满分写作技巧-句式
句式高大上
我们来看下面这个句子的翻译:
越来越多的人开始骑自行车。
学沫版:More and more people begin to ride bikes.
学渣版:An increasing number of people begin to cycle.
伪学霸:Cycling attracts more and more people.
学霸版:Cycling is now adding its appeal for many citizens.
学神版:Cycling gains its popularity.
不同级别的同学对这个句子的不同表达,其实无形中就奠定了你的作文
分数。那么要如何写出精彩的句子,进而写出一篇优秀作文呢?首先,
我们要先弄清英语的基本句式,然后在其基础上进行优化,具体是如何
做呢?赶紧看看下面的方法吧!如何两步弄清英语句式?
英语句式组成成分
构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分,包括主语、谓语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、
状语、同位语
那么,这些成分的含义是什么呢?哪些词性的词可以充当呢?别急,我们一个个看。
1. 句子说明的人或事物为主语, 通常由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式、动
名词或从句担任。
The young should respect the old.(名词化的形容词作主语)
2. 谓语说明主语的动作、状态和特征。由动词担任。
The work will be done before two'clock. (由情态动词或助动词+动词/动词词组组成句子
谓语)
3. 放在系动词后的成分叫做表语, 表示主语的性质、状态和特征。通常由名词、代词、数
词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式、动名词、分词或从句等担任。
That remains a puzzle. (名词作表语)
英语句式组成成分
4. 宾语是动作的对象或承受者——及物动词或介词的宾语。通常由名词、代词、
数词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式、动名词、分词或从句等担任。
She didn't say anything. (代词作宾语)
5. 有些及物动词除了有一个直接宾语以外,还要有一个宾语补足语,说明宾语的
身份和状态以补充其意义不足,使句子的意义完整。 通常由名词、形容词、副词、
介词短语、动词不定式、分词等担任。宾语和宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语。
She asked me to lend her a hand.(带to不定式作宾补)
6. 定语是修饰或限制名词或代词的部分。通常由名词、数词、形容词、副词、介
词短语、动词不定式、分词、从句等担任。
There is a sleeping baby in bed.(现在分词作定语)
英语句式组成成分
7. 状语说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等。通
常由介词短语、动词不定式、从句等担任。
He studies hard to learn English well.(动词不定式作目的状语)
8. 一个名词(或其它形式)对另一个名词或代词进行修饰,限定或说明,这个名词就是同
位语。同位语与被它限定的词的格要一致,并常紧挨在一起。通常由名词、代词、数词、
从句等担任。
We Chinese peopleare brave and hardworking.(名词作同位语)
句式基本类型-主谓
1. 主语+谓语
★ 句式须知
在这种结构中,谓语一般由不及物动词或不及物动
词词组充当。例句如下:
Mrs. Black and her children talked and laughed.
布莱克夫人与和她的孩子们有说有笑。
句式基本类型-主系表
2. 主语+系动词+表语
★ 句式须知
主系表结构的关键在于系动词。换句话说,有系动词就有主系表!常见
的系动词有:
表示存在的系动词:be,prove;
表保持的系动词:remain,keep,stay,stand;
表变化的系动词:become,get,grow,turn,go,come,fall;
表感官的系动词:seem,appear,look,sound,smell,taste,feel等。
例句如下:
The city's walls remain as good as before.
这座城的城墙保存完好。
句式基本类型-主谓宾
3. 主语+谓语+宾语
★ 句式须知
这种结构中,谓语动词一般由及物动词或及物动词
词组充当。例句如下:
They are talking about a maths problem.
他们在讨论一个数学问题。
句式基本类型-主谓间宾直宾
4. 主语+谓语+间宾+直宾
★ 句式须知
直接宾语和间接宾语合称为双宾语。一般间接宾语为人,直接宾语
为物。常见的能够带双宾语的动词有:award,bring,hand,lend
,mail,offer,owe,pass,pay,post,read,return,send,sell
,buy,show,teach,tell,throw,write等。例句如下:
He offered me some coffee. = He offered some coffee to me.
