做了而心存感
激的。由句中的but及后一分句中的a hundred percent sure可知，此处表示语气不强烈的推
测，故用may。D
3．(2015·重庆高考)You _____be Carol. You haven't changed a bit after all these years.
A．must B．can C．will D．shall
你一定是卡萝尔。这么多年你一点都没有变化。根据后文的“You haven't changed a bit”
可知，说话者完全认出了卡萝尔，猜测的语气非常肯定，因此选择must, must用在肯定句中
表示语气非常肯定的推测，意为“一定，想必”。can用在否定句中表示把握非常大的推测；
will表意愿、倾向或临时决定做某事；shall用于第二、三人称表命令、威胁、警告、许诺。A
4．(2017·北京高考)Samuel, the tallest boy in our class,
_____easily reach the books on the top shelf.A．must
B．should C．can D．need
5．(2017·天津高考)My room is a mess, but I _____clean it before
I go out tonight. I can do it in the morning.
A．daren't B．shouldn't C．needn't D．mustn't
高频考点二：情态动词的非推测性用法
4．(2017·北京高考)Samuel, the tallest boy in our class,
_____easily reach the books on the top shelf.A．must
B．should C．can D．need
塞缪尔是我们班最高的男孩，他能轻松地够到书架顶层上的书。根据
句意可知，此处表示能力，故选C项。
5．(2017·天津高考)My room is a mess, but I _____clean it before
I go out tonight. I can do it in the morning.
A．daren't B．shouldn't C．needn't D．mustn't
我的房间里乱糟糟的，不过我今天晚上出门之前没必要打扫，我可以
(明天)早晨打扫。根据空后的“I can do it in the morning.”及句
意可知，空格处表示“没有必要”，因此选C。
6．(2016·天津高考)It was really annoying; I _____ get access to the
data bank you had recommended.A．wouldn't B．couldn't C．
shouldn't D．needn't
7．(2016·北京高考) I love the weekend, because I _____get up early
on Saturdays and Sundays.
A．needn't B．mustn't C．wouldn't D．shouldn't
8．(上海高考)The new law states that people_____drive after
drinking alcohol.A．wouldn't B．needn't C．won't D．mustn't
6．(2016·天津高考)It was really annoying; I _____ get access to the
data bank you had recommended.A．wouldn't B．couldn't C．
shouldn't D．needn't
这真是令人生气；我不能进入你推荐的数据库。couldn't“不能”，符
合语境。wouldn't“不愿意”；shouldn't“不应该”；needn't“不
必”。B
7．(2016·北京高考) I love the weekend, because I _____get up early
on Saturdays and Sundays.
A．needn't B．mustn't C．wouldn't D．shouldn't
我喜欢周末，因为周六和周日我不需要早起。needn't“没有必要”A
8．(上海高考)The new law states that people_____drive after
drinking alcohol. A．wouldn't B．needn't C．won't D．
mustn't
新法律声明人们不准酒后驾车。mustn't“不准”，表示禁止。D
9．(2015·天津高考)I_____have worried before I came to the
new school, for my classmates here are very friendly to
me.A．mightn't B．mustn't C．needn't D．couldn't
10．(2015·福建高考)—Sorry, Mum! I failed the job interview
again.
—Oh, it's too bad. You _____have made full preparations.
A．must B．can C．would D．should
常考点三：情态动词＋have done
9．(2015·天津高考)I_____have worried before I came to the new
school, for my classmates here are very friendly to me.A．
mightn't B．mustn't C．needn't D．couldn't
来新学校之前我本没有必要担心，因为这里的同班同学对我很友好。
mightn't have done可能没做过，没有mustn't have done这一用法，
couldn't have done，needn't have done本没必要做，不可能做过 C
10．(2015·福建高考)—Sorry, Mum! I failed the job interview again.
—Oh, it's too bad. You _____have made full preparations.
A．must B．can C．would D．should
“对不起，妈妈！我工作面试又失败了。” “哦，太糟糕了。你本应该做
充足的准备。”must have done sth.“一定已经做了某事”，表示对过
去事情的肯定推测；can/would have done sth.“可能已经做了某事”；
should have done sth.“本应该做某事(实际并未做)”。D
11．(2014·陕西高考)My book, The House of Hades, is missing.
Who ________ have taken it?A．need B．must C．should D．
could
12．(江苏高考)—Happy birthday!
—Thank you! It's the best present I ________ for.
A．should have wished B．must have wished
C．may have wished D．could have wished
13．(江苏高考)—I left my handbag on the train, but luckily
someone gave it to a railway official.—How unbelievable to
get it back! I mean, someone ________ it.A．will have stolen
B．might have stolenC．should have stolen D．must have
stolen
11．(2014·陕西高考)My book, The House of Hades, is missing. Who ________ have taken it?A．
need B．must C．should D．could
我的书《哈迪斯之屋》丢了。谁可能拿走了它？根据句子的意思，表示对过去某事的推测，由于在疑问
句中，故要用could have done。need have done sth.“本需要做某事却没有做”；must have
done是对过去发生的动作最有把握的猜测，意思是“一定做过”，常用于肯定句；should have
done sth.“本应该做某事而没有做”D。
12．(江苏高考)—Happy birthday!
—Thank you! It's the best present I ________ for.
