猜测词义
高考阅读理解之
词义猜测题常用的提问方式有：
1. The word “...” refers to/probably means……
2. The underlined word “…”could best be
replaced by……
3. What do you think the expression “…”stands
for……?
4. By saying “…”,we mean……
5. “…”,as used in the passage can best be defined
as ……
6. Which of the following words can take the
place of the word “…”?
7. The underlined phrase “…”is closet in meaning
to…..?
8. The underlined word “..” roughly means…?
If you come
across the new
words when
reading,
What will you do ?
生活
常识
上下文
对比
转折 因果
关系
同位
关系
同义词
反义词
构词法
定义
猜
How to guess the meaning of words?
1. Definition 定义法
3. Similarity 相似法
2. Contrast 对比法
4. Cause and effect 因果法
5. Example 例举法
8. Common Sense 普通常识
6. Word Formation 构词法
猜测词义
7. Context 上下文
It will be very hard but very brittle —
that is , it will break easily.
1. Definition 定义法： 一般通过定义、定语
（从句）或同位语（从句）来确定词义。
A. fragile B. soft C. weak D. strong
The herdsman , who looks after sheep,
earns about 650 yuan a year.
(n. 牧羊人)
1.定义法
定义或释义关系常由定语从句或由is，
or， that is (to say), in other words， be
called，be known as, be defined as等词汇
或破折号来表示
Guess the Meaning of the Word
小
结
2. Contrast 对比法：
利用文中的反义词以及表对比关
系的词（组）猜测词义。
表示对比的词有but、 while 、
or、however、 otherwise、
nevertheless等。
Most of us agreed, however, Bill dissented.
She is usually prompt for all her classes,
but today she arrived in the middle of her
first class.
A. punctual B. late C. slowly D. quickly A
(disagreed)
Tests on rats show that those who raise two
or three litters of pups do considerably
better in tests of memory and skills than rats
who have no babies.
A. baby rats B. animals
C. old rats D. grown-up rats
My mind was in a million different places.
Thanks to the strict training , Bell is now no
longer nervous and a lot more confident.
A. she was absent-minded
B. she was nervous
C. she was excited
D. she was curious
表转折关系的词常有如but, while,
however, instead of , rather than ,
unlike, yet, otherwise, though
on the contrary等。
小结
3. Similarity 相似法：利用同义
词、近义词或词组猜测词义。
1.Cleaning up waterways is an gigantic
task .The job is so large, in fact, that the
government may not be able to save some
of the rivers and lakes which have been
polluted.
(adj. 巨大的;极大的)
根据同义词，
2.The new tax law supersedes, or replaces,
the law that was in effect last year.
and ,or ,such as, like， for example,
for instance常连接同义词组 。
小结
取代
…
“The Dave you saw on TV was the real
Dave,” says friend Pat Williams, “He wasn’t
a great actor or a great speaker. He was just
Joe Everybody.”
74. “He was just Joe Everybody.” ( in the
last paragraph) means _____.
A. Dave was famous
B. Dave was ordinary
C. Dave was stupid
D. Dave was shy
In lab tests, carbon dioxide was better than heat
and several other lures in drawing the bedbug out
of hiding.
The underlined word “lures” means something to
A. used to attract bugs
B. used to kill bugs
C. that can tease bugs
D. that can feed bugs
4. Cause Effect 因果法：从原因推
测结果，从结果推测原因。
One who is destitute has a great need for
food and clothing.
That museum is so immense that it will be
impossible to see all the exhibits in one day.
(adj. 贫穷的,穷困的)
(adj. 大的)
Eg. She did not hear what you said because she was
completely engrossed in her reading.
Not hear what you said
concentrate/focus her attention on
Since I have finished my paper now, I am going to
give myself a treat tonight. I am going to watch a
movie on campus, an action movie called “Face
Off”.
The underlined words “a treat” here means ____.
A. an action movie B. something pleasant to enjoy
C. a rest D. something nice to eat
1.All his attempts to unlock the door was
futile, because she was using the wrong
key. 徒劳的
Guess the meaning of the word根据因果关系
小结
常用关联词(如because，as，
since，for，so，thus，as a result
，so, so … that, such … thatso, so … that, such … that
therefore等)表示前因后果。
5. Example 例举法：利用文中的举例
猜测词义。常见的举例的提示词有for
instance, for example, such as等 。
Today young couples often spend lots of
their money on appliances, for instance,
washing machines, refrigerators and
color televisions.
