高考英语二轮复习核心语法突破
定语从句
定语
形容词 介词短语 非 谓 语 动 词 短
语
前置I have a good
friend.
后置I want to do
something
interesting.
后 置 The boy in
white is my
friend.
后置I don’t have
a house to live in.
修 饰 名 词 或
代词的成分 常译为“的”
句子
后置I like students
who like English.
什么是定语？什么又是定语从句呢？
1.在复合句中作定语，修饰主句中某一名词或代词
的从句，叫做定语从句。2.被修饰的名词或代词即
先行词。3.定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关
系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。4.关系代词或
关系副词位于先行词和定语从句之间，它既起连接
作用，又充当从句中的一个成分。
课前检测
下面属于定语从句的是（ ）
A. Martin is friendly to others, which makes him
popular among his classmates.
B. My parents will do whatever they can to make me
have a better future.
C. What happened last night is still unknown.
D. The boss tried to make a relaxing atmosphere
where his employees can enjoy their work.
AD
定语从句关系词经典例题
1. (2016年全国卷1) My connection with pandas goes back to my
days on a TV show in the mid－1980s, ________ I was the first
Western TV reporter.
考查非限制性定语从句，不缺主宾，先行词为时间
2. (2016全国Ⅲ)Some people think that the great Chinese scholar
Confucius，________lived from roughly 551 to 479 B．C,
influenced the development of chopsticks.
考查非限制性定语从句，缺主语，先行词为人
when
who
定语从句关系词经典例题
3. (2014•重庆)We'll reach the sales targets in a month ________
we set at the beginning of the year.
考查限制性定语从句，缺宾语，先行词为物
4. (2015•浙江)Creating an atmosphere ________ employees feel
part of a team is a big challenge.
考查限制性定语从句，不缺宾语，先行词为抽象地点
that/which
where
某些抽象地点名词如：point, stage, situation, case, condition,
atomosphere等做先行词时，定语从句缺状语用where 引导，
表示抽象化的地点,“到了某种地步，在某种境况中”
定语从句关系词经典例题
5. (2015•湖南)It is a truly delightful place, ________ looks the
same as it must have done 100 years ago with its winding streets
and pretty cottages.
考查非限制性定语从句，缺主语，先行词为物
6. The reason ___________ he didn’t tell us is that he had to look
after his baby sister yesterday.
考查限制性定语从句，缺宾语，先行词为reason
which
that/which
定语从句的引导词
（一）关系代词引导的定语从句1.who 指人，在定
语从句中作主语。The boys who are playing football are
from Class One. 2.whom 指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常
可省略。The professor ( whom ) you are waiting for has
come.
注意：关系代词whom 在口语或非正式文体中常可用who
来代替，也可省略。3.which 指物，在定语从句中做主语
或宾语，做宾语时常可省略。Football is a game which is
liked by most boys.
4.that 指人时，相当于who 或whom;指物时，相当于
which。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。
Where is the man that / whom I saw this morning?
The season that / which comes after spring is summer.
5.whose 通常指某人的，也可指某物的(只用作定语, 若指
物，它还可以同of which互换）。
I once lived in the house whose roof has fallen in.
Please pass me the book whose (或of which) cover is green.
6.as.关系代词
as既可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定
语从句，as在句中做主语、宾语或表语。
先行词前有as，so，such，the same等修饰时，as在从句
中做主语或宾语的，关系代词用as.
Tom is not such an intelligent person as you think.I want the
same shirt as my friend bought yesterday.
（二）“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句关系代词
在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常常由“介词+关系代
词”引出。
The school (which / that可省略) he once studied in is very
famous.
The school in which he once studied is very famous.
Tomorrow I’ll bring here the magazine (which / that可省略)
you asked for.
Tomorrow I’ll bring here the magazine for which you asked.
注意：1. 含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在
短语动词的后面。如：look for, look after, take care of.
This is the watch (which / that) I am looking for.
2.若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时只可用
whom，不可用who, that;关系代词指物时只可用which
，不可用that。关系代词是所有格时用whose。The man
with whom you talked just now is my neighbour.
小结：
1.介词后面是宾语，只能用宾格形式
2.介词后不用that引导词
（三）关系副词引导的定语从句1. when 指时间，在
定语从句中作时间状语。I still remember the day when I
first came to this school.
