高考英语之阅读理解
阅读理解
《考试大纲》对阅读理解的要求
•要求考生能读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简
短文段以及公告、说明、广告等,并能从中获取相关
信息。考生应能:
•(1)理解主旨要义;
•(2)理解文中具体信息;
•(3)根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义;
•(4)做出判断和推理;
•(5)理解文章的基本结构;
•(6)理解作者的意图、观点和态度。
高考抢分题之阅读理解
正确的答案均应在原文中找到相关的语句或段
落为依据,也必须与题干等量代换。
阅读理解解题原则
关注体裁结构
1.说明文:
提出问题(说明要点);---分析问题(说明过程);----解决问题(说
明结果);
2.议论文:
提出论点(主题主旨);---论证论点(证明是非);---得出结论(重
点进一步阐明);
3.应用文:根据题目仔细搜寻答案
4.记叙文
人不离事,事不离人
写人的文章事情是重点;
记事的文章人物是关键。
阅读理解抢分题
1.按图索骥
2.同义异构
3.观点态度
4.标题主旨
5.文章出处
6.写作目的
阅读理解抢分题之按图索骥
◆Visit Pacific Science Center’s Store
Don’t forget to stop by Pacific Science Center’s Store while you are
here to pick up a wonderful science activity or souvenir to remember
your visit. The store is located(位于) upstairs in Building 3 right next
to the Laser Dome.
(2018Ⅰ卷)21. Where can you buy a souvenir at Pacific Science
Center?
A. In Building 1.
B. In Building 3.
C. At the Laser Dome.
D. At the Denny Way entrance.
B
解题技巧
1.先读题干再看文章。
2.确定题干或选项中的关键词。(人名,地名,专有名词,
时间,地点,数字,动词,名词)
3.去原文锁定证据,划线,标题号。
I work with Volunteers for Wildlife, a rescue and education
organization at Bailey Arboretum in Locust Valley. Trying to help
injured, displaced or sick creatures can be heartbreaking;
survival is never certain. However, when it works, it is simply
beautiful.
(2019Ⅰ卷) 24. What is unavoidable in the author’s rescue work
according to paragraph 1?
A. Efforts made in vain.
B. Getting injured in his work.
C. Feeling uncertain about his future.
D. Creatures forced out of their homes.
阅读理解抢分题之同义异构
A
解题技巧
1.与文章出处表述形式不同但意义相同的选项为正确选项,
此即为同义异构原理;
2.凡以断章取义、捕风捉影、张冠李戴等形式表现的选项均为错
误选项。
阅读理解抢分题之观点态度
(2019)30. What can we infer about Moran’s opinion on
jazz?
A. It will disappear gradually.
B. It remains black and white.
C. It should keep up with the times.
D. It changes every 50 years.
“Jazz seems like it’s not really a part of the American appetite,”
Moran tells National Public Radio’s reporter Neal Conan. “What I’m
hoping to accomplish is that my generation and younger start to
reconsider and understand that jazz is not black and write anymore.
It’s actually color, and it’s actually digital.”
Moran says one of the problems with jazz today is that the
entertainment aspect of the music has been lost. “The music can’t
be presented today the way it was in 1908 or 1958. It has to
continue to move, because the way the world works is not the
same,” says Moran.
2018年全国1卷C篇片段
______________________
________________________
阅读理解抢分题之观点态度
(2019)30. What can we infer about Moran’s opinion on
jazz?
A. It will disappear gradually.
B. It remains black and white.
C. It should keep up with the times.
D. It changes every 50 years.
c
解题技巧:
1.观点态度往往隐含在说话人的措辞之中;
2.全文只是出现对事实的描述而没有出现任何表现作
者观点态度的描述则说明作者的态度是客观的。
(2018)35.What may be the best title for the text?
A. Sound and Silence
B. What It Means to Be Silent
C. Silence to Native Americans
D. Speech Is Silver; Silence Is Gold
阅读理解抢分题之标题主旨
The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups. Silences
may be thoughtful, or they may be empty when a person has nothing
to say. A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness,
uneasiness, or worry. Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups
as extremely uncomfortable; therefore attempts may be made to fill
every gap(间隙)with conversation. Persons in other cultural groups
value silence and view it as necessary for understanding a person’s
needs.
2018年全国1卷D篇
Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of
communicating among people, just as some traditional Chinese and
Thai persons do. Therefore, when a person from one of these
cultures is speaking and suddenly stops, what maybe implied(暗示)
is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said
before continuing. In these cultures, silence is a call for reflection.
