介词与介词短语高考怎么考？(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Modern methods ____________ tracking polar bear populations
have been employed only since the mid1980s, and are expensive to perform
consistently over a large area.
of/for
(2019·浙江6月高考)But can uniforms help improve school standards? The answer
________ this question is not clear.to
(2019·全国卷III) We were first greeted with the barking by a pack _________
dogs,
seven to be exact.
of
(2020年1月浙江卷）This aging of the population is driven two factors.by(2018·浙江6月高考)If you are not going to suffer this problem, then I suggest that
the next time you go to your mum's home ________ dinner, get a few cooking tips
from her.
for (2018·全国卷Ⅲ） I was searching _______these three western lowland
gorillas I’d been observing.
(2018全国卷I) While running regularly can’t make you live forever, the review
says it is more effective at lengthening life _____ walking, cycling or swimming.than
(2018全国卷II) Corn uses less water _____ rice and creates less fertilizer
runoff.
than
for (2017年新课标I）This trend, which was started by the medical community（医
学界) ______a method of fighting heart disease. as
(2017·全国卷Ⅲ) After school she plans to take a year off to model full-time
before going to university to get a degree_____ engineering or architecture. in
(2017年新课标II）It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to
avoid terrible crowds on the roads above as they travelled to and _____ work. from(2019全国卷II) 55. A. on purpose B. on time C. in turn D. in vain
(2018全国卷II) 60.A. on board B. in time C. for sure D. on purpose
意义 搭配我们怎么学？考点1. 表示时间的介词
含义与用法 常见搭配
at 表示时间点，在某时某
刻，泛指周末、圣诞节、
复活节等时，也用at。
at dawn/daybreak 在黎明时，at dusk 在傍晚，
at noon 在中午，at night 在夜间，
at midnight 在午夜，at Christmas 在圣诞节期间，
at the age of five 在五岁时
on 表示在具体的某一天、
星期几或某天的上午、
下午、晚上
on Sunday 在星期天，on Christmas Day 在圣诞节
in 表示时间段，在某世纪、
某年、某季度、某月以
及泛指的上午、下午、
晚上。
in the 21st century 在21世纪，
in the 1990s 在20世纪90年代
in winter 在冬季
in September 在九月
in the morning 在上午
1. at, on, in2. for, during, through
含义与用法 例句
for 后接一段时间，表示某事持续多久，
多与完成时连用。
She has been ill for several
days.
during 表示“在……期间”。 I went to France during the
summer vacation.
through 表示“一直……；自始至终”。 They worked hard through
the winter. 注意：for 和 since 都常与完成时连用，但 for 接时间段，since 接时间点。
如 for two hours (持续)两小时，since last week 从上周直到现在。
3. from, since
含义与用法 例句
from 表示时间的起点，可译作 “从……”，多
用于 from… to/till…结构中。
You can come any time
from Monday to
Friday.
since 表示“自从……以来(直到现在)” We have known each
other since ten years
ago.
Mr. Brown enjoyed the country life and lived there for almost fifteen years after
his retirement.布朗先生喜欢乡村生活，退休后他在那里生活了差不多15年。
Tom has been doing his homework since seven o'clock.
汤姆从7点开始就一直做他的家庭作业。4. before, by, till, until
含义 例句
before 表示“在……之前”，与 after 相对。 Please come before ten
o'clock.
by 表示“不迟于，到……时为止，在……以前”
。
其后接过去时间时，常与过去完成时连用；
后接将来时间时，常与将来完成时连用。
We had learned over
1,000 words by the end
of last term.
They will have finished
reading all these books
by the end of next
month.
till/until 表示“直到……为止”。在肯定句中，必须与
延续性动词连用；在否定句中，常与非延续
性动词连用。
You must wait for him
till/until tomorrow.
I didn't go to bed until
12 o'clock. 5. after, in
含义 例句
after 后可跟时间段，也可跟
时间点。
既可用于将来时，也可
用于过去时
My father will be back after three
o'clock.我父亲将在3点后回来。
My father came back after three
days/three days later.
我父亲是三天后回来的。
in in 后必须跟时间段；
表示“在……时间之后
”只能用于将来时。
My father will be back in three days.
我父亲将在三天以后回来。考点2. 表示方位的介词
介词 用法 例句
at
其后一般接较小的地点。接地
名时，常将此地视为空间的一
点
My elder sister lives at 105 Beijing Road.
我姐姐住在北京路105号。
on 表示两地接壤
Guangdong is on the southeast of Guangxi;
Fujian lies to the south of Jiangsu and all of
them are in China.
广东在广西的东南方向，福建在江苏南边，它
们都位于中国。
to 表示两地不接壤
in
其后一般接大地方或表示在某
个范围之内
1. at, on, to, in2. on, above, over, beneath, under, below3.along,through,across,over
介词 用法 例句
along
表示“沿着”某一路径
行进
I saw them running together along the
road yesterday.
昨天我看见他们沿着马路一起跑。
through
意为“穿过”，表示从
内部空间通过 The Great Wall winds its way from west
to east, across deserts, over mountains,
through valleys, till at last it reaches the
sea.
