语法专题 被动语态语法专题---动词的语态 语法讲解一．语态的语法意义 语态是用来说明主语和谓语之间关系的一种动词形式。二．语态的分类
三．被动语态的构成和形式1．被动语态的构成 英语的被动语态由助动词be加及物动词的过去分词构成；助动词be有人称、数和时态的变化；其变化与连系动词be完全相同。 2．被动语态的形式
一．主动语态变为被动语态的方法1．一般情况1）把主动结构的宾语变为被动结构的主语（如为代词，宾格形式须变为主格形式）2) 把主动结构的谓语动词由主动语态变为被动语态。3）主动结构的主语变为介词by的宾语，组成介词短语放在谓语动词之后。由于被动语态 强调动作的承受者，对于动作的执行者有时可不必提及。因此，这类by短语常常可以省 略。例如：主动语态：She wrote a letter yesterday. 被动语态：A letter was written by her yesterday. 主动语态：They are building a road.被动语态：A road is being built (by them).2．含双宾语：将其中一个宾语变成主语，另一个宾语不变（一般都是把表示人的宾 语即间接宾语变为主语）例如：主动语态：We gave her some books.被动语态：She was given some books (by us). 或 Some books were given to her (by us).
3．含复合宾语：将宾语变成主语，宾语补足语不动。 例如：主动语态：We asked the teacher to explain the difficult sentences again. 被动语态：The teacher was asked (by us) to explain the difficult sentences again.4．含情态动词：情态动词不动，将其后的动词原形改成被动语态，即“情态动词+be+ 及物动词的过去分词”。例如：主动语态：We must finish the work. 被动语态：The work must be finished (by us).5．含短语动词：谓语动词是短语动词的，在变为被动语态时，不可丢掉末尾的介词或 副词，因为它是一个不可分割的词组。例如：主动语态：The nurse takes good care of the children. 被动语态：The children are taken good care of (by the nurse). 主动语态：They have successfully carried out the Party’s policy. 被动语态：The Party’s policy has been successfully carried out.二．被动语态的适用范围 1．不知道或不必指出动作的执行者，例如：The glass is broken.The meeting is scheduled for April 6th. 会议定于四月六日举行。 Raincoats are sold in the shop. 这家商店出售雨衣。2．强调动作的承受者，例如：A subway will be built in the city.Mr. Li was elected chairman of the committee. The first prize was won by Henry.3．出于策略、婉转、礼貌等不提出动作的执行者，例如：About that project, much has been said but little has been done. That plan was generally considered not practical.Customers are requested not to touch the exhibits.4．避免变更主语，以求行文通顺，例如： 老教授手摇轮椅来到讲台上，受到学生们的热烈欢迎。The old professor wheeled himself to the platform and the students warmly applauded him.（不简洁）The old professor wheeled himself to the platform to and was warmlyapplauded by the students. (简洁、连贯)5．It+ be+过去分词+that从句（这是一种惯用结构，常用的动词有：say, report, expect, prove, suppose等。）例如： It is reported that gold has been found there.It is expected that prices will go down.It is believed that he is the manager of three different businesses. 6．be+ 过去分词+ 不定式，例如：It is supposed to be most valuable. 据说它非常有价值。 She is thought to be a good singer.They were reported to be sailing in the Pacific. Notes:7．有些时候，被动语态会给人一种冷淡、疏远、公事公办的感觉，或者可信度并不那 么强。比较：Aunt is taking care of the child. (主动，熟悉，亲切) The child is being taken care of. (被动，疏远，冷淡) Mother told me that. (主动，可信度强)I was told about that on the train. (被动，可信度小) 8．被动句中的by短语通常可以省略。但如果by短语是句子的重点所在，或者没有by短语则句义不完全时，则不可省略。例如：The tool was made by my father. (the tool为已知事物，my father为新的信息，是重 点所在，不能省略)The meeting was followed by a short interval. (by a short interval 不可省略，否则 句义不清)9．在被动句中，by短语通常位于过去分词之后；但如果有间接宾语伙同其他状语并 列使用时，则by短语通常位于其后。例如：She was given a new pen by her father.Taking a walk is considered a good exercise by most people. They are watched naturally very closely by the soldiers.三．常见的被动语态句型：
四．不能变为被动语态的句子结构1．如果动词的宾语是反身代词或相互代词，不可变为被动语态。例如： The girl can already dress herself.They often help each other.2．如果动词的宾语为主语身体的一部分，不可变为被动语态。例如： On hearing the news, he couldn’t believe his ears.He shook his head at my suggestion. She cried her eyes out.3．如果动词的宾语是同源宾语，或是表示行为、态度的宾语，不可变为被动语态。例如： She dreamt a sweet dream.The girl smiled her thanks. 4．某些动词和宾语构成一个固定词组，不能变为被动语态。常见的有：speak one’smind, lost one’s heart, do one’s best, make a face, keep watch, keep words, take one’s place, make up one’s mind, make room, make believe(假装), keep one’s company(陪同), take one’s time, take office(就职), take one’s leave(告辞), make bed, take notes, lost patience, take up arms, take flight等。例如：She caught a very bad cold. He ate his words.5．如果enter, reach, leave等的宾语时表示处所、地点（国家、团体、组织、军队 等），不能变为被动语态。例如：He left the army in 2002.She entered the hall gracefully.6．如果动词的宾语是动名词或不定式，不能变为被动语态。例如： He likes to watch sunrise on the veranda.She started singing at the bell ring. 7．如果谓语时态是将来进行时或完成进行时，不能变为被动语态。例如：She will be watering the garden this time tomorrow.The students have been cleaning the hall since 3 o’clock in the afternoon.8．表示质量、大小、数量、长度、程度的名词宾语不可变为被动语态。例如： The stone weighs a ton.9．含有had rather, would rather或情态动词dare的句子不可变为被动语态。例如： I would rather do it now.He dare not do it.10．Have做行为动词用时，一般不可变为被动语态。例如： He has had lunch.五．具有被动意义的主动语态结构 1．“主语+动词have(get)+宾语+过去分词”，表示有意识的被动行为，动作的执行者不一定就是句子的主语。