A．should have wished B．must have wished C．may have wished D．could have wished
“生日快乐！”“谢谢你！这是我所能期望的最好的礼物。”
could have wished可能希望 D
13．(江苏高考)—I left my handbag on the train, but luckily someone gave it to a railway
official.—How unbelievable to get it back! I mean, someone ________ it.A．will have stolen
B．might have stolenC．should have stolen D．must have stolen
从对话情景可知他们在谈论过去的可能性：有人可能把手提包偷走了。might have stolen B
1．(2019·南京三模)Held inside for too long, regret ________ affect
the immune system. A．must B．canC．should D．shall
2．(2019·苏、锡、常、镇三模)—It's so cold here! Why haven't you
turned on your airconditioner?
—Well, it ________ turn on.
A．shouldn'tB．can'tC．won't D．shan't
真题演练
1．(2019·南京三模)Held inside for too long, regret ________ affect
the immune system. A．must B．canC．should D．shall
后悔在心里憋得时间过长，可能会影响到免疫系统。can“可能”，符合
语境。B
2．(2019·苏、锡、常、镇三模)—It's so cold here! Why haven't you
turned on your airconditioner?
—Well, it ________ turn on.
A．shouldn'tB．can'tC．won'tD．shan't
“这里这么冷，怎么不把空调打开？”“就是打不开。”won't表示“偏
不，不愿意”。C
3．(2019·江苏押题卷二)She ________ the coming New Year in the USA
but it is regrettable that she didn't get her visa last week.A．
must have spent B．would have spentC．could have spent
D．should have spent
4．(2019·江苏押题卷七)“Each director ________ be appointed or
recalled by his own side，” the judge declared on the court.
A．shall B．needC．may D．can
3．(2019·江苏押题卷二)She ________ the coming New Year in the USA but it is
regrettable that she didn't get her visa last week.A．must have spent B
．would have spentC．could have spent D．should have spent
她本来是可以在美国度过即将到来的新年的，但遗憾的是，她上周没有拿到签证。could
have done表示“本可以做某事而实际上没有做”，有一种对过去未付诸实施的事情的
惋惜，或提出委婉的批评，根据句中的regrettable可知，应选C项。must have done
是对过去行为的推断，表示“一定做了某事”；should have done表示“本应该做某
事但实际上没有做”。C
4．(2019·江苏押题卷七)“Each director ________ be appointed or recalled by his
own side，” the judge declared on the court.
A．shall B．needC．may D．can
法官在法庭上宣布：“每一位董事必须由所属方任命或罢免。”shall“应该，必须”用
在法律、条约、协定等正式文件中，表示义务、规定等。A
5．(2019·南京、盐城一模)During my first year abroad, I was so
busy studying and meeting new people that I did not phone
my parents as often as I ________. A．should B．wouldC．
should have D．would have
6．(2019·常州高三一模)—Why didn't you move to another city
when you finished your further study abroad?
—I wanted to, but my mom simply ________ let me go.
A．couldn't B．wouldn't C．shouldn't have D．mustn't have
5．(2019·南京、盐城一模)During my first year abroad, I was so busy
studying and meeting new people that I did not phone my
parents as often as I ________. A．should B．wouldC．should
have D．would have在我出国的第一年，我忙于学习以及结交新的
朋友，以至于没有像原本应该的那样经常给我的父母打电话。should
have done“本来应该做某事”，符合语境。C
6．(2019·常州高三一模)—Why didn't you move to another city when
you finished your further study abroad?
—I wanted to, but my mom simply ________ let me go.
A．couldn't B．wouldn'tC．shouldn't haveD．mustn't have
“你在国外完成进修后为何不去另外一座城市。”“我想去的，但是我妈
妈不愿意我去。”wouldn't“不愿意”，符合语境。B
7．(2019·金陵中学、、四模) —I know
the furniture is expensive but it will last for years. —I ________
hope so too. A．can B．may C．must D．should
8．(2020届高三·无锡一模)—You could hardly imagine what great
trouble John had reserving a hotel room during the G20
summit.
—He ________ in my apartment. It was vacant as I was abroad
then.
A．must have stayed B．should have stayed
C．could have stayed D．would have stayed
7．(2019·金陵中学、、四模) —I know the furniture is
expensive but it will last for years. —I ________ hope so too. A．can B．mayC
．must D．should
“我知道这些家具贵，但是比较耐用。”“我也希望如此。”should“应该；将会”，符
合语境。D
8．(2020届高三·无锡一模)—You could hardly imagine what great trouble John had
reserving a hotel room during the G20 summit.
—He ________ in my apartment. It was vacant as I was abroad then.
A．must have stayed B．should have stayed
C．could have stayed D．would have stayed
“你几乎不能想象John在G20峰会期间预订一间宾馆客房有多么困难。”“他本可以住在
我的公寓里的。因为那时候我在国外，房子是空着的。”根据句意可知，此处表示“本来
可以做某事而没有做”，所以要用could have done。C
9．(2020届高三·无锡一模)According to the school rule, no child
________ be allowed out of the school, unless accompanied by
his own parents.A．shouldB．mustC．shall D．can
10．(2020届高三·盐城三模)It's a sad fact of life: lies are lies, and
sometimes the truth ________ lie as well.
A．shallB．shouldC．canD．must
9．(2020届高三·无锡一模)According to the school rule, no child
________ be allowed out of the school, unless accompanied by
his own parents.A．shouldB．mustC．shall D．can
根据校规，孩子不可以离开学校，除非有他自己的父母的陪伴。shall用
于第三人称，在条约、规定、法令等文件中表示义务或规定，意为“应该，
必须”。C
10．(2020届高三·盐城三模)It's a sad fact of life: lies are lies, and
sometimes the truth ________ lie as well.
A．shallB．shouldC．canD．must
这是一个可悲的生活事实：谎言就是谎言，而有时真理也可能是谎言。
can表示“有时会”，用于描述常有的行为或情形。C
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