长城从西向东蜿蜒而行，横穿沙漠，越
过高山，穿过峡谷，最后抵达大海。
across
表示“横穿”，强调从
某一物体的表面通过
over
意为“越过”，表示从
……上方过去4.between,among
between 两者之间，“between…and”
among 在……之间（三者或三者以上）考点3. 表示工具、手段、方式的介词
含义 例句
by 表示用某种方法、手段或乘坐某种交
通工具。
Karen studies Chinese by
reading aloud in the morning.
in 表示用某种语言、材料、颜色、方式
等。
Can you write an essay in
English?
with 表示用有形的工具、身体部位或器官
等。
Remove the meat with a fork
and divide it into four pieces.
through 表示“通过，凭借”。 You can only achieve success
through hard work. Practice:
1. My father goes to school ______ bus. while I go to school _____ my bike.
But today I went to school ______ foot, for I had to have my bike repaired.
2.The artist wrote _____ ink.(= The artist wrote _____ a pen.)
3. As far as I know, workers are generally paid _________the month.
4. He broke the window __________ a stone.
by on
on
in with
by
with介词 意义 用法
except 除……外 指整体里面排除部分，其宾语为前面的整体概念词的同
类语(一类人或物)
except
for 除去细节 它所叙述的事实或细节部分地修正了句子的主要意思
but 除……之外
常与nobody, none, no one, nothing,
anything, all, who等连用，此时可与except换用。
后接名词、代词或不定式
besides 除……外(尚)有 相当于in addition to， what’s more
apart
from
除……(别无)，除
……外(尚)有 可用来替换besides, except, except for等
考点4.其他常考介词(短语）
1. except, except for , but, besides, apart from用except, except for , but, besides, apart from填空
1. He answered all the questions ___________ the last one.
除最后一个问题没有回答外，其余所有问题他都回答了。
2. No one ______________ Karl went there.除卡尔外，没有人去那里。
3. The composition is good ______________a few spelling mistakes.
这篇作文写得很好，只是有些拼写错误。
except
but
except for 含义 例句
反对；违背；与……相反 Are you for or against the plan?
你是赞成还是反对该计划？
触；碰；撞；紧靠；倚靠 Tired, Jim was fast asleep with his back against a big tree.
吉姆累了，背靠着一棵大树很快便睡着了。
与……竞争 We will be competing against the best companies in Europe.
我们将会和欧洲的顶级公司竞争。
防备，抵御 They took measures against the fire.
他们采取了防火措施。
以……为背景，衬托 The hill looks more beautiful against the blue sky.
在蓝天的映衬下，山峰更显美丽。
2. against含义 例句
超出；(指可能性、理解
力、能力等)非……可及
The whole problem was quite beyond him.
整个问题他根本无法理解。
(在空间上)在……的那
一边，远于
The airport is 20 miles beyond the town.
机场在离城镇二十英里外的地方。
(时间)晚于；迟于 The disco went on until beyond midnight.
迪斯科舞会一直持续到午夜以后。
3. beyond
beyond compare 无与伦比 beyond reach 够不到
beyond description 难以描述 beyond doubt 毫无疑问
beyond expression/words 难以言表含义 例句
和……一起，和， Put this bag with the others.把这个包和其他的包放在一起。
随着 Temperatures vary with the time of the year.温度随时节而变化。
具有，带有 The waiter arrived with a cup of coffee.服务员端着一杯咖啡来了。
4.with
with a smile 面带笑容 with confidence充满信心地
with delight 欣然，乐意地 with great care 非常小心
with patience耐心地,有忍耐力的 with pleasure 愉快地
with the purpose of 为了 together/along with 和……一起
without permission未经允许 without doubt 毫无疑问
with the help of /with one’s help 在……的帮助下with 复合结构
1.The murder was brought in, with his hands tied behind his back.
2. With a lot of homework to do , I had to stay up.5.常见含介词 to的短语
answer to…….的答案/回答
key to ……的答案/关键
reply to 回答
solution to 解决问题的方法
respond to 回答对…作出回应
turn a blind eye to对…视而不见
turn a deaf ear to 对…充耳不闻adjust to / apply to/adapt (oneself) to/适应 be adjusted to 适应
get down to 认真处理，着手做 be addicted to 沉溺于；对…上瘾
be opposed to 反对 object to反对；不喜欢；不赞成
contribute to对…作贡献；有助于 make contributions to对…作贡献
devote oneself to献身于；专心于 be devoted to 致力于；忠诚于
be admitted to 被…录取；准进入 be attached to附属于；喜欢；依恋
be / become / get accustomed to 习惯于 accustom oneself to 使自己习惯于
be / get / become used to 习惯于 be exposed to 暴露于；遭受
lead to 导致 look forward to 盼望
stick to 坚持 pay attention to 注意
see to 负责；注意 apply oneself to致力于
turn to转向；求助于 refer to 谈到；参考；查阅
when it comes to …当谈及……时
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