Other cultures may use silence in other ways, particularly when
dealing with conflicts among people or in relationships of people
with different amounts of power. For example, Russian, French,
and Spanish persons may use silence to show agreement between
parties about the topic under discussion. However, Mexicans may
use silence when instructions are given by a person in authority
rather than be rude to that person by arguing with him or her. In
still another use, persons in Asian cultures may view silence as a
sign of respect, particularly to an elder or a person in authority.
Nurses and other care-givers need to be aware of the possible
meanings of silence when they come across the personal anxiety
their patients may be experiencing. Nurses should recognize their
own personal and cultural construction of silence so that a
patient’s silence is not interrupted too early or allowed to go on
unnecessarily. A nurse who understands the healing(治愈) value
of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of
patients from their own and from other cultures.
(2019)35.What may be the best title for the text?
A. Sound and Silence
B. What It Means to Be Silent
C. Silence to Native Americans
D. Speech Is Silver; Silence Is Gold
阅读理解抢分题之标题主旨
合适的标题(或者主旨)特征明显:
(1)概括性,换言之,能反映文章的主要内容;
(2)以偏概全不可取,有些选项只反映某一段落的内容甚至
仅是对某一段个别细节的描述,则该选项为错误选项。
(3)外延过大不可取。
B
解题技巧
1. 大部分文章有主题句(topic sentence),找到了主题句,也就
抓住了文章的主旨大意。
2.一般主题句在文章开头,也可能在结尾或首尾呼应;
3.而找不到主题句,可将每段的第一句话串起来,这样文章的大
意就清楚了。
阅读理解抢分题之文章出处
(2019Ⅰ卷)63.Where does this text probably come from?
A.Science fiction.
B.Children’s literature.
C.An advertisement.
D.A science report.
The baby is just one day old and has not yet left hospital. She is quiet
but alert (警觉).Twenty centimeters from her face researchers have
placed a white card with two black spots on it.She stares at it carefully . A
researcher removes the card and replaces it by another, this time with the
spots differently spaced. As the cards change from one to the other,her
gaze(凝视) starts to lose its focus - until a third, with three black spots, is
presented. Her gaze returns:she looks at it for twice as long as she did at
the previous card. Can she tell that the number two is different from
three, just 24 hours after coming into the world?
Or do newborns simply prefer more to fewer? The same
experiment,but with three spots shown before two, shows the same
return of interest when the number of spots changes.Perhaps it is
just the newness? When slightly older babies were shown cards with
pictures of objects(a comb,a key,an orange and so on),changing the
number of objects had an effect separate from changing the objects
themselves.Could it be the pattern that two things make,as opposed
to three? No again.Babies paid more attention to squares moving
randomly on a screen when their number changed from two to three,
or three to two. The effect even crosses between senses.Babies who
were repeatedly shown two spots became more excited when they
then heard three drumbeats than when they heard just two;likewist
(同样地) when the researchers started with drumbeats and moved to
spots.
解题技巧:
1.广告类、时事新闻类、娱乐新闻类、影评和应用文通常出
现在报纸、杂志、海报上。
2.说明文通常选自教科书、实用技术手册或科学报道。
阅读理解抢分题之写作目的
(2017)23. What is the purpose of the last part of the text?
A. To encourage donations.
B. To advertise coming events.
C. To introduce special exhibits.
D. To tell about the Center’s history.
◆Support Pacific Science Center
Since 1962, Pacific Science Center has been inspiring a passion
(热情) for discovery and lifelong learning in science, math and
technology. Today, Pacific Science Center serves more than 1.3
million people a year and brings inquiry-based science education
to classrooms and community events all over Washington State.
It’s an amazing accomplishment and one we cannot achieve
without generous support from individuals, corporations, and
other social organizations. Visit pacificsciencecenter.org to find
various ways you can support Pacific Science Center.
阅读理解抢分题之写作目的
(2017)23. What is the purpose of the last part of the text?
A. To encourage donations.
B. To advertise coming events.
C. To introduce special exhibits.
D. To tell about the Center’s history.
A
解题技巧:根据文体类别推断写作目的。
常见的写作目的:
1.故事类的文章往往是为了愉悦读者或者是给读者一定的教育意
义;
2.广告类文章往往是为了推销一种活动或一种服务等;
3.科普类文章往往是为了普及某项科学知识;
4.议论文往往是为了阐述某一种观点。
巩固练习
讲义上的A-D四篇阅读理解
Thank You !