他给我冲了杯咖啡。
句式基本类型-主谓宾宾补
5. 主语+谓语+宾语+宾补
★ 句式须知
宾语和宾语补足语合称为复合宾语。常见的带复合宾语结构的及物
动词有:find,get,have,hear,imagine,keep,make,notice
,see,let,smell,watch,allow,appoint,ask,believe,call
,catch,cause,consider,elect,expect,feel,force,know,
tell,want,wish等。例句如下:
I saw them crossing the street.
我看到他们正在穿过马路。
满分写作技巧
优化升级句型
方向一:越长越好
首先,咱们写句子的时候,要越长越好!高
中生了,不要总是:I am fine. I like it. I will
go. 之类的简单句,可以用,但千万不要全
篇都是如此,极易踩雷!咱们要在保证正确
的基础上,试着把两个或者三个、四个简单
句写成一个长句子,越长越好!那么该怎么
做呢?高中阶段,三大复合句,是你的首选!
1.定语从句,用起来!
The air is seriously polluted.
People breathe the air will easily get ill.
☛ People breathe the air which/that is seriously polluted will
easily get ill.
She is in a hopeless situation.
We will keep a very close eye on her.
☛ She is in a hopeless situation, where /in which we will keep
a very close eye on her.
2.名词性从句,用起来!
We cooperate well with one another and we will succeed,or
we failed.
☛ Whether we succeed or not mostly depends upon how well
we can cooperate with one another.
English is important.
It is an undoubted fact.
☛ That English is important is an undoubted fact.
3.状语从句,用起来!
I will lend you the book.
you return it on Monday.
☛ I will lend you the book on condition that you return it
on Monday.
It is fine weather.
We all want to go to the park.
☛ It is such fine weather that we all want to go to the
park.
方向二:越怪越好
写作文,句子越怪越好!大家注意了,这里说的怪,
绝不是那种“随性洒脱”毫无章法的句子。这里的“怪
”指的是区别于我们常见的基本句型和常规复合句,
在呈现形式上一反常态,给人一种很怪,但是又有
语法规则依据的句子,让人一看到有种不明觉历的
感觉!那么英语中,有哪些“怪”句子适合用于写作
中拿分呢?我们一起来看一下吧!
1.部分倒装
I have seldom met such a determined person in
all my life.
☛ Seldom in all my life have I met such a
determined person.
The bell hardly had rung when the class began.
☛ Hardly had the bell rung when the class
began.
2.全部倒装
A pine tree stands on the top of the hill.
☛ On the top of the hill stands a pine tree.
Then the day of his examination came.
☛ Then came the day of his examination.
3.强调句
He likes it very much.
☛ He does like it!
The small house was built with stone by his father
and hespent his childhood there.
☛ It was in the small house which was built with
stones by his father that he spent his childhood.
满分写作技巧-句式
避免常见错误
句子残缺
(✘)If no self-confidence, all our dreams will merely be daydreams.
(✔)If we had no self-confidence, all our dreams would merely be
daydreams.
(✔)When seen from the top of the mountain, the city looks so beautiful.
☛
解析:每一个主句都有主语和谓语(祈使句属于例外),每一个从句也有其
主语和谓语。要写出正确的句子,就要有应有的句子成分,第一个句子缺少
主谓,故是错误的。但是要注意,第三句中,后面是过去分词,此时可以同
时省略主语和be,句子正确。即-ed分词和-
ing分词充当状语时,可以直接跟在连词后面,不属于残缺的句子。
从句口语化
(✘)Secondly, you should join in discussions and slow your interest
in other's ideas. If you do this, you can get to know different people
and let them see you are easy-going.
(✔)Secondly, you should join in discussions and show your interest
in other's ideas in order that you can get to know different people
and let them see you are easy-going.
☛ 解析:写作时所写的英语是书面语,要避免使用 if you do so,because of
this,although you did that这种比较口语化的句子。表面看来,带有if you do
this之类的句子不是错误,但会使阅卷人认为作者的英语表述不够地道。若用适当的
连词将两个句子连接起来,便实现了句式的华丽变身,形成作文中的亮点。
误将with用作从属连词
(✘)With time goes by, we are growing taller and taller and we
must learn to be able persons.
(✔)As time goes by, we are growing taller and taller and we
must learn to be able persons.
☛
解析:表示“随着……”时,with是介词,后接复合宾语,即动词
的相应形式。as是从属连词,引导状语从句。所以,上例第一句可
更正为:With time going by,we are growing taller and taller
and we must learn to be able persons.
