By Sonia
概要写作
Summary writing
Skills
It is necessary for a host family to prepare for a
coming exchange student.
Firstly, the room for the student should be furnished
according to his or her personal preference.
Secondary,find out if the student has some special
needs. If so, try to satisfy his or her needs.
Thirdly,if the exchange student is homesick,consult
the counselors of the exchange program or a family
doctor.(67words)
outer beauty
A new app “Pokemen Go” ,released on July 6,which allows
people to spot Pokemon characters, is getting increasingly
popular,especially among the young people. Some players are
reported to have been injured when playing “Pokemon Go”,
which also leads to serious consequences.Although the game is
installed with a built-in warning, some players are so absorbed as
to overlook thei surroundings,as a result of which,the accidents
still coour,causing conplaint among the drivers.Players are also
reminded to obey the law.However,on the other side, people can
catch Pokemon together even though they are total
strangers.(100 words)
outer beauty
Tip:words limit: about 60s word:≤40 words & ≥80 words
The ways to get rid of dirt
People have mixed opinions towards dirt on our skin.
For a long time , people of some European countries,
such as France, believed that dirt prtested people rom
getting ill. However, people began to change their
attitudes 300 years ago. People have been told that
washing dirt off our body can keep us healthy. But
some scientists believe that expoure to some diet may
help our immune system.(67 words)
outer beauty
outer beauty
outer beauty
How to write a summary?1
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Scan the passage （览全文，定题材） Step1
Underline the main points（划要点）
Step2
Miss the details（省细节）
Step2 Analyse the structure （析结构）
Step3
Yoke the sentences to a passage（连全文）Step5
Restate the points（换表达）
Step4
How to solve the difficulties？2
How to find the key points？
How to paraphrase the key points？
How to make a passage？
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Feeding the world’s growing population is a big challenge, and it is about to get bigger. Right
now, a little more than 7.3 billion people share the planet. By 2050, some scientists estimate,
the world’s population may reach 9 billion. Although many people don’t believe it, that is the
conclusion reached by some scientists.
Just three crops—wheat, rice and corn—provide more than two-thirds of the calories that
people consume. Such crops, and a small number of other important crops, come from
farming regions sometimes referred to as “breadbaskets”. These areas often occupy a
relatively small portion(部分) of the globe. Worse still, the breadbaskets are easily affected by
bad weather. Events such as widespread flooding or extended heat wave can kill crops. That’s
especially true if the bad weather occurs when a crop is young, fruiting or approaching
harvest.
Unfortunately, big crop failures in two or more breadbaskets could lead to what researchers
call a “food shock”. That means an overall shortage of food would occur. Extreme food shocks
used to happen every century. Or to put it another way, that’s only about once in very four
generations of humans. However, according to studies, as the climate warms, high and low
temperatures become more extreme, and by 2050, food shocks could occur about once every
30 years. In other words, a person born in the middle of the current century might live
through two or three extreme food shocks during their lifetime.
So what can people do to help avoid food shocks? Making agriculture efficient is one choice.
But one of the most effective ways to fight against food shocks might be to cut down on food
waste. “If we could cut food waste in half,” said Seth Cook, a British environmental scientist,
“we could feed an extra billion people.”
Step1 Scan the passage （览全文，定题材）
1. Type :
2.Topic：
Exposition（说明文）
It is difficult to feed the world’s growing population.
Tip1 ：The topic is usually in the first paragraph.
Step2 Underline the main points & miss the details
（划要点&省细节）
Para. 1:
Feeding the world’s growing population is a big
challenge, and it is about to get bigger.
Right now, ....more than 7.3 billion people....
By 2050, ...the world’s population may reach 9 billion.
Tip 2：Omit（省去） the detailed statistics/data
Para. 2:
Step2 Underline the main points & miss the details
（划要点&省细节）
the breadbaskets are easily affected by ...Worse still,
These areas often occupy a relatively small portion...Breadbaskets
Tip 3：Pay attention to typical words.
1.for example，take…as an example 主题句在
段首
2. as a result; in a word, to conclude,
in fact, therefore...
主题句在
段尾
4. what’s worse, besides
主题句在
信息词后3. however，but...
主题句在信
息词前后
Tip 3：Pay attention to typical words.
Para. 3:
Step2 Underline the main points & miss the details
（划要点&省细节）
... big crop failures ...lead to ...a “food shock”.
Extreme food shocks used to happen every century.
Or to put it another way,...
However,...by 2050, food shocks could occur
about once every 30 years.
In other words...
Tip 4：Pay attention to the repeated words and
explanation words
Para.4:
Step2 Underline the main points & miss the details
（划要点&省细节）
So what can people do to help avoid food shocks?
1.Making agriculture efficient
2.cut down on food waste
Step2 Underline the main points & miss the details
（划要点&省细节）
Para. 4: So what can people do to help avoid food shocks?
