Unit 1
Grammar and usage
doing
v-ing
v-ed
非谓语动词
to do
主动语态 被动语态 用法
一般式
进行式
完成式
to do
to do to be done
to be doing
to have done to have been
done
表示动作将要发生或者
于谓语动作同时发生。
表示谓语动作发生时，
不定式动作正在进行。
表示动作发生在谓语动
作之前。
否定式： not to do
not not
not
not not
动
词
不
定
式
的
句
法
功
能
To have an ice cream is cool.
I want to see you this evening.
All you should do now is to
remember today’s lesson.
I want a pen to write with.
He lowered his head to sleep.
He asked his partner not to
copy the homework.
主语
宾语
表语
定语
状语
宾补
重点!
Remember them!
一、不定式做主语，一般用it当形式主语，
把作主语的不定式短语后置。
is impossible to finish the work
in a week.
To finish the work in a week is
impossible.
It
It’s + adj. of sb. to do sth.
It’s + adj. for sb. to do sth.
It’s kind you to help me.
It’s not easy you to finish the task.
of
for
It is no use crying over spilt milk.
It is of little good staying up too late
every day.
但在下列句型中常用-ing形式作主语。
It is/was
no use/good
not any use/good
of little use/good
useless
+doing sth.
注意
若主语和表语都是非谓语动词, 应保持
形式上的一致。
Seeing is believing.
To see is to believe.
眼见为实。
二、不定式做表语时，如果主语里含有实义
动词do的各种形式，那么不定式的to要省
略。
The only thing I can do is in bed.
我现在唯一能做的就是努力学习。
Her wish is a pop singer.
lie
to become
What I can do now is study hard.
三、 不定式后有adj./n.做宾补时，常把不
定式to do方后面，其位置用 it 代替。
think/ find/ feel/ consider/ mak
e/ regard…+ it + adj./n. + to do
They find it pleasant to work with him
. it to work
I think it my honor to be invited t
o speak here.
it to be invited
四、动词不定式与其所修饰的词之间往往
有动宾关系，如果该不定式是不及物动词，
或者该不定式本身有宾语，其后应有相应
的介词。
He is looking for a room to live.
She has a child to .
in.
她有一个小孩要照顾。
take care of.
◆something, anything, nothing, everything等
复合不定代词常用不定式做后置定语。
1) Have you anything to send?
你有什么东西要寄吗？
（不定式to send的动作执行者是you）
2) Have you anything to be sent?
你有什么要（我或别人）寄的东西吗？
（不定式to be sent的动作执行者是已
被省略的me或someone else）
注意比较
五、不带to的不定式作宾补
三
使
let
make
have
二听 listen to
hear
一感: feel
四
看
watch
see
observe
notice
I heard them sing a pop song .
The teacher made me answer the
question.
We watched them play football.
◆如果上述结构变为被动语态,不定式就由
原来的宾语补足语变为主语补足语,此时动
词(let, have无被动语态)后原来不带to的不
定式要加to。
He was seen to go upstairs.
He was made to do his work .
◆forget, remember, try, regret, mean, stop
等动词后既可跟to do又可跟doing，但是意义
不一样，须根据其习惯用法和语境进行取舍。
— The light in the office is still on.
— Oh, I forgot _______________ (turn) it off.to turn
1. go on to do
go on doing
2. stop to do
stop doing
3. remember to do
remember doing
4. can’t help to do
can’t help doing
5. forget to do
forget doing
6. regret to do
regret doing
7. try to do
try doing
8. mean to do
mean doing
接着做（另一件事)
继续做（同一件事）
停下来去做；
停止做
记住要做；
记得曾做过
帮不上忙；
情不自禁地做
忘记要做；
忘了曾经做过
很遗憾／抱歉地去做；
后悔做了
努力做；
试着做
打算做；
意味着做
六、介词except/ but 之后接不定式时，如果介
词前有实义动词do的各种形式则except/ but
后接不带to 的不定式；反之，如果except/
but前没有实义动词do，则不定式带to 。
Cai has no choice but the
homework.
Cai does nothing but every
day.
to do
does sleep
七、不定式的主要用法之一是在句中作状语，
表目的、原因、结果和条件
1) 表目的时放句首或者句末,常与in order to,
so as to 连用。
He got up early so as not to be late.
2) 表结果时，常跟only搭配，放句末用逗号隔开
He arrived at the airport, only to find
the plan had taken off.
注意
◆不定式做结果状语还有以下常用句型：
1、too + adj./adv. + to do sth.
2、n./adj./adv. + enough to do sth.
3、enough + n. + to do sth.
4、such + n. + as to do sth.
5、so + adj./adv. + as to do sth.
八、不定式的省略
(1).不定式中的动词上文已出现过,下文要
省略该动词。
--- Would you like to go with me ?
--- I’d like to .
(2). 不定式是to be 结构, be 不可省。
--- Would you like to be a teacher?
--- I’d like to be.
Put what you have learned into
practice!
1. — I’ll be away on a business trip. Would
you mind looking after my cat?
— Not at all, _______________.
A. I’ve no time B. I’d rather not
C. I’d like it D. I’d be happy to
2. Anxiously, she took the dress out of the
package and tried it on, only ________ it
didn't fit.
A. to find B. found
C. finding D. having found
3. In Australia he made a lot of friends
______a very practical knowledge of
English.
A. get B. getting C. to get D. got
4. The little time we have together we try
_____________wisely.
A. spending it B. to spend it
C. to spend D. having spent
5.Paul doesn't have to be made____ . He
always works hard.
A. study B. to study
C. studied D. studying
6. The children talked so loudly at dinner
table that I had to struggle ______.
A. to be heard B. to have heard
C. hearing D. being heard
7.
I like getting up very early in summer.
The morning air is so good__.
A. to be breathed B. to breathe
C. breathing D. being breathed
8.If he takes on this work, he will have no
choice but ______ an even greater chal
lenge.
A. meets B. meeting
C. meet D. to meet
9. Nowadays people sometimes
separate their waste to make it easier
for it ______________.
A. reusing B. reused
C. reuses D. to be reused
10. It’s important for the figures ______
regularly.
A. to be updated B. being updated
C. to update D. having updated
11. I need a piece of paper _______________.
A. to write B. to be written
C. to write on D. to be written on
Homework:
Finish the exercise sheet
about the infinitive.
Thanks
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