概要写作精讲 2
高考英语
主要内容
确定文章关键信息的几点策略
具体案例讲解
Topic of the article
• Part1 Part 2 Part 3 Part4
TS 1
KD 1, 2 … KD 1, 2 … KD 1, 2 …KD 1, 2 …
Mi 1, …
如何确定文章的关键信息
TS 2 TS 3 TS 4
Mi 1, …Mi 1, … Mi 1, …
How to locate the main ideas and important details?
• Mind Map (overall / big picture of a text, the structure of the text)
• Group words (words or phrases frequently appearing)
• Signal words (first,last,but, however, for example, besides, therefore,
in conclusion,on the contrary, meanwhile, on the one hand,
on the other hand, some…others…, consequently, …)
确定文章的关键信息几个策略
Relationship between sentences
Mind Map (structure of a text)
M4U2: Chemical or Organic Farming
Para.1: introduction
Para.2: problems
Para.3: solution
Para.4: other solutions
problems caused by chemicals
(damage the health of people and soil)
organic farming (definition, benefits)
other methods to keep soil fertile
chemical fertilizers
(welcomed but harmful)
Mind Map (structure of a text )
M3U4: Communication : No Problem?
Para.1 background
Para.2&3 problem-noticing
Para.4 problem-analyzing
Para.5 problem-solving
Meet international students at the airport
(watching them)
Some major misunderstandings of
their greeting body language
Not all cultures greet the same way
(examples)
1.not good or bad
2. studying international customs
Like any other facility, keeping a school open requires a great deal of
money. Keeping school open in the middle of summer requires air
conditioning, and that adds significantly to the school's expenses.
Besides, teachers must be paid for all the weeks they are working. For
example, a high school in Arizona had a cost increase of $157,ooo
when they switched to year-round schooling. Some schools may not
be able to handle such increases, and other schools that can handle
these expenses could be doing better things with the money.
Group words can indicate the main idea.
Gene technology can help people to give birth to more healthy and
clever children. Some families have genetic diseases. This means
their children will for sure have the family disease, which is a great
trouble for these families. In the past, doctors could do nothing
about genetic diseases. But gene technology can solve this
problem perfectly. Scientists just need to find the wrong gene and
correct it, and a healthy child will be born.
Group words can indicate key supporting information.
As is known to all, sports stars earn large amounts of money every year.
LeBron James, the famous American basketball star, for instance, earns
an income of more than 20 million dollars a year. Some people hold the
view that these stars do not deserve the high pay that they are getting.
Some even argue that sports stars do nothing to society apart from
entertaining people. Their contribution to society are much less than
those made by doctors, firemen, scientists, professors, etc. But I can
never agree with that.
Signal words may help to locate main idea.
but, however等后面的信息一般是段落的重要信息
举例后的信息一般属于次要信息
Actually, vacation happiness is based on the following top rules. First,
choose your travel companions wisely, because nothing contributes
more significantly to a trip than the right companions. Second, don't
spend your vacation time in a place where everything is too expensive so
as to maintain a positive mood. Third, shop wisely, for meaningful
experiences provide more long-term happiness than physical
possessions.
Signal words may help to locate key details.
3个Rules要作为重要细节写到概要中
• The biggest factor in short-sightedness is a lack of time
spent outdoors.
• Exposure to daylight helps the retina (视网膜) to release a
chemical that slows down an increase in the eye's axial
length, which is what most often causes myopia (近视).
• A combination of not being outdoors and doing lots of work
focusing up close (like writing characters or reading) worsens
the problem.
• But if a child has enough time in the open, they can study all
they like and their eyesight should not suffer, says Ian
Morgan of Australian National University.
Topic sentence
explanation
further information
further explanation
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Relationship between sentences in a paragraph