2. where 指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。Shanghai is
the city where I was born.
注意：where引导定语从句时，是表示地点或者抽象意义
“在…方面”，本身在从句部分充当地点状语。
注意：有些时候一些词会很抽象的用作地点，比如，case
，stage，position，state，activity, business, occasion,
situation, point等,但也要视情况而定。
注意：关系副词引导的定语从句经常可以用“介词+
关系代词”引导的定语从句来表示。如：Great
changes are taking place in the city where / in which they
live. 3. why 指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。
Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.
定语从句的注意事项
that与which 定语从句关系词
总结只用that的情况？？
例句：
1. Do you have anything that you want to say for yourself?
2. The only thing that we can do is to give you some advice.
3. This is the best way that has been used against pollution;
4. What is the first American film that you have seen?
5. Do you know the things and persons that they are talking
about?
总结先行词指事物只用which引导的情况？？
例句：
1. Wuhan is a big city, which has more than 10 million people.
2. This is the school in which I once studied.
一.定语从句中只能用that 引导的情况
1.当先行词是everything, anything, nothing，something,
all, none, few, little, some等不定代词时，或当先行词被
every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等代词修饰或限
制时。如：All that can be done has been done.
注意：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可用关系代词who，如：
Any man that / who has a sense of duty won’t do such a
thing.
2.当先行词被序数词修饰时。如：The first place that they
visited in London was the Big Ben.
3.当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。如：This is the best
film that I have ever seen.
4.当先行词被the very, the only，the same, the last修饰时。
如：After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing
that he owns.
He is the only person that I want to talk with. 注意：当先行
词指人时，偶尔也可用关系代词who。如：Wang Hua is
the only person in our school who will attend the meeting.
5.当先行词前面有who, which等疑问代词时用that，以避
免重复。如：Who is the man that is standing by the gate?
6.当先行词既有人又有物时。如：They talked about the
persons and things that they remembered at school.
二.定语从句中只能用which 引导的情况1.关系代词
前有介词时且指事物时I’m looking for a box in which I can
put all these apples.
2.先行词本身就是that时We don’t like that which he did.
3.非限制性定语从句中
Eating fruit and vegetables is good for our health, which is
known to us .
4.先行词后面有插入语时
Here is the English grammar book which, as I've
told you, will help you improve your English.
三.定语从句中，谓语动词的单复数1.在“one of +复
数名词+定语从句”的结构中，定语从句的先行词通常是这
个“复数名词”，因此从句的谓语用复数形式。This is one
of the best novels that have appeared this year .
He was one of the boys who were praised .
2.在“……one+定语从句”的结构中，若“one”前加“this,
the ,the only”等时，定语从句的关系词指代one，作从句
主语时，接单数谓语。He was the only one of the boys who
was praised .
定语从句难点
介词+关系代词引导定语从句
(1)Is this the house in which Shakespeare was born?
(2)He paid the boy 10 dollars for washing ten windows, most of
which hadn’t been cleaned for at least a year.
(3)In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person to whom she could
turn for help.
地点介词in/at/on.. + which = Where
时间介词in/on/during…+ which = when
原因介词for + which = why
1. Many young people, most of _________ were well－educated
，headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.
2. Scientists have advanced many theories about why human
beings cry tears, none of ________ has been proved.
3. He wrote many children's books, nearly half of ________ were
published in the 1990s.
4. Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon
________ school education depends.which
which
which
whom
As引导的定语从句
1. As is known to all, Beijing is the capital of China.
2. Your request, as I mentioned above, will be discussed in the
next meeting.
3. I have never heard such stories as he tells.
4. She is just the same person as she used to be.
含义 搭配 从句位置
正如 The same…as…
Such…as…
主句前
主句中
主句后
1. The number of smokers, ________ is reported, has
dropped by 17 percent in just one year.
2. You should show the same respect to my wife
______ you showed to me yesterday.
as
as
Way作先行词
way 作主语或宾语
1. I can’t understand the way that/which/省略 our math teacher
teaches us.
2. Our English teacher teaches us a good way that/which is very
helpful to learn English.
