语法——动词
时态语态
目录页
CONTENTS
定义
PART 01
构成方式
PART 02
解题步骤
PART 03
时态分述
PART 04
ONE
定义
定义
时(时间):过去、现在、将来、过去将来。
态(状态):一般、进行、完成、完成进行。
英语中的时态共有十六种,但是常考的或较常用的有十一种。见下
表:
定义
一般 进行 完成 完成进行
现在 do/does am/is/are doing have done/has
done have been doing
过去 did was/were doing had done had been doing
将来 will/shall do will be doing will have done will have been
doing
过去将来 would do would be doing would have done would have been
doing
一般 进行 完成 完成进行
现在 am/is/are done am/is/are being
done have been done have been being
done
过去 was/were done was/were being
done had been done had been being
done
将来 will be done will be being
done
will have been
done
will have been
being done
过去
将来 would be done would be being
done
would have been
done
would have been
being done
TWO
时态构成方式
时态构成方式
ABC
A----时间
A+B=一般/进行/完成
B+C=一般/进行/完成
一般 进行 完成 完成进行
现在 do/does am/is/are
doing
have
done/has
done
have been
doing
过去 did was/were
doing had done had been
doing
将来 will/shal
l do
will be
doing
will have
done
will have
been doing
过去将
来 would do would be
doing
would have
done
would have
been doing
例:had been played
过去完成 被动 had
been being played
过去 完成 进行 被动
THREE
解题步骤
解题步骤
1.判考点——看选项
2.判主被动——找主语
3.定时态——(1)找时间标志词
(everyyear,yesterday,tomorrow,since...)
(2)看其他动词时态、连词
时间:lastweek,now,nextyear...
状态:一般、进行、完成、完成进行
FOUR
时态分述
一般现在时
一般过去时
一般将来时
过去将来时
一般体
现在进行时
过去进行时
将来进行时.
进行体
现在完成时
过去完成时
将来完成时
完成体
现在完成进行时
完成进行体
时态分述
时态分述
01
意义用法
02
构成
03
04
特殊用法
05
练习
时间标志
讲授思路
No.1一般现在时
(1)表示经常或习惯性的动作或状态,且常与表频率的时间状语连用。
We always care for each other and help each other.
(2)表示客观事实或普遍真理(不受主句时态的限制)。
The geography teacher told us the earth moves around the sun.
一、意义用法
主动:do(does)/am is are/情态动词
被动:am/is/are done
二、构成
一般现在时
(1)表示频率的副词:always,often,usually,sometimes等。
(2)On Sunday,on Monday afternoon,every morning/day/ year等时间状语。
(3)Once a year,twice a month,three times a week等表示频率的词组。
三、时间标志
1.表示时刻表:列车时间点、航班、电影、课程、流程...
2.主将从现
四、特殊用法
例:—So what is the procedure?
—All the applicants______before a final decision is made by the authority.
A.interview B.are interviewing
C.are interviewed D.are being interviewed
时刻表
2.主将从现、主祈从现、主情从现、主将进从现、主将从完:
条件:主从句表示将来概念。
从句为时间、条件、让步(少)状语从句。
注意:主句用将来时,从句用现在时。
将:一般、进行、完成、祈使句。
现:一般、进行、完成、完成进行。
例:If their marketing plans succeed, they _____ their sales by
20 percent.
A. will increase B. have been increasing
C. have increased D. would be increasing
五、练习
1.The father,as well as his three children,_____skating on the frozen
river every Sunday afternoon in winter.
Ais going Bgo Cgoes Dare going
2.Months ago we sailed ten thousand miles across this open
sea,which_______the Pacific,and we met no storm.
Awas called Bis called Chad been called Dhas been called
3.Look at the timetable.Hurry up!Flight 4026_____off at 18:20.
Atakes Btook Cwill be taken Dhas taken
4.-I'd like to borrow this book,but I couldn't find it on the self.
-The book has been checked out.I'll let you know as soon as
it______.
A returned Bwill be returned Cis returning Dis returned
No.2 一般过去时
1.表示过去某一时间发生的动作或存在的状态。
2.表示过去经常性、习惯性的动作或状态。
We used to spend our vacation in the mountains.(暗指现在不做了)
一、意义用法
主动:did/was/were
被动:was/were+done
二、构成
一般过去时
before, yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982, last night, just now等。
三、时间标志
(1)在虚拟语气中表示对现在的虚拟。
I wish I were twenty years younger.
但愿我年轻20岁。
(2)在情态动词中,一般过去时往往显示委婉客气。
Might I come and see you tonight?
四、特殊用法
一般过去时
表示过去习惯性动作时,可以用used to或would,
但used to侧重于过去与现在的比较,指现在已不那样了;would注重过去习
惯性发生的动作。
例:The city is not what it used to.
I would go to park and play with my friends on Sunday.
五、注意点
六、练习
1.George said that he would come to school to see me the next day,
but he ______.
A. wouldn’t B. didn’t C. hasn’t D. hadn’t
2. —Have you heard about that fire in the market?
— Yes, fortunately no one _____.
A. hurt B. was hurt C. has hurt D. had been hurt
No.3 一般将来时
将来某一时刻的动作或状态。
He will get married.
将来某一段时间内经常发生的动作或存在的状态。
Telephone me this evening.I’ll be at home.
