状语及状语从句Ⅰ.状语
1.概念：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子
成分叫作状语。
2.功能：一般表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、原因、条件、让步、方式、
程度等意义。
3.充当状语的词：状语可由副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词、状语从句
等充当。4.位置：(1)通常在句子基本结构后，强调时放在句首；
(2)修饰形容词或副词时，通常位于被修饰词之前；
(3)表示时间、地点、目的的状语一般位于句子两头，强调时
放在句首，地点状语一般放在时间状语之前；
(4)一些表示频度的副词(如often，almost等)作状语通常位于be
动词、助动词、情态动词之后、实义动词之前。He did his homework carefully.(副词作状语)
他认真地做了作业。
She goes out to do some shopping on Sunday.(介词短语作状语)
她星期天出去购物。
Feeling tired，he went to bed without supper.(非谓语动词作状语)
他感到很累，没吃晚饭就上床睡觉了。一、时间状语从句
1. when，while，as引导的时间状语从句。
引导词 用 法
when
既可以表示在某一时间点，又可表示在某一段时间内，主
句与从句的动作或事情可以同时发生，也可以先后发生,从
句中的动词一般要用延续性动词或非延续性动词。
while
while表示“当······的时候”或“在某一段时间里”。主
句中的动作或事情在从句中的动作或事情的进展过程中发
生，从句中的动词一般要用延续性动词。
as
as表示“当······的时候”，往往和when/while通用，但
它着重强调主句与从句的动作或事情同时或几乎同时发生，
可以译为“随着”、“一边······一边······”,从句中的动
词一般要用延续性动词。。一、时间状语从句
when，while，as引导的时间状语从句。01
When he knocked at the door，I was working at the table.
Mary made coffee while her guests were having their meal.
As the time went on，the weather got worse.
When/while I was reading, he came in.
The students sang as they walked.注意: 几种常用when的句型:
be doing sth. when…
be about to do sth. when…
be on the point of doing sth. when…
had done …when…1. When he _____ (come) back, please tell him to meet me at my office.comes
2. I will tell him when she _______back.
3. I would tell him when she ______back.
comes
came
特别提醒:
时间状语从句中用一般现在时代替一般将来时,用一般过
去时代替过去将来时一、时间状语从句
before和since引导的时间状语从句。02
He went off before I could say goodbye.
我没来得及和他说再见，他就走了。
He had worked in the factory for ten years before he retired.
他在这个工厂工作了十年之后退休了。
John thinks it won't be long before he is ready for his new job.
约翰认为不久他就能为他的新工作做好准备。
(1)before表示“在······之前；还未······就······；还没来得及······就······”。常用于以下
句型：
It will be＋一段时间＋before... 多久之后才······
It won't be long before... 不久之后就······
It was＋一段时间＋before... 过了多久才······一、时间状语从句
before和since引导的时间状语从句。02
I have heard a lot of good things about you since I came
back from abroad.
自从我从国外回来，我就听说了很多关于你的好事。
(2)since表示“自从······”，从句中常用一般过去时，主句常用现在完成
时。
since后若接延续性动词或表示状态的动词过去式则表示从since后面的动作
或状态结束到现在的时间。
It is ten years since they were married.
他们离婚十年了。一、时间状语从句
as soon as，the moment，the minute，the second，the instant
，immediately，directly，instantly，no sooner...than...，
hardly/scarcely...when...引导的时间状语从句。 一…就…
03
He jumped off the couch the moment the telephone rang.
电话一响，他就从沙发上跳起来了。
He had no sooner finished his speech than the students
started cheering. ＝No sooner had he finished his speech
than the students started cheering.
他刚完成演讲，学生们就开始欢呼起来。一、时间状语从句
every time，each time，next time，the first time引导的时间状语从
句。
04
Next time you go shopping，buy a few extra fruits and
vegetables.
下次你去买东西，多买点水果蔬菜。the morning，the day，the week，the month，the year等引导的
时间状语从句。05
He left Europe the year World War Ⅱ broke out.
第二次世界大战爆发那一年他离开了欧洲。一、时间状语从句
till和until引导的时间状语从句。06
Have you heard the meeting will be put off till/until next
Tuesday?
这个会议将被推迟到下周二，你有没有听说？
I didn't go to bed until/till my father came back.
直到我父亲回来我才上床睡觉。
如果主句中的谓语动词是瞬时动词时，必须用否定形式；如果
主句中的谓语动词是延续性动词时，则用肯定或否定形式都可
以，但表达的意思不同。二、地点状语从句
If you happen to get lost in the wild，you'd better stay where you
are and wait for help.
如果你碰巧在野外迷路了，你最好呆在原地等待帮助。
He determined to go wherever he was most needed.
