二轮专项阅读理解之
事实细节
Strategies for Questions Strategies for Questions of of DetailsDetails
悦读课堂
学习目标
1. 熟悉阅读理解细节题考查要点
2. 掌握阅读理解细节题解题技巧
3. 小组合作,大胆质疑，学会正确分析试题以及
解题的方法。
4. 激情投入，快乐学习。
悦读课堂
Task1小组讨论
语篇 文体 细节题题号、类型、解题依据
Passage
A
Passage
B
Passage
C
Passage
D
悦读课堂
Task1小组讨论
语篇 文体 细节题题号、类型、依据
Passage
A
Passage
B
应用文
记叙文
21.wh- “being observed” ——
being evaluated
22. “sticking closely to”——
committed
24. 综合细节题
悦读课堂
3.分析理解句子
（1）But this modest youngster, who composed
her first musical work at age six, first short
opera at age seven, and first full-length opera
based on Cinderella at age ten, is anything but
average.但这个谦虚的小女孩，6岁时就创作了她的第一部音乐
作品，7岁时创作了第一部短篇歌剧，10岁时创作了第
一部以灰姑娘为原型的大型歌剧，一点都不平凡。
悦读课堂
Task1小组讨论
语篇 文体 细节题题号、类型、依据
Passage
A
Passage
B
应用文
记叙文
21.wh- “being observed” ——
being evaluated
22. “sticking closely to”——
committed
24. 综合细节题
25. 直接细节题
“posted a video online”——
through an online video
26. 综合细节题
悦读课堂
Task1小组讨论
语篇 文体 细节题题号、类型、解题依据
Passage
C
议论文
29. 综合细节题
“Statistics show that…constant
over the past 20 years…This
stability…” ——stable
悦读课堂
3.分析理解句子
（2）Statistics show that the percentage of
people in work, the number of hours they work,
and how frequently they change jobs have
remained remarkably constant over the past 20
years.
统计数据显示，在过去的20年里，工作人口的百分比、
工作时间以及换工作的频率都保持着惊人的稳定。
悦读课堂
Task1小组讨论
语篇 文体 细节题题号、类型、解题依据
Passage
C
议论文
29. 综合细节题
“Statistics show that…constant
over the past 20 years…This
stability…” ——stable
30.“With the introduction of these
technologies,…higher real incomes
for workers” ——raise workers’
salaries
悦读课堂
Task1小组讨论
语篇 文体 细节题题号、类型、解题依据
Passage
D
说明文
33. 综合细节题
“For Gandhi…the motivation to
create a better alternative stemmed
from his love of cheesy pizza.
Pandya was spurred into taking
action after being forced to eat some
‘really bad’ dairy-free cream
cheese…” ——the poor taste of
dairy-free cheese
悦读课堂
3.分析理解句子
（3）For Gandhi, who stopped consuming
animal products five years earlier due to
environmental and animal welfare concerns, the
motivation to create a better alternative stemmed
from his love of cheesy pizza.
对于甘地，这位出于环境和动物福利方面的考虑，五年
前停止了食用动物产品的人来说，他创造更好的替代品
的动机源于他对奶酪披萨的喜爱。
3．理解细节题长难句
分析步骤：
1. 找谓语，拆结构——找出谓语动词，确
定并列句和从句
2. 去枝叶，提主干——删除形容词副词、
定从和状从、非谓语动词和介词短语
3. 辨逻辑，定翻译——将修饰部分还原，
进行翻译
悦读课堂
悦读课堂
解题技巧：题干定位法(5W1H等题型）
“题干定位法”分为三步:
• 第一步:先通过题干信息来选择定位词。
• 定位词主要是题干中的名词、动词和数
词,即问题的核心信息。
• 第二步:在原文中查找定位词或定位词的
近义词,找出相关的句子。
• 第三步:分析这些句子和选项,注意同义
改写，得出正确答案。
【2018全国卷1 C篇】
…At present, the world has about 6800 languages. The
distribution of these languages is hugely uneven. The general rule is
that mild zones have relatively few languages. Often spoken by many
people while hot. wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers.
Europe has only around 200 Languages: the Americas about 1,000.
Africa 2 400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, of which Papua
New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800. The median number
(中位数)of speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half the
worlds languages are spoken by fewer people than that.
…
30. How many languages are spoken by less than 6, 000
people at present?
