他昨天来了.
他已经来了.
他明天来.
汉语借助词汇手段而非词的形态变化来表示
动作的发生,而英语主要通过谓语动词时态
变化来表现.任何句子都要先注意时态.
He came yesterday.
He has come.
He will come tomorrow.
动词
谓语动词
时态、语态
虚拟语气
非谓语动
词
不定式
动名词
分词
现在分词
过去分词
动词的分类
语态
时态 主动 被动
一般现在时 v. /v.s am /is /are + Vp.p
一般过去时 ved was / were + Vp.p
一般将来时 will + v. will be + Vp.p
过去将来时 would + v. would be + Vp.p
过去完成时 had + Vp.p had been + Vp.p
现在完成时 have /has + Vp.p have /has been + Vp.p
将来完成时 will have + Vp.p will have been + Vp.p
现在进行时 am /is / are + Ving am /is /are + being + Vp.p
过去进行时 was /were + Ving was /were + being + Vp.p
时态和语态的主要考点
1、考查在语境中判断动词时态的运用能力。常考
的时态为：一般现在、一般过去、一般将来、现在
进 行、过去进行、现在完成、过去完成、现在完成
进行、过去将来等。
2、时间、条件、让步等状语从句中动词的时态；
主从句时态呼应问题。
3、几种时态的替代问题
时态=时间+状态
世界上只有3种时间：过去，现在，和将来。
一个动作我们能观察到的状态，要么是正在进行（进
行态），要么是已经完成（完成态）
9个核心时态=3时间 X 3状态
任何英语时态，汉语术语都简称为时。但是我们在理解时要考虑
时间和状态两方面的涵义，
只强调时间不强调状态：一般现在时，一般过去时，一般将来时
描述3种时间下的进行态：过去进行时，现在进行时，将来进行时
描述3种时间下的完成态：过去完成时，现在完成时，将来完成时
9种时态的构成形式：都是靠动词本身的形式变化或借助助动词
实现。
动词原形和第三人称单数形式（do，does）都属于现在式，可
以表现在这种时间，过去式（did）表过去，但是动词没有将来
式，所以只能靠助动词will帮忙，will do表将来。
进行态用doing这种非谓语动词形式来表示，而完成态用done
这种非谓语动词形式表示。既然是非谓语动词，要想作谓语，前
面也要加助动词，doing前加be，done前have（has）。进行
态和完成态的时间变化只需要变助动词be和have。
第4种状态：
除了前面讲到的进行态(doing)，完成态(done)和一般态。还有一
种进行和完成的混合（完成进行态been doing）。
我们结合例句来理解。
现在进行时：He is reading now. 他现在正在读书。
现在完成时：He has read for three hours. 他已经读了三个小时
书了。（表读书这个动作从3小时前开始，持续到现在，有可能不
读了，也有可能会继续进行）
现在完成进行时：He has been reading for three hours. 他已经
读了三个小时书了。（表读书这个动作从3小时前开始，持续到现
在，并且在继续进行）
结合时间轴理解：
第4种时间：
前面说世界上只有过去，现在，和将来三种时间。此外，
还有一种相对意义上的时间，一般将来时是站在现在谈论
未来（will do），过去将来时是站在过去谈论未来
（would do）
I think he will go abroad. 我（现在）觉得他将会出国。
I though he would aborad. 我（之前）以为他将会出国。
16种时态=4种时间 X 4种状态
1句口诀总结：4时配4态，今过将来过将来，普进完成完成
进。（其中今就是现在，普是普通，也就是一般。）
最常用的几种时态与时间状语的搭配
一般现在 every …, sometimes, at …, on Sunday
现在进行 now,
现在完成 for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until,
up to now, in the past years, always, recently
一般过去 yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day,
in 1982, just now
过去进行
this morning, the whole morning, all day,
yesterday, from nine to ten last evening… when,
while
过去完成 …before, by, until, when, after, once, as soon as
一般将来 next…, tomorrow, in…
过去将来 多用在间接引语中表示发生在谓语动作以后
的动作
导入之一：How is your daily life
as a high school student?
( using 3 sentences or more,使用实意动词
和系动词, 注意动词形式变化)
一、一般现在时
一般现在时
一直以来的习惯动作；目前状态；规律
动词第三人称单数的变化规则
1、直接在动词后+s
like- likes play-plays
2、以s, x, sh, ch, 接尾的动词：+es
wash-washes
3、以辅音+o接尾的动词：+es
go-goes
4、以辅音+y接尾的动词：变y为i+es
fly-flies
2. 用法: 1) 经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频
率的时间状语连用，如often, usually, always,
every day/year, sometimes, on Sunday等。
2)表示不受时间限制的科学事实或客观真理,名
言警句。
The earth moves around the sun.