Making agriculture efficient is one choice. But one of the
most effective ways to fight against food shocks might be to
cut down on food waste. “If we could cut food waste in
half,” said Seth Cook, a British environmental
scientist, “we could feed an extra billion people.”
Tip 4：Ignore the quotations. （引语）
Para. Key points
1 Feeding the world’s population is a big
challenge, and it is about to get bigger.
2 These areas often occupy a relatively small
portion of the globe.
the breadbaskets are easily affected by bad
weather.
3 big crop failures ...lead to ... “food shock”
food shock...every century...
food shock...once every 30 years...
4 What can people do to help avoid food
shocks?
making agriculture efficient
cut down on food waste
Step3 Analyse the structure（析结构）
Exposition
（说明文）
Problem
Causes
Solutions
Step4 Restate the points（换表达）
Para. 1: Feeding the world’s growing population is a big
challenge, and it is about to get bigger.
1.Feeding the _____ population is an ________________
challenge. （替换字词）
increasingly big
2.__ is a bigger and bigger challenge ____ feed the world
population. （改变句式）
It
global
3.It is more and more ___________ to feed the world
population.（改变词性）
challenging
to
4.With ________________________________, it is
increasingly challenging to settle the_________ problem.
world population growing/
the booming of the global population
feeding
Step4 Restate the points（换表达）
Para2：Breadbaskets often occupy a relatively small
portion
（部分）of the globe.
The breadbaskets are easily affected by bad
weather. 1.Breadbaskets are often _______.limited （理解句意）
2.Breadbaskets are easily ___________________
by bad weather.
influenced/impacted
（替换字词）
Tip5：One sentence for one point
3.The limited breadbaskets are easily influenced by
bad weather,which makes things worse.
4.Breakbaskets are not only limited, but also easily
impacted by bad weather.
5.The bad weather easily puts strains on (给...压力)
the already limited breadbasket.
Step4 Restate the points（换表达）
Para3: big crop failures ...lead to ... “food shock”
food shock used to happen every century
food shock could occur once every 30 years...
1.Big crop failures could_______________________
a “food shock”.
account for/contribute to/result
in
3.Food shocks could occur/happen/____________
more ___________ in the future.frequently
（替换字词）
（理解句意）
2.A “food shock” may_________________________
big crop failures.
be caused by/resulted from/
be triggered by
（转变语态）
break out
4.Big crop failures could account for a “food
shock”,which could occur more frequently in the
future.
5.What will happen more frequently in the future is the
“food shock”, which results from big crop failures.
6. “Food shock”, resulting from the Big crop failure, will
break out more frequently in the future.
How to paraphrase the key points？
Tip 1：change words and phrases （替换字词）
Tip 2：change sentence patterns （改变句式）
Tip 3：change the part of speech （改变词性）
Tip 4：change the voice （改变语态）
Tip 5：change expression according to the meaning （理解句意）
Step4 Restate the points（换表达）
Para4：What can people do to help avoid food shocks?
making agriculture efficient
cut down on food waste
Step4 Restate the points（换表达）
Para4：What can people do to help avoid food shocks?
1.making agriculture efficient
2.cutting down on food waste
1. People can prevent food shocks by making agriculture
efficient as well as reducing food waste.(改变字词)
2. Making agriculture effective and reducing food waste
are the two ways to prevent food shocks. (改变句式)
3.Food shocks can be avoided by making agriculture
effective as well as reducing food waste.(改变语态)
4.To solve the problem, bettering agriculture and
making
full use of food are two effective ways. (理解句意)
5.Making agriculture efficient as well as wasting food
less can help prevent food shocks.(改变词性)
Step5 Yoke the sentences to a passage（连全文）
It is increasingly challenging to feed the growing
global population.(point1)The limited breadbaskets
are easily influenced by bad weather.(point2)Big
crop failures could account for a “food shock” ,which
could happen more frequently in the future.(point3)
Effective ways could help prevent food shocks such
as making agriculture efficient as well as wasting
food. (point4)
Step5Yoke the sentences to a passage（连全文）
It is increasingly challenging to feed the growing
global population._________________________the
limited breadbaskets are easily influenced by bad
weather.______________________big crop failures
could account for a “food shock” ,which could
happen more frequently in the future. _________,
effective ways could help prevent food shocks such
as making agriculture efficient as well as wasting
food. （64words）
One of the reasons is that
Another reason is that
However/
Fortunately
Tip6：Add proper linking words or trasitional words to
polish the passage.
Problem Causes Solutions
while; however; nevertheless; despite the fact
that; in spite of; on the contrary;
.
转折
therefore; as a result; consequently; because of;
accordingly; in this way; thanks to; 因果
in short; in brief；to sum up; on the whole; in a
word ；
递进
总结
How to make a passage？
what's more; what's worse; worse still; besides; in
addition; moreover; furthermore;
not only ... but also;
Tip6：Add proper linking words or transitional words to polish
the passage.
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1.No paragraphing
2.No overwriting
3.No titling
4.No scrabbling
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