一、意义用法
主动:will/shall do
(1)shall + 动词原形(第一人称)
(2)will + 动词原形(各种人称)
被动:will/shall be done
二、构成
一般将来时
tomorrow,the day after tomorrow,tomorrow morning/afternoon/evening
next year/week/month/hour/day/century
in+一段时间 in the future
this afternoon/Sunday
from now on,one day,someday (未来的)某天,soon
三、时间标志
(1)一般现在时表将来(时刻表、主将从现)
(2)其他结构表将来
四、特殊用法
其他结构表将来
意义用法 例句
be to do 按计划或安排要做 She is to get married next
month.
be going to do
计划、打算做 He is going to speak on TV this
evening.
据迹象推断 Look at the dark clouds.It is
going to rain.
be about to do
be on the point of doing
立即的将来,可与when连用(正要做某
事,突然)
The train is about to start.
The plane is on the point of
taking off.
be doing 表示位置转移的动词,可用现在进行时表
示按计划、安排近期将要发生的事
Uncle Wang is coming.
They're leaving for Beijing.
位置转移的动词:离开:go, leave, take off; 到来: come,arrive; 其他:approach,meet,die,start,return,begin,start;
五、练习
1.By the time you have finished this book, your meal ______ cold.
A.gets B. has got C. will get D.is getting
2.— What time is it?
— I have no idea. But just a minute, I ______ it for you.
A. check B. checked C. will check D. would check
No.4 过去将来时
从过去某一时刻看将要发生的事。
He said he would be here at eight o’clock.
一、意义用法
主动:should/would +do
被动:should/would +done
其他构成形式:was/were to do, was/were going to do, was/were about to do, was/were doing.
二、构成
过去将来时
1.Peter said he_____when he gets there but we have never heard from
him since then.
A was writing B would write C had weitten D has been
writing
2.Why didn't you put your cell phone in your overcoat pocket?I was afraid
it______.
A would be stolen B was stolen C will be stolen D is stolen
三、练习
点:表此时此刻正在进行
的动作。
Mr.Greeniswriting
thenovel.
段:表某阶段正在进行
的动作或发生的事(说
话时不一定正在进行)
Wearemakingmodel
planesthesedays.
进行时与
always,usually,constan
tly
continually,forever等
频度副词连用,表经常或
反复发生的动作。带有说
话人的主观感情色彩。表
批评或赞扬等。
Heisalways
thinkingofothers
first.
01 02
03
No.5 现在进行时
一、意义用法:
现在进行时
3
构成
主动:am/is/are doing
被动:am/is are being done
2
4 特殊用法
进行时表将来
时间标志
常与now, at the moment,
for the time being, for the present
等表现在时间的状语连用。
五、练习
1. Hurry up! Mark and Carl __________ us.
A. expect B. are expecting
C. have expected D. will expect
2.— Hi, let’s go skating.
—Sorry, I’m busy right now. I ______ in an application form for a
new job.
A. fill B. have filled C. am filling D. will fill
No.6 过去进行时
时间标志:at this time+过去时间;具体时刻+过去时间;then
No.7 将来进行时
时间标志:at this time+将来时间;具体时刻+将来时间;then
五、练习
1.The teacher, with 6 girls and 8 boys of her class, _______ visiting
a museum when the earthquake struck.
A. was B. were C. had been D. would be
2.At this time tomorrow _______ over the Atlantic.
A.we’re going to fly B.we ’ll be flying
C.we’ll fly D.we’re fly
现在完成时
3
构成
主动:have/has done
被动:have/has been done
2
4
特殊用法
(1)It/This is the first/second time+现完
(2)(虚拟语气)表主句中对过去的虚拟。
例:If I had worked harder before,I would
have succeeded.
(3)情态动词+have done,表对过去的推测。
It must have rained last night,for the ground is
wet.
时间标志
(1)since一般主句现完,从句过去
(2)So far,up to now,until/till now,by
now到目前为止
(3)recently,already,yet
(4)in/within/over/during/for+the
last/past few years近几年
1
意义用法
(1)动作从过去延续到现在
(2)过去的动作对现在的影响
五、练习
1.Sofarthisyearwe______afallinhousepricesbybetween5
and10percent.
A.sawB.seeC.hadseenD.haveseen
2.I_____halfoftheEnglishnovel,andI'lltrytofinishitat
theweekend.
A.readB.havereadC.amreadingD.willread
过去完成时
3
构成
主动:had done
被动:had been done
2
4
特殊用法
(1)Hardly /No sooner…(过去完成时)when
/than…(一般过去时)。
(2)It /This /That was the first/second time
that…(过去完成时)。
(3)It was +一段时间+since(从句用过去完成时)。
时间标志
by that time,
by the time/before+从句(一过),
by/by the end of/before +过去时间
1
意义用法
由过去一个时间点再往前回溯的
一个时间过程。
(必须有过去时间标志点)
五、练习
1) The news came as no surprise to me. I _______ for some time
that the factory was going to shut down.
A. had known B. knew C. have known D. know
(2) He ________ more than 5,000 English words when he entered the
university at the age of 15.
A. has learned B. would have learned
C. learned D. had learned
将来完成时
3
构成
主动:will have done
被动:will have been done
2
时间标志
by then,by/by the end of+将来时间,
by the time+一现
1
意义用法
从未来某个时间点往前回溯的时间过程。
辨认标志:by +将来的时间
五、练习
1.By the time you arrive in New York, you will _____for two weeks.
A. be away B. have been away
C. go away D. have gone away
现在完成进行时
3
构成
主动:have been doing
被动:will have been being done
2
时间标志
the whole afternoon,all,同现完
1
意义用法
表示动作从开始持续到现在,
还会继续持续下去。
题目特点:
1.动作会一直持续下去
2.强调动作持续的过程
五、练习
1.Now that she is out of a job, Lucy _______ going back to school,
but she hasn’t decided yet.
A. had considered B. has been considering
C. considered D. is going consider
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