I study hard every day and I get along
well with my classmates, but sometimes
I miss my families.
一、 一般现在时 (The Simple Present tense )
1. 结构: do/does
3）汽车、飞机、会议等按时刻表将要发生的事。
The train leaves at three this afternoon.
The meeting starts at 2:00 p.m.
4）在时间、条件、方式、让步状语从句中，用一
般现在时代替一般将来时,即主将从现。
If it ___ (be) fine tomorrow ,we _______ (go)
to the countryside.
If he ______ (come) this afternoon，
we__________ (have) a meeting.
is will go
comes
will have
• 写出下列动词在句中的适当形式：
1）We ___________ (love) sports.
2）She ___________ (sing) well.
3）Tom and John ___________ (watch) TV
every evening.
4）My son ___________ (go) to school by bike.
5）Their teacher usually ___________ (walk) to
school.
6）Five plus two ___________ (make) seven.
7）They all ___________ (like) him.
8）The sun ___________ (fall) in the west.
love
sings
watch
goes
walks
makes
like
falls
Example:
I _______ (spend) my childhood happily
with my old friends. We always
________(play) football and basketball
together and we _______ (not) have so
much homework to do as now. We
_______ (be) happy at that time.
spent
played
didn’t
were
导入之二：How did you
spend your childhood?
二、一般过去时
一般过去时
——过去动作、过去习惯、过去状态
动词过去式的变化（规则动词）动词过去式的变化（规则动词）
一般在词尾加 ed
ask → asked; help → helped
e.g. They asked me the time just now.
以 e 结尾直接加 d
arrive → arrived
e.g. I arrived late this morning.
动词过去式的变化（规则动词）动词过去式的变化（规则动词）
. 以重读闭音节结尾的，则双写
plan → planned
e.g. We planned to go to the party.
以辅音字母 y 结尾，去 y 变 i 加 ed。
如 try → tried; study → studied
e.g. He tried to climb the tree, but he could
not.
动词过去式的变化（不规则动词）动词过去式的变化（不规则动词）
例： go → went
drink → drank
eat → ate
see → saw
不规则动词表
go
am/ is
are
begin
meet
write
build
buy
can
have/has
take
catch
come
do
swim
drink
drive
eat
get
see
was
were
began
met
wrote
built
bought
could
caught
came
did
swam
drank
drove
ate
got
went
had
took
spend spent leave left
saw
二、一般过去时 ( The Simple Past Tense )
1. 结构: 谓动用动词过去式 (V-ed)
2. 用法: 1）在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。
时间状语有：yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in
1982等。
I saw Tom in the street yesterday.
I bought this TV set in Beijing last year.
2）表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。
When I was a child, I often played football in the street.
He always went to work by bus.
Examples:
• He was in Beijing some years ago.
• She traveled in Europe last year.
• When I was at collage, I wrote home
once a week.
• He went to town ,bought some books
and visited his daughter last Sunday.
• He said he would go for a holiday when
he finished his work.
1.1.At the end of the meeting,the headmasterAt the end of the meeting,the headmaster (give)us a (give)us a
talk. talk.
2.Listen! The radio says a serious accident 2.Listen! The radio says a serious accident
(happen) last night.(happen) last night.
3.----Have you taken the medicine yet? 3.----Have you taken the medicine yet?
---- Yes, I ---- Yes, I (take) just now. (take) just now.
4.The rooms of library are clean.The boys 4.The rooms of library are clean.The boys (sweep) (sweep)
them yesterday.them yesterday.
5.I was going home when I 5.I was going home when I (meet) an old friend. (meet) an old friend.
gave
happened
took
swept
met
单项选择：
( )1． My father_______ill yesterday．
A． isn‘t B． aren’t C． wasn‘t D． weren’t
( )2． _______your parents at home last week﹖
A． Is B． Was C． Are D． Were
( )3. The twins_____in Dalian last year.
They_____here now．
A． are; were B． were; are
C． was; are D． were; was
C
D
B
( )4.____your father at work the day_____yesterday﹖
A． Was; before B． Is; before
C． Was; after D． Is; after
( )5． —Who was on duty last Friday﹖
—_______．
A． I am B． I was
C． Yes, I was D． No, I wasn't
A
B
2020
Thank you!
12SHIGAOJIZHONGXUE
主 讲 人 ： 高 春 玲
导入之三：How will you spend your summer holiday?
