高中英语语法 名词性从句(共42张PPT)

1 高中英语语法 名词性从句 01 02 名词性从句的种类 主语从句| 宾语从句 | 表语从句 | 同位语从句 主要引导词的用法归纳 1. that引导的名词性从句 | 2. whether与if引导名 词性从句时的区别 | 3. 连接代词what，whatever ，who，whoever，whom，whose，which等引导 的名词性从句 | 4.连接副词when，where，why ，how引导的名词性从句 I. 单句语法填空 II. 单句改错 III. 翻译句子 IV. 语法填空 V. 短文改错 03 针对训练2 在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫做名词性从句。它包括主语从句、宾语 从句、表语从句和同位语从句。 引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类： 1．连接词： that，whether，if (不充当从句的任何成分) 2．连接代词：what，whatever，who，whoever，whom， whomever，whose，which，whichever 3．连接副词：when，where，how，why3 问题诊断4 •1．I’m not sure ______ is more frightened，me or the female gorilla(大猩猩) that suddenly appears out of nowhere.(2018•全国卷Ⅲ) •2．As natural architects，the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly ______ thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.(全国卷Ⅱ) •3．I didn’t understand ______ this would happen and my credit card had already been charged for the reservation.(广东高考) •4. ______the earth goes around the sun is known to us all. who how why That5 •5．My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that I live. (2016•全国卷Ⅰ) • that­­where •6．After looking at the toy for some time，he turned around and found where his parents were missing. (2015•全国卷Ⅱ) •where→that或去掉where •7. I was in such a hurry that I paid no attention to if the milk was hot or not. •if­­whether6 名词性从句的种类7 1．主语从句 在复合句中充当主语的从句叫主语从句。 That you didn't know the rules won't be an excuse for your failure. 你不知道规则不能成为你失败的借口。 Whether we should help up a fallen old person or not remains a heated topic in China. 我们是否应该帮忙扶起一个摔倒的老人在中国仍然是一个热门话题。 When the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather. 那架延误的班机什么时候起飞在很大程度上取决于天气。8 1．主语从句 　有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句 置于句末。主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。常用句型如下： It’s no wonder that he didn’t want to go. It is clear that the two countries can reach an agreement at the conference. It is well­known that the Chinese government has spared no effort to protect people from fake food. It suddenly occurred to her that Joe was afraid of being alone. 看句子，找规律 (1)It＋be ＋名词＋that从句 (2)It＋be ＋形容词＋that从句 (3)It＋be＋动词的过去分词＋that从句 (4)It＋不及物动词＋that 从句9 • [名师指津] •1. It＋be＋形容词(necessary，important，natural， strange等)＋that从句中, 从句谓语应用“(should＋) 动词原形 •2. 在“It＋be＋suggested/ advised/ ordered/ requested/ insisted/ required...＋that从句”结构中， 从句谓语应用“(should＋)动词原形”。 •To master Mandarin，it is suggested that you (should) practice with Chinese people.10 2．宾语从句 在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句叫宾语从句，位于及物动词(短语)、介 词或形容词之后。 We must never think (that) we are good in everything while others are good in nothing. 我们决不能认为自己什么都好，别人什么都不好。 Everything depends on whether we have enough money. 一切要看我们是否有足够的钱。 She will give whoever needs help a warm support. 凡需要帮助的人，她都会给予热情的支持。11 2．宾语从句 　在可以接复合宾语的动词之后，如 think , find , make ,feel, believe, consider 等，可以用it作形式宾语。 6123 句式 He has made it clear that he will not give in. 他不会屈服的，这一点他已明确表示了。12 3．表语从句 在复合句中作表语的从句叫表语从句。引导表语从句的关联词与引 导主语从句的关联词大致一样，表语从句位于连系动词后，有时用 as if，because等引导。其基本结构为：主语＋系动词＋从句。 The fact is that we have lost the game. 事实是我们已经输了这场比赛。 That is why he didn't come to the meeting. 那就是他为什么不到会的原因。 It looks as if it is going to rain. 看上去天要下雨了。13 3．表语从句 　当主语是reason时，表语从句要用______引导而不是 _________。 The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning. 