Way 作状语
This is the way that/in which/省略 we solve the problem.
way 做先行词
1.The reason ___________ he didn’t tell us is
that he had to look after his baby sister
yesterday.
2.Do you know the reason he was late?
that/which
why
Whose引导的定语从句
1. This is the scientist whose achievement are well
known.
2. I’d like to book a room whose windows face
towards the sea.
3. Fortunately, Doc. John agreed to help us to solve
the problem, without whose help we can’t make it.
Whose 某人或某个东西的，充当定语（所属关系）
EXERCISE
1. Simon is a comedian and actor ________has 10 years’ experience
of teaching comedy.
2. Frank Hurley, a confident and gifted Australian photographer
who knew the Antarctic, was hired to make the images, most of
_______ have never before been published.
3. I live next door to a couple ________ children often make a lot of
noise.
4. I prefer to work in black and white, ________ allows me to show
different specific worlds more clearly.
who
which
whose
which
5. The exact year _____________ Angela and her family spent
together in China was 2008.
6. As the smallest child of his family，Alex is always longing for
the time ________he should be able to be independent.
7. The book has helped me greatly in my daily communication，
especially at work ________ a good impression is a must.
8. Students should involve themselves in community activities
________ they can gain experience for growth.
EXERCISE
that/which
when
where
where
9. Until now，we have raised 50,000 pounds for the poor children
，
________ is quite unexpected.
10. He worked in a car factory for four years，after ________ he
founded his own company in his hometown.
11. Prince William took a visit to the Forbidden City on Feb.28，
________emperors once lived.
12. The lazy boy is expecting a way in ________ he can get through
the exams without hard work.
EXERCISE
which
which
where
which
定
语
从
句
的
引
导
词
关系
代词
关系
副词
指人
指物
who(主语、宾语)whom(宾语)，
Which (主语、宾语)
where (地点状语)
when (时间状语)
why (原因状语)
人和
物
that（主语，宾语，表语）
whose（定语）as（主宾表）
Summary
语法填空练习
1.People take physical exercise live longer.
2.His daughter, is in Boston now, is
coming home next week.
3.The work has just been finished is very
important.
4.The book, I bought yesterday, is very
instructive.
5.I know a foreigner is from Japan.
6.This is the pen I wrote the letter with.
who
who
which
which
who
which
7.She is the girl lives next door.
8.The people we met in France have
sent us a card.
9.I happened to meet the professor I got
to know at a party in the shopping center
yesterday.
10.This is the scientist achievements
are well-known.
11.This is the house window broke
last night.
who
who
whom
whose
whose
12.I still remember the day I first came
to Beijing.
13.Can you tell me the office he works?
14.Do you know the reason he was late?
15.They have reached the point they
have to separate from each other.
16.We have found such materials are
used in their factory.
when
where
why
where
as
17.These houses are sold at such a low
price people expected.
18.He is not the same man he was.
19. everybody knows, Shakespeare is a
famous writer.
20.In the dark street, there wasn't a single
person, to she could turn for help.
21.Here are the questions, some of I
think are difficult for you.
as
as
As
whom
which
22.I bought a great many books, on I spent all
my money that I saved.
23.I'll never forget the time during I spent my
childhood in the country.
24.She showed the visitors around the museum, the
construction of had taken more than three years.
25.The colorless gas without we cannot live is
called oxygen.
which
which
which
which
26.Do you still remember the days we spent
in Qingdao?
27.Do you still remember the days we spent
the summer holidays in Qingdao?
28.Do you have anything you want to say for
yourself?
29.The only thing we can do is (to)give you
some money.
30.This is the best way has been used against
pollution.
(that/whi
ch)
when
that
that
that
31.This train is the first(one) will go to Suzhou.
32.Do you know the things and persons they
are talking about?
33.He passed the exam, made his parents
very happy.
34.This is the house in Lu Xun once lived.
35.Here is the English grammar book , as
I've told you, will help you improve your English.
36.What's that flashed through the sky just
now?
that
that
which
which
which
which
1.There are many reasons people want to
engage in voluntourism.
2.Students should involve themselves in community
activities they can gain experience for growth.
3.The exact year Angela and her family spent
together in China was 2008.