I will…
I’m going to…
三、一般将来时
一般将来时
will do 将要发生、意志决心、
临时决定、总是发生
am/is/are going to do
事前做出的安排或打算；
迹象表明要发生
三、一般将来时
1) shall用于第一人称，常被will 所代替。
will 在陈述句中用于各人称，在征求意见时常用于第二人称。
Which paragraph shall I read first？
Will you be at home at seven this evening?
2) be going to +不定式，表示将来。
a. 主语的意图，即将做某事或打算做某事。
What are you going to do tomorrow?
b. 计划，安排要发生的事。
The play is going to be produced next month.
c. 有迹象要发生的事
Look at the dark clouds; there is going to be a storm.
3) be +不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。
We are to discuss the report next Saturday.
4) be about to +不定式，意为马上做某事。
He is about to leave for Beijing.
注意：注意：be about to 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的
时间状语连用。
☆be going to / willbe going to / will的用法之比较：的用法之比较：
用于条件句时，be going to表将来，will表意愿。例如：
If you are going to make a journey, you'd better get ready for it as
soon as possible.
Now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes on
you in front of the mirror.
☆be tobe to和和be going to be going to 的用法之比较：的用法之比较：
be to 表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事。而be going to 则表示主
观的打算或计划。例如：
I am to play football tomorrow afternoon. (客观安排)
I'm going to play football tomorrow afternoon. (主观安排)
练一练：
A、根据中文，完成句子，每空一词。
1）我打算明天和我的朋友去旅行。
I go on a trip with my friends tomorrow. 或者：
I go on a trip with my friends tomorrow.
2）下个星期一你打算去干嘛? 我想去打篮球。
---What next Monday?
---I play basketball. 或者：
---What you do next Monday? ---I play basketball.
3）你妈妈这个周末去购物吗？是，她要去买一些水果。
--- your mother go shopping this ?
---Yes, she . She buy some fruit.
Practice
am going to
will
are you going to do
am going to
willwill
Is going to weekend
is is going to
1.1.WeWe (remember)Lei Feng forever.(remember)Lei Feng forever.
2.I don’t know if she2.I don’t know if she (reach) Caoyan (reach) Caoyan
tomorrow. If shetomorrow. If she (got) here,I’ll tell you.(got) here,I’ll tell you.
3.She tells me she3.She tells me she (go) to London next (go) to London next
week.week.
4. The Browns have gone to Canada for holidays. 4. The Browns have gone to Canada for holidays.
They They (be) back in a month. (be) back in a month.
5.---Would you please not spit on the floor?5.---Would you please not spit on the floor?
---Sorry, I ---Sorry, I (not do) it again.(not do) it again.
will remember
will reach
gets
will go
will be
won’t do
特别注意
（1）一般现在时表示将来，特别用于车、船、飞机
等时刻表中安排好的。
The plane leaves tomorrow.(尽管有tomorrow, 但
没有will ,be going to )
（2）某些瞬间动词“go, come, arrive ,leave
,start, begin, fly, take ”等用现在进行时表
示将要发生的动作。
I’ve won a holiday for two to Floria. I
______my mum.
A. am taking B. have taken C. take
D. will have been
3. be to 表示因约定、计划，职责、义务
要求即将发生的动作, 或客观安排或受
人指示而做某事。
be going to 表示主观的打算或计划。
I am to play football tomorrow afternoon.
I'm going to play football tomorrow
afternoon.
4．be about to do 表示“正要干什么…”，
1)表示即将发生的动作，不与表示将来的时间状
语连用。
2)常与when 连用，when 此时意思： 就在这时，
是并列连词.
构成句型： … be about to do …when….
正要做.....这时....
Eg: I was about to leave when it rained.
过去将来时过去将来时
11，表示从过去某时看，将要发生的动作，表示从过去某时看，将要发生的动作
或状态。或状态。
22，过去将来时常用于宾语从句中，即：，过去将来时常用于宾语从句中，即：
主句显示过去时态，宾语含有将来时间主句显示过去时态，宾语含有将来时间
状语。状语。
33，过去将来时的结构是：，过去将来时的结构是：would+would+动词原动词原
形形//should+should+动词原形动词原形
时间时间
现在现在过去过去
那时所预见的情况那时所预见的情况
1) He said his mother would buy a bike for him
2) My brother told me he wouldn’t believe Jack any
more.
3) Would it be all right if he knew his illness?