A. About 6800 B. About 3400
C. About 2400 D. About 1200
悦读课堂
悦读课堂
发现：
类型：综合细节题（计算题）
解题方法：
根据阅读材料中给出的相关数据，关键是要弄清各
数据间的逻辑关系，选准计算的数据，弄清单位换算关
系，确定计算方法。
做题时，应该先阅读题目，然后带着题目中的关键
词去读文章，在阅读的同时对相关的数字、时间、年代
等作出标记，以便读完文章后能快速地运用这些信息进
行相应的计算。
Passage2
Invited by Mr. Ye Huixian, host of the well received
TV program “Stars Tonight”, Miss Luo Lin, Miss Asia in
1991, appeared as the guest hostess on the Shanghai TV
screen last Sunday.
Born in Shanghai and taken to Hong Kong when she
was only six years old, Luo Lin has never dreamed of
being Miss Asia. Her childhood dream was to be an air
hostess. Before she took part in the competition, she had
been an air hostess in Cat Hay Airline for seven years.
However, it still took her three months to learn the art of
walking on the stage, dancing, singing, making-up and
other proper manners, designed by the Asia TV Station.
Which of the following is not true?
A. Luo Lin is a native of Shanghai.
B. Luo Lin moved to Hong Kong with her parents.
C. Luo Lin won the title of Miss Asia in 1991.
D. Asia TV Station helped Luo Lin to become Miss Asia.
多余信息
悦读课堂
解题方法：
1.审题: 确定选正/误。
2.定位：查找原文中与选项内容相关的词句
3.三误一正：对原文同义表达的为正确答案。如果
定位困难,可以运用排除法，这样找
到答案的可能性就会增加。
4.为节省时间,通常找到答案就不再考虑其他选项。
发现：
类型：综合细节题（是非题）
对号入座法、排除法
悦读课堂
小试牛刀
Do American children still learn handwriting in school? In the
age of the keyboard, some people seem to think handwriting lessons
are on the way out. 90% of teachers say they are required to teach
handwriting. …
Many adults remember learning that way-by copying letters
over and over again. Today’s thinking is that short periods of
practice are better. Many experts also think handwriting should
not be taught by itself. Instead, they say it should be used as a way
to get students to express ideas. After all, that is why we write.
Handwriting involves two skills. One is legibility, which means
forming the letters so they can be read. The other is …
…
But Steve Graham at Vanderbilt says word processing is rarely
done in elementary school, especially in the early years. American
children traditionally first learn to print, and then to write in
cursive, which connects the letters. …
Which of the following is WRONG for traditional handwriting in
the USA?
A. The students are taught by practicing a long period.
B. The letters are repeated many times.
C. Handwriting includes two skills.
D. To write in cursive is taught first.
悦读课堂Passage 3
In the 19th century England people liked to go to the seaside. In
those days, ladies wore long bathing dresses, and men wore
bathing suits. Women did not walk about on the beach in their
bathing dresses. They hired a bathing machine. A bathing machine
was used for changing in, and for taking the bather down to the
sea. It cost 2 pence to hire a machine and an attendant. When she
had paid, the bather climbed up the back steps and got into the
bathing machine. Then she changed into her bathing dress. When
she had changed, the machine was pulled down to the sea. The
bathing machine stopped in the water and the bather went down
the front steps into the water. If she did not want to get into the
sea, the attendant pulled her in.
In 19th century people who used the bathing machine usually
did the following things. Which is the right order for doing them?
a. Changing into bathing clothes
b. Getting out of the bathing machine
c. Paying 2 pence
d. Getting into the bathing machine
e. Being taken down the beach
f. Getting into the water
A. e, d, a, b, f, c B. c, d, a, e, b, f
C. c, d, e, a, b, f D. d, a, e, b, f, c
悦读课堂
解题方法：
先找出最早的一个时间和事件，把它作为事
件发生的具体点，然后使用排除法将范围缩
小，从而快速地选出正确答案。
发现：
类型：综合细节题（排序题）
首（尾）排除法
悦读课堂
Task3 练习巩固 A组 (U2 Passage3)
2. According to the third paragraph, which of the
following statements is TRUE?
A. Forty kinds of potatoes can survive with little water
and salt.
B. Many types of potatoes to be planted on Mars are
developed in Peru.
C. Sixty varieties native to the Andes Mountains can
stand sudden climate changes.