4.I am looking forward to the day my daughter
can read this book and know my feelings for her.
5.Please send us all the information you have
about the candidate for the position.
6.A company profits from home markets are
declining may seek opportunities abroad.
why
where
which/tha
t
when
that
whose
7.We'll reach the sales targets in a month
we set at the beginning of the year.
8.The book has helped me greatly in my daily
communication,especially at work a good
impression is a must.
9.I didn't become a serious climber until the fifth
grade, I went up to rescue a kite that was stuck
in the branches of a tree.
10.No one had tried to understand what the real
problem was except the headmaster, helped
me out simply by listening and hugging.
which/that
where
whe
n
who
11.In the past few years, more than half of the bookstores in
China have closed down, is the result of the
competition with online bookstores.
12.In 1984,Dr. Mary Groda-Lewis, was thirty-five
years old then, graduated with honors and realized her dream.
13.He said, “...I added a small moustache, would add
age without hiding my expression.”
14.Our office wasn't far from Chinatown, I found
some very good Chinese restaurants.
15.As more and more people own private cars, parking has
become a big headache for many car owners, especially for
those live in downtown areas without enough parking
spaces.
which
who
which
where
who
写作练习
1.You are particularly welcome to show up on
stage, (这
一定会给我们的节日增添色彩和乐趣).
2.The participants will be seated in the
playground at 8 a.m. next Saturday,
(那
时将会举行开幕式).
3.Bear in mind that you had better arrive
punctually or some time earlier than the
appointed time, (这
对表现你的礼貌意义重大).
which will definitely add color and fun to our
festival
when the opening ceremony will be
conducted
which is of great significance to
show your politeness
4.A wide range of sports events are able to be
held, (其
中乒乓球和足球非常受欢迎).
5.I am writing to inform you of our course
schedule of our next class,
(它与唐诗有关).
6.Team members need to receive training after
school every day and are often offered
opportunities to watch table tennis competitions,
(这对我们益处最大
).
of which ping-pong and football enjoy great
popularity
which is about Tang
poetry
which benefits us most
7.There are many reasons (为
什么我最喜欢春天), the most romantic one of
which is that it is comfortable for me to walk in
the rain in spring.
8.我是李华,一个正在伦敦学习的中国学生。
9.在那之后,你可以去上海,在那里你可以待一个
星期。
10.众所周知,音乐可以影响我们的情绪、思想和
行为。
why I like spring
best
I am Li Hua, a student from China who is studying
in London now.
After that, you can go to Shanghai, where you can
stay for a week.
As is known to us all, music can influence
our emotions, thoughts and behaviors.
Hi! Tom,
Nice to read your e-mail today. I notice you've begun to use
Chinese idioms and used most of them correctly.
However, I'm afraid there is 1 (一个我想指出来的错误).
It is the idiom “无所不为” 2 (它的意思是“做各种各样的
坏事”). Are you doing all kinds of bad things at home? I
guess the idea 3 (你真正想说的)is that you've got nothing
to do these days.In that case,you should use “无所事事”. We
usually use “无所不为” to express the idea that people dare
to do anything bad,and “无所事事” to describe the situation
4 (人们没有有意义的事情可做).Have I made myself clear?
Anyway, I'm amazed at the progress 5 (你已经取得的).
Hope you'll find a job soon.
Hi! Tom,
Nice to read your e-mail today. I notice you've begun
to use Chinese idioms and used most of them
correctly.
However, I'm afraid there is 1 (一个我想指出
来的错误).It is the idiom “无所不为” 2 (它的
意思是“做各种各样的坏事”).
1.one mistake (that/which)I'd like to point out
2.which means “do all kinds of bad things”
Are you doing all kinds of bad things at home? I
guess the idea 3 (你真正想说的)is that you've got
nothing to do these days.In that case,you should use “
无所事事”. We usually use “无所不为” to express
the idea that people dare to do anything bad,and “无
所事事” to describe the situation 4 (人们没有有意
义的事情可做).Have I made myself clear?
3.(that) you were really trying to say
4.where/in which people have got nothing meaningful
to do
Anyway, I'm amazed at the progress 5 (你已经
取得的).
Hope you'll find a job soon.
5.(that/which) you've made
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