三、过去将来时的一些其它表达形式：三、过去将来时的一些其它表达形式：
11．．waswas／／werewere＋＋going togoing to＋动词原形＋动词原形
He said he was going to try．
他说他准备试试。
22．．waswas／／werewere＋＋toto＋动词原形＋动词原形
They said the railway was to be opened to traffic on
May Day．
他们说这条铁路将在五一节通车。
33．．waswas／／were aboutwere about＋动词原形＋动词原形
We were about to go out when it began to rain．
我们正要出去天（突然）下起雨来。
44．过去进行时（一般多为动作概念较强的动词，如．过去进行时（一般多为动作概念较强的动词，如 gogo，，comecome，，
leaveleave，，startstart，， openopen，，begin begin 等）也可用于表示将来。等）也可用于表示将来。
I didn't know when they were coming again．
我不知道他们什么时候再来。
用所给动词的适当形式填空
1. Miss Zhang said she _____ ___(visit) the Great
Wall next summer.
2. She told him that she____ _ ___ (not stay) here
for long.
3. I wasn’t sure whether Lucy_______ (come) the
next year.
4. She said the bus _______ (leave) at five the
next morning.
5. He was fifty-six. In two years he ___ ____(be)
fifty-eight.
would visit
would not stay
would come
would leave
would be
1.---1.---Mum,Dad called and said that heMum,Dad called and said that he (not be) at (not be) at
home for dinner. home for dinner.
----Did he say why?----Did he say why?
2.. She told me that she2.. She told me that she (come) back as soon as the (come) back as soon as the
meeting was over.meeting was over.
3. Mary said that her family3. Mary said that her family (visit) some places the (visit) some places the
next week.next week.
4.He said he4.He said he (come) today,but we haven’t seen him (come) today,but we haven’t seen him
yet.yet.
5.The captain said that he5.The captain said that he (stay) at the South Pole for (stay) at the South Pole for
months next year.months next year.
wouldn’t bewouldn’t be
would comewould come
would visitwould visit
would comewould come
would staywould stay
导入之五：What are they doing now?
They are playing basketball.
五、现在进行时
现在进行时——am/is/are doing（V-ing现在分词
)
目前或现阶段正在发生、一直或断续发生、将要发生
57
read
listen
drink
have
make
write
swim
run
reading
listening
drinking
having
making
writing
swimming
running
直接+ing 以不发音e结尾的
动词，去 e+ing：
以重读闭音节结尾
且末尾只有一个辅音
字母的动词，双写这
个辅音字母+ing：
59
直接+ing：
reading listening cleaning drinking
write--writing make--making give--giving
have—having come--coming
以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，双写这个辅音字母
+ing：
getting letting running
putting swimming
以不发音e结尾的动词，去 e+ing：
即
学
即
练
do__ watch__
clean __ read__
eat___ play___
hav___ writ__
run ___ swim___
ing ing
ing ing
ing ing
ning ming
ing ee ing
五、现在进行时
1. 表示现在( 指说话人说话时) 正在发生的事情。例如：
We are waiting for you.
2. 习惯进行：表示长期的或重复性的动作，说话时动作未必正在
进行。例如：
Mr. Green is writing another novel.
(说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。)
She is learning piano under Mr. Smith.
3. 表示渐变的动词有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。
The leaves are turning red.
It's getting warmer and warmer.
4. 与always, constantly, forever 等词连用，表示反复发生的动作
或持续存在的状态，往往带有说话人的主观色彩。
You are always changing your mind.
知识扩展：不用进行时的动词知识扩展：不用进行时的动词
1) 1) 事事实实状状态态的的动动词词。。如：have, belong, possess, cost, owe, exist,
include, contain, matter, weigh, measure, continue
I have two brothers.
This house belongs to my sister.
2) 2) 心心理理状状态态的的动动词词。。如：know, realize, think see, believe, suppose,
imagine, agree, recognize, remember, want, need, forget, prefer,
mean, understand, love, hate
I need your help.
He loves her very much.
3) 3) 瞬瞬 间间 动动 词词 。。如：accept, receive, complete, finish, give, allow,
decide, refuse.
I accept your advice.
4) 4) 系系动动词词。。如：seem, remain, lie, see, hear, smell, feel, taste, get,
become, turn
You seem a little tired.
Tips：
• 现在进行时的标志：
• Now, right now, at this moment, look, listen…
1.1.What terrible weather. ItWhat terrible weather. It (rain)all these (rain)all these
days.days.
2.---Where is Jim? 2.---Where is Jim?
---He ---He (mend) his bike in the yard.(mend) his bike in the yard.
3.Don’t make any noise.The Ss3.Don’t make any noise.The Ss (take)the (take)the
exam.exam.
4.Which bus4.Which bus you you (wait) for ,No.1 or (wait) for ,No.1 or
No.3?No.3?