误用because构成独立句式
(✘)If you want to make friends with others, so you should remember
others' names.
(✔)If you want to make friends with others, you should remember others'
names.
☛ 解析:受中文思维的影响,学生写作时,很容易就会在含有because,if
的状语从句中误加连词so,或在含though,although的句子中误加连词but。因
为汉语连词常常成对出现,例如:如果…就…,因为…所以…,虽然…但是…。
但英语却不一样,除了not only…but
also…,either…or…,neither…nor..…等成对出现外,if、because、since、tho
ugh、although
等都只能独立引导状语从句,后面无需再加连词。但yet,still,already可以用
在含though,although的句子中。
如:Though she was busy with her work, yet she managed to find time to
stay with her family.
虽然她忙于工作,但她还是挤出时间与家人在一起。
混淆并列句与从句
(✘)Please don't throw litter everywhere, that will make our environment dirty.
(✔)Please don't throw litter everywhere, which will make our environment
dirty.
☛
解析:学生写作时,误以为逗号能连接两个并列句,并在后句用代词that代指前文内
容。这种写法是错误的。如上面第一个句子,其实是非限制性定语从句,修饰前面一
整句话,根据定语从句的基本用法可知,不能用that。两个并列句之间要么用分号隔
开,要么用and等来连接。所以,上例还可更正为:
(✔)Please don't throw litter everywhere; that will make our environment dirty.
(✔)Please don't throw litter everywhere, and that will make our environment
dirty.
定语从句叠加错误
(✘)We need to work hard to increase our math scores,which plays an
important role in the college entrance examination, without which we
can't go to a key university.
(✔)We need to work hard to increase our math scores,which plays an
important role in the college entrance examination, in order that / so
that we can go to a key university.
☛
解析:原则上一个先行词之后只接一个非限制性定语从句,关系紧密的对比
性定语从句例外。尽管在先行词和定语从句之间可以有一个如介词短语之类
的插入语,而构成分隔定语从句,如 Now children like to go to the fast
food restaurant, as the name says, where eating doesn't take much time.
但是不能无限制地叠加定语从句,致使后面定语从句与先行词相隔太远导致
句子结构紊乱。为了避免这类错误,最好将后一个定语从句调整成一个状语
从句或一个独立的句子。
误用关系词
(✘)There are 45 minutes in a lesson, which some of the
time the teacher speaks and some of the time we discuss.
(✔)There are 45 minutes in a lesson, some of which the
teacher speaks and some of which we discuss.
☛
解析:定语从句的关系词既能引导定语从句,又在定语从句中
充当一定的成分,所以在定语从句中不能重复出现引导词所代
替的内容。此时,可以直接用不定代词 + of +
which的结构。例句如:They produced two reports, neither
of which contained any useful suggestions.
误用从属连词
(✘)We should finish much homework, in case we canremember the
new knowledge.
(✔)We should finish much homework, in order that we can
remember the new knowledge.
(✔)We should finish much homework, in case we forgetthe new
knowledge.
☛ 解析:in
case引导目的状语从句或条件状语从句,意思是“万一”。上面第一个例
句,句子含义为“我们应当完成很多作业,万一我们会记住新知识”句
意不当,故学生在使用的时候,要注意理清句子含义,第一个例句想要
表达的应该是我们应该多做作业,才能记住新知识或者多做作业以免忘
记新知识。故以上第二和第三个例句才是正确的使用方式。
长句训练
1. 人们都相信,随着科技的进步,在月球上生活将不是一个梦
.(同位语从句)
2. 无论你喜欢哪一个,总会有适合你的主题公园。(用让
步状语从句) .
3. 封面是绿色的那本杂志属于我。(whose)
4. 他哥哥12岁前就已经被送到了美国.(by the time)
5. 我对这个我已经住了8年的城市很熟悉.(介词
+which/whom 引导的定语从句)
1. 答案
People believe in the idea that with the development of
technology, it will not be a dream to live on the moon.
2. 答案
Whichever or whatever you like, there is a theme park for you.
3. 答案
The magazine whose cover is green belongs to me.
4. 答案
By the time he was twelve,his brother had been sent to America.
5。答案
I am familiar with the city in which I have lived for eight years.