他迟到的原因是，今天早晨他晚了一分钟而错过 了火车。 that because14 4．同位语从句 同位语从句说明其前面的名词的具体内容。同位语从句通常由that 引导，也可由其他连接代词或连接副词引导，可用于同位语从句的 名词有：advice，demand，doubt，fact，hope，idea， information，message，news，order，problem，promise， question，request，suggestion，truth，wish，word等。 The news that we won the game excited all of us. 我们赢得这场比赛的消息让我们每个人都很激动。 I have no idea when he will come back home. 我不知道他什么时候回家。15 4．同位语从句 　同位语从句和定语从句的区别： (1)意义不同：同位语从句是跟在一个抽象名词之后，对该名 词的具体内容作进一步解释说明；而定语从句在复合句中作定 语，对前面名词进行修饰、限制。 (2)连接词用法不同：that作为关系代词，可以引导定语从句， 充当句子成分，在从句中作宾语时可以省略； that引导同位 语从句时，只起连词的作用，没有实际意义，不充当句子成分， 一般不能省略。 试比较：16 4．同位语从句 I had no idea that you were here. (that引导同位语从句，不能省略) Have you got the idea (that) this book gives you of life in ancient Greece？ (that引导定语从句，作宾语，可以省略)17 同位语从句 定语从句 引导词that只起连接的作用不充 当句子成分 引导词that除了引导句子外还充当一定 的句子成分（主语或宾语） 同位语从句与前面的名词是同位 关系表示这个名词的内容 定语从句对先行词起修饰作用，表示 “…的”。 同位语从句的先行词是fact, news, promise, truth, belief, thought, idea, answer, 等抽象名 词 定语从句的先行词可以是任何名词 （或代词） 同位语从句的that 不能省略 而定语从句中的关系代词that，当其在 从句中做宾语时，常省略18 名词性从句主要引导词的用法归纳注意：名词性从句解题步骤： 1.首先根据从句在整个句子中的作用确定是四种名词性从句 中的哪一种。 2.划分从句的句子成分，理解句意，根据语法规则选择正确 的连接词。 (1)当名词性从句中缺少主语、宾语或表语时，使用连接代词。 (2)当名词性从句中主干齐全，根据句意判断出缺少状语时， 使用连接副词。 (3)当名词性从句主干齐全，又不缺少状语时，使用从属连接 词引导。 审题要诀20 1．that引导的名词性从句 It is obvious to the students that they should get well prepared for their future. Experts believe (that) people can waste less food by shopping only when it is necessary. My decision is that all of us are to start at 6 o'clock tomorrow morning. (表语从句) I made a promise to myself that this year，my first year in high school ，would be different. 连词that在引导名词性从句时本身_________，在从句中________ 任何句子成 分，但引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句时____________。在宾语从句中 有时___________。 (宾语从句) (同位语从句) (主语从句，it作形式主语) 没有意义 不担任 不能省略 可以省略21 •What or that? •1. The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief _______you are better than anyone else on the sports field. •2. _________ we may find interesting is that it usually takes more words to be polite. •3.By chance，the professor knew ________ the student complained about. •4. I don't like rock music. One reason is ________ it is too noisy. that What what that22 1.用that 或what 填空 •1. I wonder if this is ______you are looking for. •2. Our school is quite different from _______ it was before. •3. Father made a promise ______ if I passed the examination he would buy me a computer. what what that23 提醒： 1.that与what引导名词性从句的区别： 引导名词性从句时，that没有词义，在从句中不作任何 成分。当从句意义完整，不缺任何成分时，往往选用 that； 而 what引 导 名 词 性 从 句 时 ， 意 为 “什 么 ”或 “……的”，在从句中用来作主语、表语或宾语。24 2．whether与if引导名词性从句时的区别 在主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中只能用 __________， 不能用 _____。 01 __________ the meeting will be put off has not been decided yet. The trouble is _________ he can come on time. The question __________ he will go with us is still unknown. whether if Whether whether whether25 2．whether与if引导名词性从句时的区别 在宾语从句中whether和if一般可以互换，但：02 It all depends on whether he will recover. I don't know whether he will take part in the meeting or not. They don’t know whether to go there. We are now discussing whether the question can be worked out. (1)作介词宾语时连接词一般用whether。 (2)后面直接跟or not时用whether。 (3) 动词不定式前只能用whether (4) discuss后只能用whether 26 3．连接代词what，whatever，who，whoever，whom， whose，which等引导的名词性从句 what引导的名词性从句，在功能上相当于一个名词，常译作“…的 事/话/地方/时间/…”，可以作主语、宾语、表语和同位语。 