5.Look!Some children 5.Look!Some children (step)on the grass.(step)on the grass.
is rainingis raining
is mendingis mending
are takingare taking
areare waitingwaiting
are steppingare stepping
现在进行时和一般现在时的比较
• ①暂时性动作和经常性动作
• The computer is working perfectly.
• 计算机运转得很好。（暂时，目前,此刻或者此3小时内）
The computer works perfectly.
• 计算机运转很好。（一直如此）
• ②持续性动作和短暂性动作
• The bus is stopping. 车停了下来。（渐渐地）
The bus stops. 车停了。（迅速）
• ③暂时性动作和永久性动作
She is living in the country.
• 她现在住在农村。（暂时）
She lives in the country.
• 她住在农村。（永久）
• ④有感情色彩和没有感情色彩
He is doing well at school.
• 他在学校表现很好。（赞扬）
He does well at school.
• 他在学校表现很好。（一般事实）
• This machine _______. It hasn’t worked for years.
• A. didn’t work B. wasn’t working
• C. doesn’t work D. isn’t working
• —Have you handed in your schoolwork yet?
• —Yes, I have. I guess it ______ now.
• A. has graded B. is graded
• C. is being graded D. is grading
(1) During the summer of 2010 she ___________
(travel) in Europe.
was traveling
过去进行时 The past continuous tense
规则1：过去某一时刻或某一阶段内正在进行或
频繁发生的动作.
1. 结构：was/ were + doing
2. 用法:表示过去某时或某段时间正在进行的动作或状态。
常用的时间状语
at ten yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when…,
while…, at that time…
(3) I ____________ (wonder) if you could give me
a lift.
was wondering
★规则3：过去进行时可以表示委婉语气.
(2) I met Diana while I ____________ (shop)
this morning.
规则2：某一动作发生时另一动作正在发生，常
用于由when/while, as引导的时间状语从句中.
was shopping
仅限于wonder， want,
hope等，用于提出请求。
注意：一般过去时与过去进行时的区别：
一般过去时表示一个完成的动作，而过去进行时
则表示一个没有完成且正在进行的动作。
① I wrote a letter this morning. 今天上午我写了
一封信。（信已写完）
② I was writing a letter this morning. 今天上午我
在写一封信。（正在写，不一定写完）
1.Mr Chen (talk) to my father when I
got home yesterday afternoon.
2.Mr Brown told us he (leave) there
soon.
3.The teacher (go)over the
Ss’papers at this time yesterday.
4.While she (watch)TV,the bell
rang.
5.My parents (walk)on the street
when the accident happened that day.
was talkingwas talking
was leavingwas leaving
was goingwas going
was watchingwas watching
were walkingwere walking
• I ______________ (enjoy) the beautiful
sunshine bath in Florida this weekend.
• We ______________________ (accomplish)
the service task in this community before
next Saturday.
will be enjoying
将来进行时 The Future Continous Tense
表将来某个时间正在进行的动作。
will be +v-ing
will have accomplished
将来完成时 The Future Perfect Tense
表将来某个时间已经完成的事情。
will have +v.pp
将来进行时 练习
表示在将来某一时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作。
如：
Eg. 1. This time tomorrow I ___________ (fly)
to Guangzhou.
2.What __________________ at eight
tomorrow morning?
3.We _____________ (watch) television at
7pm this evening.
will be flying
will you be doing
will be watching
现在完成时(The present Perfect Tense)
1. 结构: have (has) + done
2.用法:
1). 现在完成时表示过去某一时间开始，一直延
续到现在的动作或状态, 通常用于延续性动词.
常与表示延续性的时间状语连用, 如: so far,
up to now, recently, since, for , over time等．
I have lived in XinJiang for 12 years.
He has lived here since last summer.
时间线
现在过去
lived 延续到现在:has lived
last summer since…
七、现在完成时
现在完成时：have/has done（过去分词）
——关注“过去事件”对现在的影响或
结果；对经历经验的总结
七、现在完成时
11．现在完成时的构成：．现在完成时的构成：助动词have (has) + 动词的过去分词
注：has 用于第三人称单数，have 用于其他所有人称。
22．现在完成时的用法：．现在完成时的用法：
（1）现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成
的影响或结果。通常与表示包括现在在内的时间副词just，already,
before, yet, never, ever等状语连用。例如：
① I have never heard of that before.
② Have you ever ridden a horse?
③ She has already finished the work.
④ Have you milked the cow yet? Yes, I have done that already.
⑤ I’ve just lost my science book.
有时没有时间状语；多是一般疑问句。有时没有时间状语；多是一般疑问句。
（2）现在完成时表示过去已经开始，持续到现在,也许还会持续下
去的动作或状态。可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在（包括现
在在内）的一段时间的状语连用。 如：for和since，以及 so far,
now, today, this week(month, year) 等。
① I haven’t seen her these days.