他决定去最需要他的地方。
地点状语从句通常由连词where和wherever引导，从句可位于主句之
前，也可位于主句之后。
地点状语从句在句首时常兼有抽象条件意味。
Where there's a will，there's a way.
有志者，事竟成。三、条件状语从句
My parents don't mind what job I do as long as I am happy.
我的父母不在意我从事什么工作，只要我高兴就好。
You can go swimming on condition that you don't go too far from
the river bank. 只有不离河岸太远你才能下河游泳。
Suppose/Supposing(that) they refuse us，who else can we turn to
for help?
假如他们拒绝了我们，我们还可以求助谁？
条件状语从句的常见引导词有：if，unless (除非)，so/as long as (只要)，on
condition that (条件是)，if only (如果……就好了)，in case (万一，如果)，
suppose/supposing that/assuming that/provided that(假设，如果)等。
在条件状语从句中，常用一般现在时表示将来含义。
If everyone does his part，the project will surely be a success.
如果大家都尽责，这个项目肯定会成功。四、让步状语从句
although，though，while引导的让步状语从句。01
Though/Although/While a smart phone is a great help，we shouldn't spend too
much time on it. 尽管智能手机很有帮助，但我们不应该在它上面花太多时间。
as，though引导的让步状语从句需用部分倒装。02
Hot as/though the night air was，we slept deeply because we were so tired
after the long journey.在长途跋涉之后，尽管夜晚的空气很热，我们还是因为累睡得
很熟。even if/even though引导的让步状语从句。03
Even though the forest park is far away，a lot of tourists visit it
every year.
尽管森林公园很远，可是很多游客每年都来参观。总结 1.although，though，as与while引导的让步状语从句
(1)although引导让步状语从句时，只能用正常语序； though引导让步
状语从句时，可用正常语序，也可用倒装语序；as引导让步状语从句时
只能用倒装语序，即从句中的表语、状语或动词原形置于句首，若表
语是单数名词，前置时要省略冠词。
(2)although与though都可以与yet，still连用，但不能和but连用。
(3)while引导让步状语从句时，一般置于句首。as引导让步状语从句时从句部分语序要部分倒装。其结构为：
Young as he is, he can read and write in several foreign
languages.
特别注意：
Child as he was, he had to support the family.
（表语名词提前并常省去冠词）
n./adj./adv./v +as +主语＋谓语Although/Though he may be troubled，he always presents a calm smiling face.
尽管他可能会遇到麻烦，但他总是露出平静的微笑。
Much as/though I have traveled，I have never seen anyone who’s as capable as John.
虽然我已经去过很多地方，但我从未见过像约翰这么能干的人。
Child as/though he was，he helped me a lot.
尽管他是个孩子，他却帮了我很大的忙。
Try as/though he might, he could not open the door.
不管他怎样努力，他还是不能打开那个门。
While I admit that there are problems，I don’t agree that they cannot be solved.
尽管我承认有问题存在，但我不同意这些问题不能解决。 while用法的归纳
１．作并列连词，意为“然而，却”，表对比
He likes football while his brother likes basketball.
2. 引导时间状语从句
While he was doing his homework, his mother came in.
３.引导让步状语从句，表“虽然，尽管”，置于句首
While I admit his good points, I can see his shortcomings.四、让步状语从句
One can always manage to do more things，however/no matter how full one's
schedule is in life. 一个人总是能够设法做更多的事情，无论他生活中的时间安排得
有多满。
“疑问词＋ever”和“no matter＋疑问词”引导的让步状语从句，意为“
无论······”。
04
whether...or...引导的让步状语从句，意为“不论······还是······”，表示正反两
种情况都不会影响主句的意向或结果。
05
We'll go on with the work，whether we can find the necessary tools or we
cannot.
不管我们能否找到所需的工具，我们都要把这项工作做下去。五、原因状语从句
He was punished because he cheated in the final exam.
由于在期末考试中作弊，他受到了惩罚。
because译作“因为”，表示直接原因，语气较强，能回答由why提出的问句。
01
原因状语从句可由原因状语从句可由becausebecause，，asas，，sincesince，，now thatnow that，，in thatin that，，
considering (that), considering (that), seeing thatseeing that等词引导。等词引导。
as译作“由于”，语气较轻，常表示显而易见的原因；since (既然)，
now that (既然)，in that (因为)，considering (that)表示双方都知道
的原因，语气较弱。as，since和now that引导的从句多位于主句之前。
02
As he was very busy，we went to the cinema without him.
Now that you have got a job，you should learn to be independent of your parents.
既然你找到了一份工作，你应该学会独立不依靠父母。六、方式状语从句
We must do as the 19th CPC National Congress tells us
(to do)．
我们必须按照党的十九大的指示办事。
He jumped as if he had got the first place.