01 What impressed me most was the beauty of the city.给 我印象最深刻的是这座城市的美。 You can choose whatever you like in the supermarket. 在这家超市，你可以选择你喜欢的任何东西。27 3．连接代词what，whatever，who，whoever，whom，whose，which等引导的 名词性从句 who，whom，whose，which，whoever， whatever等引导的名词性从句 02 His father doesn't care about which university he will go to. 他父亲不在乎他上哪一所大学。 Whoever wants to stay in a hotel has to pay their own way. 任何一个想要住旅店的人都必须自己付钱。 You can choose whatever you like in the supermarket. 在这家超市，你可以选择你喜欢的任何东西。28 选择填空（what, whatever, who, whoever) •1. She would tell him _______ news she got. •2. _______we need is more time. •3.She didn’t tell me _______ made the long distance call to me. •4._________ breaks the law will be punished. whatever What who Whoever29 • ___________________等引导的名词性从句不含有疑 问意义，含有“无论，不管”的含义 •____________________等引导的名词性从句常含有疑 问意义。 亲爱的学生请你来归纳 who, whoever /what, whatever ? whoever, whatever who, what 30 4．连接副词when，where，why，how引导的名词性从句 It makes no difference where we shall have the meeting. 我们在哪儿开会都无所谓。 I have no idea how I can get to the railway station. 我不知道怎样才能到火车站。 That's why I want you to work there. 那就是我要你在那儿工作的原因。 这几个连接词不但起连接作用，也在从句中作状语，表示时间、地点、 原因和方式。3132 Ⅰ. 单句语法填空 1. I’m not sure ________ is more frightened，me or the female gorilla (大猩猩) that suddenly appears out of nowhere.(2018·全国卷Ⅲ) 2．She asked me ____________ I had returned the books to the library, and I admitted that I hadn't.(2017·天津卷) 3．Every year， ____________ makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.(2017·北京卷) 4．Jane moved aimlessly down the tree­lined street, not knowing ____________ she was heading.(2017·北京卷) 5．We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to $20，half of ___________ it used to charge.(2017·江苏卷) whether whoever where what who33 Ⅰ. 用适当的连词填空 6．As natural architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly _________ thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.(全国卷Ⅱ) 7．New wireless technology has solved that problem and the hope is _________soon you won’t even have to think about charging your mobile devices.(2019·衡水模拟) 8． patients take is decoction (煎汁) of the herbs.(2019·河南八市联考) 9．The words “Just Married” are painted on the trunk or back window to tell people __________ they are married.(2019·巢湖模拟 ). 10．The following was he had seen.(2019·银川模拟)_ how that What that what 34 Ⅰ. 用适当的连词填空 11．Finally，a woman with a tray full of food sat down opposite him and informed him _______________ the cafeteria worked.(2019·莆田模拟) 12．I wonder first of all what they want，and then wonder _______________ they are so eager to accept advice themselves.(2019·模拟) 13．Remember that true power is not necessarily control over situations，but the ability to deal with _______________ comes your way.(2019·南昌模拟) 14．They never get angry and are always kind to the students. That’s _______________ the children can always get on well with their robot teachers.(2019·齐齐哈尔模拟) 15． We don’t respect _____________ we think is better than us; we don’t respect poor and old people，or we don’t respect who we feel is less better than us.(2019·南昌 模拟) how if/whether whatever why who 35 Ⅱ. 单句改错 1．My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that I live.(全国卷Ⅰ) 2．It’s good for us to eat which are rich in vitamins and minerals every day，that is， some fresh vegetables and fruit. 3．