② She has learnt English for 3 years.
③ They have lived here since 1990.
④ What has happened to the USA in the last 350 years?
注意：表示短暂时间动作的词，如come, go, die, marry, buy等的完
成时不能与for, since等表示一段时间的短语连用。
（（33））现现在在完完成成时时还还可可以以用用在在时时间间和和条条件件状状语语从从句句中中,,表表示示将将来来某某时时
完成的动作，例如：完成的动作，例如：
I’ll go to your home when I have finished my homework.
If it has stopped snowing in the morning, we’ll go to the park.
（（44）） have been (to)have been (to)和和have gone (to)have gone (to)的区别：的区别：
★have / has been (to) 表示“曾经去过”某地，说话时此人很可能
不在那里，已经回来。侧重指经历。
★have / has gone (to) 表示某人“已经去了”某地，说话时此人在
那里，或可能在路上，反正不在这里。
试比较：试比较：
He has been to Beijing. 他曾去过北京。
（人已回来，可能在这儿）
He has gone to Beijing. 他已经去了北京。
（人已走，不在这儿）。
一般过去时与现在完成时之比较
1）过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强
调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，
强调的是影响。
2）过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊
的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。
◎ 一般过去时的时间状语有：yesterday, last week，…ago, in1980,
in October, just now, 具体的时间状语。
◎ 共同的时间状语有：this morning, tonight, this April, now, once
，before, already, recently，lately等。
◎ 现在完成时的时间状语有：for, since, so far, ever, never, just,
yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always, 等不确定的时间状语。
请大家认真分析比较下列各例句：请大家认真分析比较下列各例句：
I saw this film yesterday.
（强调看的动作发生过了。）
I have seen this film.
（强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）
She has returned from Paris.
（她已从巴黎回来了。）
She returned yesterday.
（她是昨天回来了。）
He has been in the League for three years.
(在团内的状态可延续)
He joined the League three years ago.
( 三年前入团，joined为短暂行为。)
注意：句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如 yesterday, last week, in
1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。例如：
（错）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.
（对）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.
延续动词与瞬间动词
1) 1) 用于完成时的区别：用于完成时的区别：
延续动词表示经验、经历； 瞬间动词表示行为的结果，不能与
表示段的时间状语连用。
He has completed the work.
他已完成了那项工作。 (表结果)
I've known him since then.
我从那时起就认识他了。(表经历)
2) 2) 用于用于till / until till / until 从句的差异：从句的差异：
延续动词用于肯定句，表示“做……直到……” ；瞬间动词用
于否定句，表示“到……，才……”。
He didn't come back until ten o'clock.
他到10 点才回来。
He slept until ten o'clock.
他一直睡到10点。
Let’s practice
1.Daniel __________ (live) in Beijing since he came to China.
2.The boys are tired. They _______________ (just play) a
ball game.
3. I went to Egypt in 1986. Then in 2004 I went there again.
I __________ (be) to Egypt twice.
has lived
have just played
have been
since和for 填空
• since +______ , 用来说明动作起始时间
• for+_______ , 用来说明动作延续时间。
• I have lived here ____ at least twenty years.
I have lived here ____ I was born.
时间点
时间段
for
since
Be more careful ,you ‘ll get
fewer mistakes!
1.---Where are the twins?
---I think They (go) to Dafeng.
2.There (be)many changes in Caoyan in
the past 5 years.
3.Jim (visit)the park twice since last
month.
4.So far, We (learn) about 6 hundred
English words.
5.She (not give)the CDs back to me
yet.
have gonehave gone
have beenhave been
has visitedhas visited
have learnthave learnt
hasn’t givenhasn’t given
3)—The window is dirty.
— I know. It ____ for weeks.
A.hasn’t cleaned B. didn’t clean
C. wasn’t cleaned D. hasn’t been cleaned
注：由终止性动词leave, arrive, come, go, return,
begin, start, put, stop, die, fall, buy, borrow, see
等构成的完成时不能与for或since引导的时间状语连
用。但这些终止性动词的否定式可以与for或since短
语连用。
Eg. I haven’t met him for two years.
have been 与have gone
的用法比较
have been to 意思是“到过，去过”，表
示曾经到过某处，但现在人不在那儿。
have gone to 意思是“去了”，表示已
经去了某地，现在人可能在去的途中或
已在那儿了。
have been in 意思是“呆在某处一段时
间了”
上一页 下一页主菜单
固定的特殊句型：
1).It is (has been) +一段时间 +since-clause.