D. The final criterion is that all the candidates are
immune to viruses on the earth.
悦读课堂
They will cultivate a hundred selected varieties in Mars-like
conditions that could eventually pave the way for building a dome
on the Red Planet for farming the vegetable. Of the selected
candidates, 40 are native to the Andes Mountains，conditioned to
grow in different ecological zones, which can stand sudden climate
changes and reproduce in rocky areas. The other 60 are improved
varieties, able to survive with little water and salt. They are also
immune to viruses. Those that pass the tests must meet a final
criterion—they must be able not only to grow well on Mars but
also reproduce in large quantities. “We’re almost 100 percent
certain that many of the selected potatoes will pass the tests," said
Julio Valdivia Silva, a Peruvian NASA astrobiologist (太空生物学
家) who is taking part in the ambitious project. The scientists plan
to transport 100 kilos of soil to a lab in Lima that will simulate the
complex Martian atmosphere—which contains mostly carbon
dioxide—and expose it to extreme ultraviolet (紫外线的) radiation.
If the varieties selected for next month's experiment don't adapt to
the desert soil, the researchers will introduce nutrients，which will
be provided by radiation.
悦读课堂
Task3 练习巩固 A组 (U2 Passage3)
2. According to the third paragraph, which of the
following statements is TRUE?
A. Forty kinds of potatoes can survive with little water
and salt.
B. Many types of potatoes to be planted on Mars are
developed in Peru.
C. Sixty varieties native to the Andes Mountains can
stand sudden climate changes.
D. The final criterion is that all the candidates are
immune to viruses on the earth.
悦读课堂
3. What if the selected varieties don't adapt to the
desert soil in Peru?
A. Astrobiologists will be sent there to help.
B. Nutrients will be provided to plants by radiation.
C. A Mars research center will be built for further
study.
D.100 more kilos of potatoes will be directly sent to
Lima.
悦读课堂
They will cultivate a hundred selected varieties in Mars-like
conditions that could eventually pave the way for building a dome
on the Red Planet for farming the vegetable. Of the selected
candidates, 40 are native to the Andes Mountains，conditioned to
grow in different ecological zones, which can stand sudden climate
changes and reproduce in rocky areas. The other 60 are improved
varieties, able to survive with little water and salt. They are also
immune to viruses. Those that pass the tests must meet a final
criterion—they must be able not only to grow well on Mars but
also reproduce in large quantities. “We’re almost 100 percent
certain that many of the selected potatoes will pass the tests," said
Julio Valdivia Silva, a Peruvian NASA astrobiologist (太空生物学
家) who is taking part in the ambitious project. The scientists plan
to transport 100 kilos of soil to a lab in Lima that will simulate the
complex Martian atmosphere—which contains mostly carbon
dioxide—and expose it to extreme ultraviolet (紫外线的) radiation.
If the varieties selected for next month's experiment don't adapt to
the desert soil, the researchers will introduce nutrients，which will
be provided by radiation.
悦读课堂
3. What if the selected varieties don't adapt to the
desert soil in Peru?
A. Astrobiologists will be sent there to help.
B. Nutrients will be provided to plants by radiation.
C. A Mars research center will be built for further
study.
D.100 more kilos of potatoes will be directly sent to
Lima.
悦读课堂
Task 4总结
1.细节题题型：
2.解题步骤:
3.选项解读：
细节题的正确选项特征
干扰项的特点与概括
4. 长难句分析
Post-task Reflection
细节题题型：
直接细节题、综合细节题
解题步骤:1.先读题干，熟知问题。找题干中的
定位词（关键词主要是名词，动词，形容词，副
词）
2.返回原文，准确定位。一定要注意事先找的定
位词在文中以同义词近义词反义词出现（采用查
读法）
3.分析选项，结合原文直接找到答案或用排除法
去除错误答案
悦读课堂
1.再现原文
2.对原文进行改写
3.对原文中的复杂语言现象进行简化
4.正话反说、无中生有（适用于三正一误
的是非题）
选项解读：
细节题的正确选项通常有以下特征：
悦读课堂
干扰项的特点与概括:(事实细节题的考点)
_____________信息部分正确，部分错误
______________是原文信息，但故意增
加或减少细节
____________明显不是文章的信息，与
文中事实相反或不符
___________符合常识，但不是文章的内容
___________与原句的内容极为相似，
但在程度、态度、褒贬色彩上有变动
扩大(缩小)范围
无中生有
答非所问
正误并存
偷换概念
以偏概全
__________是原文信息，但不是题干要求
的内容
悦读课堂
Task 5 作业
1. 五年B组
Unit 1-1,4 ；Unit 2-2,4
2. 把错题整理到错题集上，分析长难句
小结解题步骤
（1）找关键词——读题，找题干关键词（问什
么找什么，除此之外，还可以借助典型词，如
中文注释、国名、地名、人名、数字、斜体、
特殊符号等）
（2）定位——根据关键词定位答案所在句
（3）确定答案——找出和原文相符的答案
例题讲解
例题1. Even if someone offers to take you out to lunch for
free, the time you will spend in the restaurant still costs you
something in terms of forgone opportunities.