Whenever I want to see it，that I must do is to close my eyes，and it will appear in front of me. (2019·郑州模拟) 4．I have the confidence what you can learn how to make Chinese knots.(2019·许昌模拟) 5．The reason why I didn't go to Shanghai was because I got a new job. where what what that that36 Ⅱ. 单句改错 6．The good news is whether there’ll be a men’s basketball match between China and Korea at the stadium of our city this Sunday.(2019·舒兰模拟) 7．They came to the conclusion whether not all things can be done by a computer. 8．How I do every day is to listen to lectures，take notes and do my homework，which seems to be endless.(2019·辽源模拟) 9．To make matters worse，I had to share a double room with someone I did not know ，despite the fact I had paid for a single room.(2019·襄阳模拟) 10．We must find out where Karl is coming，so we can book a room for him.(2019·牡丹 江模拟) that that What that when37 Ⅲ. 翻译句子 1．已经定下来了，会议推迟到了下周一。(主语从句) 2．我并不知道他是否参加音乐会。(宾语从句) 3．问题是值不值得试一试。(表语从句) It is decided that the meeting has been put off till next Monday. I didn't know whether/if he would attend the concert. The question is whether it is worth trying.38 Ⅲ. 翻译句子 4．他们赢得比赛的消息很快就传遍了整个学校。(同位语从句) 5．他没来公司的原因是他生病了。(表语从句) 6．我们必须尽力完成老师交给我们的任务。(宾语从句) The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school. The reason why he didn't come to the company was that he was ill. We must try to finish what the teacher told us to do.39 Ⅳ. 语法填空 (2019·模拟)Canadians and Americans eat somewhat differently. Some Canadians use tableware as Americans do，while some like the tableware of the British Isles， Ireland and the Commonwealth of Nations; but most Canadians use a 1. (combine) of the two styles. Canadians tend 2. (use) the simpler British，Irish and Commonwealth style when cutting food. The right hand cuts with a knife，while the left holds 3. is being cut with a fork. Then the left hand，use 4.________ fork to lift the cut food directly into the mouth. In contrast，most Americans will exchange the knife and fork before combination to use what the40 Ⅳ. 语法填空 5.________(lift) cut food to their mouths，which is 6.________ (true) embarrassing.In the most cases，Americans use forks 7.________ (hold) in their right hands to bring all food to their mouths，whether or not it needs to be cut.Most Canadians use the American style 8.________ food that does not need to be cut. Each of these styles 9. (be) acceptable in both countries.However，you will be less 10. (attract) by using the American style in the United States，as most Americans are not as used to different cultures as Canadians are. lifting truly held for is attractive41 Ⅴ. 短文改错 This winter vacation I went to Dunhuang to explore the Silk Road with my classmates. When we got off the train，we were all excited and attracted by which we saw. The next day，we visit the Mogao Caves. Impressing by the great construction，we took many photos. A guide introduced the wall paintings to me. With curiosity，we listened attentive，asking questions and taking note. The camel ride on the third day was the most excited part of our tour. Looking far into the desert，I pictured that how ancient Chinese travelled along the long route. Before leaving，we took a group photo and to memorize the tour along the Silk Road. what visited Impressed us attentively notes exciting42 Ⅴ. 短文改错 The trip ended，but my interest keeps growing and I'm longing to seeing more sites along the Silk Road. see