2)This (That/It) is the first (second…) time + that-clause
(现在完成时).
3)This (That/It) is the best/ finest /most interesting … +
that-clause （现在完成时）.
Tips:
1.现在完成时表示过去的动作对现在的影响或表示经
验。
2.现在完成时表示过去的动作一直延续至今并可能继
续下去，常与for或since 等短语连用。
I_________(graduate) in 2007 and in that year I
_______(begin) to teach senior English in a middle
school. I ______(teach) there for two years . Two years
later ,I _______(move) here. I______________
(teach) senior English in this Middle School for more
than 11 years ever since then.
graduated
began
taught
moved have taught/have been teaching
2007 now2009
11 years2 years
过去完成时
过去完成时：had done
——过去的时间或事件之前所发生的事情，
即“过去的过去”
----|----------------|-----------|------------>
过去的过去 过去 现在 将来
过去完成时的用法
1、概念：表示过去的过去。
-----------|----------------|--------------------|---->
那时以前 那时 现在
其结构是：其结构是：had + had + 过去分词过去分词
2、过去完成时的用法：
（1）过去完成时表示过去某一时刻或者某一动作之前完成的动
作或状态；句中常用by, before, until, when等词引导的时间状语。
By the end of last year we had built five new houses.
I had learnt 5000 words before I entered the university.
（2）过去完成时的动词还可以表示过去某一时刻之前发生的动
作或者状态持续到过去某个时间或者持续下去。
Before he slept, he had worked for 12 hours.
（3）在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。
She said (that) she had never been to Paris.
（4）在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完
成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。
When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.
（5）表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean,
suppose等，用过去完成时表示"原本…，未能…"
We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.
（6）过去完成时的时间状语before, by, until , when, after, once,
as soon as。
He said that he had learned some English before.
By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by
himself.
Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he
arrived at the party.
To be an excellent student!
1. I met my friend Tom in the street yesterday.
I ( not see)him for a long time.
2. By last month we (made)100 cars.
3. He remembered that he (buy)
the book,but he left it in the shop.
4. The train (leave) when I got to the
station last Sunday. I had to wait for the next.
5. The film (begin) when I got to
the cinema.
hadn’ thadn’ t seenseen
had madehad made
had boughthad bought
had lefthad left
had begunhad begun
---How long have you been studying
in this school?
---Almost two years.
现在完成进行时
主语+have（has）been+动词-ing
现在完成进行时表示从过去开始的一个动作一直持续到
现在，而且还在进行当中。
强调的是“从过去到现在一直在进行”。
其时间的判定由具体的时间段或上下句的
语境决定。
现在完成时和现在完成进行时都表示动
作从过去开始，但现在完成时可表示事
件或动作刚结束，而现在完成进行时则
强调动作仍在继续。
现在完成时和现在完成进行时的对比：
_______________________________________________
past & past past now future
_______________________________________
past & past past now future
PPT: have done
have been doingPPCT
• Li Jia __________ (read) a book about
Stonehenge. (She finished reading the
book.)
• Li Jia ______________ (read) a book
about Stonehenge. (She is still reading the
book.)
has read
has been reading
现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别如下：
1.现在完成时与现在完成进行时
I have written an article.
I have been writing an article.
2.有些延续性动词，如live, teach, work, study, learn, stay等因
现在完成时与现在完成进行时差别不大。
I have lived here for ten years.
= I have been living here for ten years.
Notes：表短暂动作的动词（finish, marry, get up,
come, go等）一般不能用现在完成进行时。
强调： 已完成性
强调： 持续性，未完成性
Multiple choice
--- Hi, Tracy, you look tired.
--- I am tired. I _____ the living room all day.
A. painted B. had painted
C. have been painting D. have painted
Now that she is out of a job, Lucy______ going back
to school, but she _______ yet.
A had considered, hadn’t decided
B has been considering, hasn’t decided
C considered, didn’t decide
D is going to consider, won’t decide
C
B
• They had been learning abroad for 6 years
till last month.
• Bob __________________(serve) in the army
before he became a journalist.
过去完成进行时 The past perfect continuous tense
结构：had been + v-ing
表示过去某个时间或动作之前一直进行的事情。
had been serving
解动词填空题“三步曲”
一看时间状语
1.There (be) a match this evening.
2. Mother never knew what
(happen) in 10 years.
3.I (have) this book for 2 weeks.
4.Alice (wait) for us in the room
now.
5.Every year, many trees (plant)
along the river.
will bewill be
would happenwould happen
have hadhave had
is waitingis waiting
are plantedare planted
二观上下文联系
1.She can’t be here. She (go) to
Canada.