他跳了起来像得了一等奖一样。
引导方式状语从句的从属连词有as，as if，as though等。方式状
语从句应放在主句之后。其中as if或as though引导的从句常用虚
拟语气，但如果从句中所陈述的情况很可能实现，也可用陈述语
气。七、结果状语从句
引导结果状语从句的从属连词有：so...that...，
such...that...，so/such that...，其结构形式为：
so＋形容词/副词＋that从句
so＋形容词＋a/an＋可数名词单数＋that从句
so＋many/much/few/little（少）＋名词＋that从句
such＋a/an＋形容词＋可数名词单数＋that从句
such＋形容词＋可数名词复数/不可数名词＋that从句七、结果状语从句
It's such an important match that we can't miss it.
＝The match is so important that we can't miss it.
这次比赛非常重要，我们不能错过。
He is such a learned person that we admire him very much.
＝He is so learned a person that we admire him very much.
＝He is so learned that we admire him very much.
他如此有学问，以至于我们非常赞赏他。
It is such fine weather that we all want to go hiking.
天气如此晴朗，以至于我们都想去远足。
Yesterday Yang Cheng got up early so that she caught the
first bus.
昨天杨成起得很早，因此，她赶上了早班车。八、目的状语从句
in order that和so that引导的目的状语从句01
两个连词都意为两个连词都意为““以便以便············；为了；为了············””，它们引导的状语从句中常用，它们引导的状语从句中常用情态动词情态动词。。
He studies very hard so that/in order that he can be admitted into a key university
in the coming year. 他学习非常努力，为了能在来年考上重点大学。
for fear that，in case (that)，so that和lest引导的目的状语从句02
引导目的状语从句时，引导目的状语从句时，for fear thatfor fear that表示表示““害怕，担心某事会发生害怕，担心某事会发生””；；in case (that) / in case (that) /
lestlest表示表示““以防出现某种情况以防出现某种情况””。。
Please remind me to watch the TV program Growing tomorrow in case I
forget.
请提醒我明天看电视节目《成长》，以防我忘了。九.比较状语从句
引导词:as….as(和…一样), not as/so…as(不如), than
(比), the same as , the more…the more…(越…越…).
1.He works as hard as others( do).
2. The rode is not as/so long as that one.
3. We treat boys exactly the same as girls.
4. The sun is much bigger than the earth.
5. The more you eat, the fatter you will be.九
种
常
用
的
状
语
从
句
及
其
常
用
的
连
接
词
时间状语从句 when, while, as, before, after, as soon as, till, until,
not…until, the first/second…/last time, the moment, the minute, the
instant, immediately, directly, instantly, hardly…when, scarcely…when,
no sooner…than
where, wherever
because, since, as, now (that）, seeing that, considering
that
if, unless,so/as long as ，on condition that ，
if only ，in case ，suppose /supposing that/ assuming
that/provided that
although, though, even though/if, as, while, no
matter which/what/when/where/who/how, whichever,
wherever, whatever, whoever, whenever, however,
whether…or；
地点状语从句
原因状语从句
条件状语从句
让步状语从句九
种
常
用
的
状
语
从
句
及
其
常
用
的
连
接
词
结果状语从句 so that, so…that, such…that
so that, in order that, in case, for
fear that, lest
as, as if/as though
than, as…as, not so/as…as, the same as,
the +比较级…, the +比较级…
目的状语从句
方式状语从句
比较状语从句九
种
常
用
的
状
语
从
句
时间状语从句
地点状语从句
原因状语从句
条件状语从句
让步状语从句
结果状语从句
目的状语从句
方式状语从句
比较状语从句
状语从句有九种，
时地原因条状补，
目比结果方让步，
连词引导各不同；
主句通常前面走，
连词引导紧随后，
从句若在主前头，
主从之间有个逗。Ⅰ. 用适当的连词填空
1．____________________ birds use their feathers for flight, some of their feathers are
for other purposes.
2．If you don't understand something, you may research, study, and talk to other people
____________________ you figure it out.
3．Located ____________________ the Belt meets the Road, Jiangsu will contribute more
to the Belt and Road construction.
4．—Peter, please send us postcards ____________________ we'll know where you have
visited.
—No problem.
5．In much of Asia, especially the socalled “rice bowl” cultures of China, Japan, Korea,
____________________ Vietnam, food is usually eaten with chopsticks.
Although/Though/While
until/till
where
so
and Ⅰ. 用适当的连词填空
6．Over time, ____________________ the population grew, people began cutting food
into small pieces so it would cook more quickly.
7．All the classmates are friendly and kind, ____________________ you don't need to
worry about the difficulty.