(n. 电器用具)
6. Word Formation 构词法：
英语单词大多是由词根、词头（前缀）
和词尾（后缀）所组成。词根是单词最基本
的部分，表达单词的基本含义。在词根前或
后加上前缀或后缀，可以用来引申或转变原
词的意义。只要我们掌握了各种词根、词头
和词尾的基本含义，那么就可以很容易猜测
出由其构成的新词的含义了。
中学英语中常见的前缀和后缀有：
super- (超) mini- (极小的, 微小的)
micro-（极微小的） re- （再，反复）
mis-（误，恶） im-（不）
un-（不，非） in-（不，非）
non-（不，非） -able（能…的 ）
-less（不，无） -wards (向)
superman childish
(超人)
nonnatural mispronouce
(非自然的)
homeless antiageing
(无家可归的)
shewolf sleep-walk
(母狼)
Can you guess the right meanings?
(孩子气的)
(抗衰老的)
(发错音)
(梦游)
1. With their shining brown eyes,
wagging tails, and unconditional love,
dogs can provide the nonjudgmental
listeners needed for a beginning reader
to gain confidence. (2003NMET)
unconditional:
nonjudgmental:
无条件的，绝对的
没有判断力的
2.根据构词法：合成、派生（前缀、后缀）、转化等
Many artists find inspiration in
traditional Indian designs
A. confidence
B. creative ideas
C. power
D. good advice
According to Morrissey, trying to find a diet
that can cure your illness ,or make you
superwoman is a fruitless search.
43.“a fruitless research” means__
A. an effort without results
B. a search for diet without fruits
C. a research on fruitless diet
D. a diet serving as medicine
Spending as little as $US 5 a day on someone
else could significantly boost happiness, the
team at the University of British Columbia
found.
A. help to find B. help to bring
C. help to increase D. help to getC
7. Context 上下文：利用语境及前后的
提示来猜测词义。
下文：Their experiment on more
than 630 Americans showed that they
were measurably happier when they
spend money on others…..
根据上下文线索
The whole family had experienced such a storm
before and everyone remembered the damage it
had caused to stock and crops．There was very
little we could do about the corps. But we needed
to protect the animals in case the river flooded
again．
The underlined word "stock" refers to_________.
A. money owned by the family
B．goods for sale
C. supplies for family use
D．farm animals
3. How has the coyote shown this extraordinary
ability?” I guess if you wanted to use one word,
it’d be ‘plasticity’.” Coyotes can live alone, in
pairs, or in large packs like wolves, hunt at night
or during the day , occupy a small region or an
area up to 40 square miles, and live on all sorts
of food, from lizards（蜥蜴）and shoes, to ants
and melons.
63. The underlined word “plasticity” in Para. 2
refers to___.
A. the ability to fit the environment
B. notorious smartness
C. hunting ability
D. being human-tolerant
Tom saw an owl in a tree last night．
A．a bird B．an animal C. a star
2）Tom saw an owl last night．
A．a bird B．an animal C. a star
Tom saw an owl in a tree last night but it
flew away when he got near．
A．a bird B．an animal C. a starA
A B C
A B
((n.n. 猫头鹰猫头鹰))
33））The children are looking at an The children are looking at an apeape..
A A．．a kind of monkey Ba kind of monkey B．．a kind of tree a kind of tree
C C．．a kind of birda kind of bird
The children are looking at an ape at the zoo．
A．a kind of monkey B．a kind of tree
C．a kind of bird
The The children children are are looking looking at at a a large, large, hairyhairy apeape at at the the
zoozoo．．
A A．．a kind of monkey Ba kind of monkey B．．a kind of tree a kind of tree
C C．．a kind of birda kind of bird
AA
AA BB
C.C.