2.Keep quiet, please! They
(have) a lesson.
3.---Hi,Lin Tao. I didn’t see you at the
party. ---Oh, I (get) ready for
the exam.
4.Don’t come here tomorrow.
I (have) a meeting.
has gonehas gone
are havingare having
waswas gettinggetting
willwill havehave
三找隐含条件
1.Tom (go) to bed early but his brother
doesn’t.
2.---What did the teacher say just now?
---He said that the earth (travel) around
the sun.
3.The bridge (be) open to traffic in
a few years, isn’t it?
4.Listen! Jim’s radio (make) a loud
noise. Would you please tell him
(turn) it down?
goesgoes
travelstravels
is going to beis going to be
is makingis making
to turnto turn
动词的语态 (voice)
动词的语态
语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。
主语是动作的发出者为主动语态；
I ate an apple yesterday.
主语是动作的接受者为被动语态。
An apple was eaten by me yesterday.
动词谓语部分结构：be + v.P.P.
2020
Thank you!
12SHIGAOJIZHONGXUE
主 讲 人 ： 高 春 玲
Present/ past simple(一般现在/过去时)
was watched by us last night
Will/ would be done
新电脑下周将投入使用。
The new computers will be used next week.
妈妈告诉我我的自行车明天去修。
My mother told me that my bike would be
repaired the next day.
Present/ past future(一般将来时/
过去将来时)
am/ is /are being done
was/ were being done
中国国家大剧院正在建设当中。
The National Opera Building is being built at
present.
Present/ past progressive (现在进行时
/过去进行时)
has/ have been done
had been done
这个问题已经得到了圆满的解决。
The problem has been well solved.
昨天晚上我到超市的时候，牛奶已经卖完了。
The milk had been sold when I got to the
supermarket last night.
Present/ past perfect (现在完成时/
过去完成时)
不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态
比较： rise是不及物动词；raise是及物动词。
The price has been risen.
The price has risen.
The price has raised.
The price has been raised.
The accident was happened last week.
The accident happened last week.
(错)
(对
) (错)
(对)
(错)
(对)
•要想正确地使用被动语态，就须
注意哪些动词是及物的，哪些是
不及物的。特别是一词多义的动
词往往有两种用法。解决这一问
题唯有在学习过程中多留意积累。
动词时态语态一览表(以do为例）
时态 主动 被动
一般现在时 do/does
现在进行时 am/is/are doing
现在完成时 have/has done
一般过去时 did
过去进行时 was/were doing
过去完成时 had done
一般将来时 will do
将来完成时 will have done
am/is/are done
am/is/are being done
have/has been done
was/were done
was/were being done
had been done
will be done
will have been done
类别 构成形式 例句
时
态
一般现在时 English is widely used in the
world.
一般过去时 We were asked to help them.
一般将来时 A class meeting will be held
next Monday.
过去将来时 She said those flowers should
be watered.
现在进行时 The blackboard is being
painted now.
过去进行时 Those flowers were being
watered when I left.
现在完成时 All these flowers have been
watered.
过去完成时 The building had been
completed before I arrived.
主动形式表被动意义
The steel feels cold.
His plan proved (to be) practical.
The yogurt in the fridge ______________
(已经变质）
has gone bad
1. 连系动词look, sound, feel, smell, taste, appear,
seem, go, prove, turn, stay, become, fall, get,
grow, keep + adj. 构成系表结构,主动表被动。
2. 表示开始、结束、运动的动词。如:begin, finish, start,
open, close, stop, end, shut, run, move 等主动表被动。
• Work began at 7 o’clock this morning.
• The shop closes at 6 p.m. every day.
3. need / want / require doing, be worth doing,
be to blame主动表被动。
• The equipment in the corner ________________
(需要修理).
requires repairing
• Nylon cleans easily. This material has worn thin.
• Your pen writes smoothly. The recorder won’t play.
• (这种布耐洗。)
•
• (他的书没有销路。)
The cloth washes well.
His book does not sell.
★4. 表示主语的某种属性特征的动词。
•如read, write, act, iron, cut, draw, drive, sell,
•wash, clean, wear, open, cook, lock, shut, dry,
•eat, drink.这类动词一般不单独使用，常有一个修饰语。
1、对於这个问题，关注很少。
Little attention was paid to this problem.
2、课堂上应该鼓励小组讨论。
Group discussion should be encouraged in
class.
3、据报导，这里将修建一条新的马路。
It is reported that a new road will be built here.
4、必须采取措施来防止河流受到污染。
Measures should be taken to stop the river from
being polluted.
微信/支付宝扫码支付