结构分析：
（1）找谓语，拆结构。
句子中有三个谓语动词，说明包括两个从句或者并列句。
（2）去枝叶，提主干。为
even if 引导的让步状语从句，( you will spend in the restaurant
)为省略 that 的定语从句，修饰先行词the time，△in terms of
forgone opportunities为介词短语作状语。
得出主干为 The time costs you something.
（3）辨逻辑，定翻译。
即使有人提出免费带你出去吃午餐，就放弃机会理论而言，花在饭
店的时间仍然会让你失去某些东西。
例题2. By knowing precisely what you are receiving and what
you are missing out on, you ought to be able to make better-
informed, more reasonable decisions.
结构分析：
（1）找谓语，拆结构。
句子中有三个谓语动词，说明包括两个从句或者并列句。
（2）去枝叶，提主干。
better-informed, more reasonable为形容词；By knowing
precisely what you are receiving and what you are missing
out on 为介词短语作状语，其中knowing precisely what you are
receiving and what you are missing out on为非谓语动词，逻辑
主语为句子主语，what you are receiving and what you are
missing out on引导的宾语从句。
得出主干为 You ought to be able to make decisions.
（3）辨逻辑，定翻译。
精确知道得到什么和错过什么，你应该能够做出更明智更理智的决
定。
例题3. Some people find the idea of opportunity cost extremely
discouraging: imagine spending your entire life calculating
whether your time would be better spent elsewhere doing
something more profitable or enjoyable.
结构分析：
（1）找谓语，拆结构。
句子中有四个谓语动词，说明包括三个从句或者并列句。
（2）去枝叶，提主干。
extremely为副词，entire为形容词，imagine spending your entire
life calculating whether your time would be better spent elsewhere
doing something more profitable or enjoyable为“：” 后解释说明
的祈使句，其中spending your entire life calculating为非谓语动词,
whether your time would be better spent elsewhere doing
something more profitable or enjoyable为whether引导的宾语从句。
得出主干为：Some people find the idea of opportunity cost
discouraging: imagine spending your life…
（3）辨逻辑，定翻译。
一些人会发现机会成本的想法非常令人泄气：想像一下你花一辈子计算你
的时间是否可以被花在别处做更有益的或有趣的事情。
【检测】
1. The researchers note that attention should be
given to “training methods that would prepare
volunteers for troublesome situations or provide
them with strategies
For coping with the problem they do experience”.
（1）找谓语，拆结构
_____________________________
（2）去枝叶，提主干
_____________________________
（3）辨逻辑，定翻译
_____________________________
结构分析：
[that attention should be given to “training methods that
would prepare volunteers for troublesome situations or
provide them with strategies for coping with the problem they
do experience”] 为 that 引导的宾语从句，其中（that would
prepare volunteers for troublesome situations or provide
them with strategies for coping with the problem they do
experience”）为 that 引导的定语从句，修饰 training methods,
（they do experience） 为省略引导词的定语从句，修饰 the
problem。
抓主干：The researchers note that…
翻译：研究人员指出应该关注培训方法，这会使志愿者为麻烦的情
形做好准备或者给他们提供解决问题的策略。
课堂小结
细节理解的要点
细节理解
直接细节题
综合细节题
长难句分析
课后巩固
五年B组
Unit 1-1,4
Unit 2-2,4
第二节 练习与讲评
1. 检查作业
五年B组
Unit 1-1,4
Unit 2-2,4
2. 课堂训练
Unit 3-2,4
Unit 4-2,4
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