A
C
(n. 猿)
8. Common sense 普通常识：根据普通常识和
生活经验来猜测词义。
在阅读的过程中，如遇到生词，有时可以根据
自身的直接或间接的经验，或运用自己已有的常识
将其推测出来。比如了解一些英美国家的天文地理、
风俗习惯、宗教信仰、政治结构、社会制度等，可
以帮助加深对文章的理解，遇到生词时，猜测词义
的能力自然就会增强。
When a doctor performs an operation on a patient，
he usually gives an anesthetic to make him
unconscious，because he does not want his
patient to feel pain or to know what
is happening to him. n. 麻醉剂(药)
嫁妆
Guess the meaning
根据生活常识
In old days, when girls from
rich families were married to
their husbands, they expected to
bring with themselves a large
quantity of dowry.
Can you guess the correct meanings of the
following words?
----------------------------------------------------
1. There are some glaciers moving down the
mountain valleys. A glacier is a river of ice.
A. 雪山 B. 树枝 C. 冰河 D. 冰
2. He is a resolute man. Once he made up his
mind to do something, he won’t give it up halfway.
A. weak B. stubborn C. kind D. clever
C
B
3. Mrs. Smith is loquacious while her husband is
A man of few words
A. 活泼的 B. 好动的 C. 多嘴多舌的 D. 可爱的
4. Those new comers were not used to the life in
the outskirts which was so different from that
inside the city.
A. town B. capital C. countryside D. house
C
C
5. Children are always boasting. They say
things like “My Dad’s car is bigger than
your Dad’s,” “My Mom is smarter than
yours.” and “My family has more money
than yours.”
The word “boasting” means _____.
A. 骄傲 B. 吹牛 C. 顽皮 D. 幼稚B
6. A bike tour and race will be held on Aug 26
and 27. At 5:30 am, the riders will leave
Tiananmen Square and ride the first 35 km as a
training leg. Then the next 55 Km leg from
Yanjiao to Jixian, will be the first competition.
The underlined word “leg” probably means
_______.
A. race B. practice
C. part of the training D. part of the tour
A man’s position among the black-tent people
depends on his ancestors, relatives, and fellow
tribesmen. If they are honored, he is also honored.
If they are disgraced, he too is disgraced. Therefore
one carefully guards the honor of his family, his
lineage(宗系), and his tribe.
The word “disgrace” means _________ in this text.
A. honor B. endanger C. proud D. shame D
Passage 3
The ruler had been so cruel and dishonest that
after the revolution he was banished. A few
members of the Senate(参议院) opposed this
decision, but the majority voted that the ruler
should leave the country for ever.
The underlined word “banished” mean_______.
A. killed by stoning B. sent away
C. imprisoned D. punished by whipping
B
My first job was to drive the oxen that ploughed the
cane fields. I would walk behind an ox, guiding him
with a broomstick. For $ 1 a day, I worked eight hours
straight, with no food breaks. It was very tedious work,
but it prepared me for life and taught me many lasting
lessons. Because the plantation owners were always
watching us, I had to be on time every day and work as
hard as I could.
What does the underlined word “tedious” probably
mean?
A. interesting B. tiresome C. relaxing D. unusualB
Passage 5
Although he often had the chance, Mr. Brown
was never able to steal money from a customer.
This would endangered his position at the bank,
and he did not want to jeopardize his future.
The word “jeopardize” means _____ in this text.
A. protect B. endanger C. continue D. stopB
Passage 6
After a four-year relationship with a major
fortune 100 company beginning as a sales trainee
and ending as a regional sales manager, I left the
company at the height of my career. Many people
were astounded that I would leave after earning a
six-figure income. And they asked why I would risk
everything for a dream.
The underlined word “astounded” means ____.
A. very sad B. very sorry
C. very pleased D. greatly surprised D
同学们在做词义猜测题时注意不要脱离
语境。有些常用词在特定的上下文中，或专
业性文章中，具有特殊的或专门的词义。在
解这类题时，必须仔细地研读划线部分的上
下文，有时要用到词义猜测技巧中的几项。
如果离开特定的语言环境来理解生词意义，
必然会理解错误。
1. Definition 定义法
3. Similarity 相似法
2. Contrast 对比法
4. Cause and effect 因果法
5. Example 例举法
8. Common Sense 普通常识
6. Word Formation 构词法
猜测词义
7. Context 上下文
Summary
goodbye
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