8．These valuable natural resources will run out before long ____________________
better use is made of them.
9．Not ____________________ we succeed in letting wildlife live in peace，can we
smile in relief.
10．If you do as much as you can to build a network ____________________ you are
ready for a job，you will be more likely to succeed.
as/when
so
unless
until
when/before Ⅰ. 用适当的连词填空
11．Air pollution is getting more and more serious，so we must take action
____________________ it is too late.
12．In addition，forests have been decreasing rapidly ____________________ too
many trees have been cut down.
13．The explosion rocked the lake with such a force ____________________ dead fish
immediately began to surface
14．If the guests are seated at the table，the hosts may serve the food，or it may be
passed so ____________________ each person may help himself.
15．Well，I’m working on a huge assignment and ____________________ I don’t do
well，that will ruin my reputation as an excellent accountant！
before
because/as
that
that
if Ⅰ. 用适当的连词填空
16．Jack wasn't saying anything，but the teacher smiled at him
____________________ he had done something very clever.
17．Half an hour later，Lucy still couldn't get a taxi ____________________ the
bus had dropped her.
18． ____________________ the numbers of such developments are relatively
small，the potential market is large.
19． ____________________ you choose to settle down，you should attempt to
fit in with the local people.
20．Hard ____________________ my brother studied，he wasn't qualified
enough for a good university.
as if
where
While/Though/Although
Wherever
as/though Ⅱ. 单句改错
1．Before getting into the car, I thought I had learned the instructor's orders, so once I
started the car, my mind went blank
2．The games my parents taught me where I was a child turned out to be very useful
later in my life.
3．If we stay at home, it is comfortable but there is no need to spend money.
4．Write to me unless you have any questions about the schedule.
5．I was so tired when I fell into sleep directly I went to bed.
but/yet
and
if
that
when6．Luckily，he was the only one who finally got the job，so the manager decided to
give the job to whoever he believed was helpful.
7．Although history can't be changed，but lessons can be learned to face the future.
8．They said this was so a beautiful day that they would remember it forever
9．It’s good to arrive early so you can get settled after classes start.
10．Because the answer seemed a little strange，nobody but I doubted it.
Ⅱ. 单句改错
because
或but→yet
such
before
Although/ThoughⅢ. 翻译句子
1．如果你有问题，请告知我。
2．迈克是一个如此诚实的工人，以至于我们都相信他。
3．不久你就会为你的所作所为后悔的。
If you have any questions，please let me know.
Mike is such an honest worker that we all believe in him.
/Mike is so honest a worker that we all believe in him.
It will not be long before you regret for what you've
done.Ⅲ. 翻译句子
4．他不但是我的朋友，也是我的老师。
5．只要我们坚持梦想、永不放弃，我们一定会取得成功。
6．不管在生活中我们可能遇到多大的挑战，我们都应该勇敢面对。
He is not only my friend，but also my teacher.
So long as we hold fast to our ideals and never give up，we
are bound to achieve success.
However great a challenge we may meet in our life，
we should face it bravely.Ⅳ. 语法填空
One day，about ten years ago，while 1.________ (work) at the
cash register in the gift shop at my University Museum of Natural History，I saw an elderly
couple come in 2. a little girl in the wheelchair. As I looked closer at this girl，I
found that she 3. (fix) on her chair. I then realized she had no arms or legs，
just a head，a neck and her upper body，dressed in a little white skirt. As the couple
wheeled her up to me，I turned my head towards the girl. When I took the money from
her grandparents，I looked back at the girl，who was giving me the most optimistic smile
I had ever seen. All of 4.________ sudden，her handicap was 5.________(go) and all I saw
working
with
was fixed
a goneⅣ. 语法填空
was this beautiful girl，6.________ smile just melted me and almost instantly
gave me a completely new sense of 7.________ life is all about. She took me
from a poor，unhappy college student and 8. (bring) me into her
world: a world of smiles，love and 9.________ (warm)．
I’m a successful businessman now and 10. I think about the
troubles of the world，I think about that little girl and the remarkable lesson
about life that she taught me.
whose
what
brought
warmth
when/wheneverⅤ. 短文改错
Nowadays many people drive instead of taking a bus or walking to
work. It causes more traffic accidents. As the student，what can we do to guarantee our
safe？First of all，the traffic rules must be strict obeyed. When we cross streets，wait
until the traffic light turn green. Next，don’t forget walk on the pavement. Finally，I think
it very dangerously to wear headphones while walking or cycling. Since we can’t pay
enough attention on the traffic around us，so accidents may happen. Taking good care of
ourselves and don’t let our parents worry about them.
a
safety strictly
turns
dangerous
to Take
to
us
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