例如：We had the machine repaired. I have my hair cut every month.2. “主语+动词have(get)+宾语+过去分词”，表示无意识的被动行为，动作的执行者 不是句子的主语。相反，主语遭受到这种动作的影响。例如：He got his leg broken in an accident. 3．“主语+连系动词+表语”，连系动词如：smell, taste, sound, prove, feel等。主语一般指物。例如：The flowers smell sweet.The food tastes nice.4．“主语+不及物动词+主语补足语”,不及物动词,如wear, blow等,注意一般指物。 例如：The material has worn thin.The door blew open.5．“主语+can’t, don’t或won’t+不及物动词”，表示主语的某种属性特征的不及物动 词如：move, lock, shut, open 等，主语一般指物。例如：The door won’t shut.His books don’t sell.6．“主语＋不及物动词＋副词”，不及物动词，如：read, write, wash, clean, draw, burn, cook等；副词如：well, easily, quickly等。例如：She doesn’t photograph well. This kind of rice cooks quickly.7．有时用动词的现在进行时形式也可以被动意义，如：print, build, cook, fry, hang, make等。例如：The supper is preparing.The house is building. The meat is cooking.8．在少数动词（表示需要的含义，如want, need, require）之后的动名词主动形式 以及在be worth结构之后的动词名词主动形式均表示被动意义。例如：Your hands need washing.That pair of shoes wants mending. The machine requires repairing.The book is worth reading. 9．“主语＋be+形容词”后用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。例如：The rock is hard to break. The fish is not fit to eat.10．表示开始、结束、运动的动词不用被动语态，如：begin, finish, start, open, close, stop, end, shut, run, move.例如：Work began at 7 o’clock this morning.The shop closes at 6 p.m. every day.11．介词in, on, under＋名词构成的介词短语表示被动意义。例如：The house facing the tower is in the possession of Mr. Bob.The question is under discussion 六．get(got)+过去分词也可构成被动语态。get常同marry, beat, break, damage, tear, strike, hurt, paint, invite, repair, dress 等动词的过去分词连用，构成被动语态一般指动作的结果而非动作本身，常指“最后终于，突然发生”。例如：John and Jane got married last month.Jack got thrown out of college for failing his exams. 注意：这种结构侧重于动作的结果而非动作本身；这种结构在人们谈到突然发生、未曾预料到的事故，或者用了in the end, eventually, at last等状语时尤其常见。例如： In the end he got caught.He got killed when driving. 七．被动语态与系表结构的区别“be+过去分词”可以是被动语态，也可以是系表结构。二者的区别是：被动语态表示的 是动作，句子中的主语是动作的对象，句中可以用介词by所引导的短语；而系表结构则表 示主语的特点或所处的状态，一般没有介词by引导的短语。例如：The book was written by a young writer. 这本书是一位青年作者写的。（被动语态）The book is well written. 这本书写的好。（系表结构）The school gate is shut by an old man at 6 pm every day. 每天下午6点学校大门 由一位老人来关。（被动语态）The school gate is shut now. 学校大门现在关着。（系表结构）
1. Officials say that few patients with the virus owing to the effectiveprevention.A. infected B. are infected C. have infected D. be infected2. All his attention on the computer game he was playing, so he even didn’t notice his mother enter the room.A. has been fixed B. was fixing C. was fixed D. fixed3. --_ the baseball match might be put off.--Yes, well, it all depends on the weather.A. I had been told B. I’ve told C. I’m to be told D. I’ve been told 4.—Have you called Mr. Johnson’s office?--Yes, he back before tomorrow noon. So he can attend our meeting on time.A. expected B. is expected C. is expecting D. is to expect5. How can I make sure my feet , Doctor Li?A. don’t smell B. aren’t smelt C. haven’t smelt D. won’t be smelt6. World War II when Anthony started school in 1942.A. had been fought B. was fightingC. was being fought D. was fought 7. –I am not going to play football this year, Mum.-- That’s music to my ears. I was so afraid you __.A. will be hurt B. would get hurt C. had got hurt D. were hurt8. The number of people in the world _ about 6 billion and large quantities of waste each year.A. total, has been produced B. totals, is producedC. totals, are produced D. total, are being produced9. A new cinema _ here and they hope to finish it next month.A. has been built B. had been built C. is being built D. was been built10. –The recent snow storm in China is really terrible.--Yes. A lot of damage __.A. are caused B. were causedC. has been caused D. had been caused11. I can’t see any coffee in this cupboard. __?A. Has all been finished B. Was it all finishedC. Has it all finished D. Did it all finish12. –I don’t suppose the police know who did it.--Well, surprisingly they do. A man has been arrested and now _ .A. has been questioned B. is being questionedC. is questioning D. has questioned13. –Mom, I can’t find my new T-shirt. _?--Yes, you have to wear another one.A. Was it washed B. Is it being washedC. Was it being washed D. Was it to be washed14. –You know Beijing Olympic tickets can online from April, 2007.--Yes, and I’m sure the 110-metre hurdles tickets will _ well.A. be booked, sell B. book, be soldC. be booked, be sold D. book, sell15. All the spare time he has playing in the computer room.A. spent B. to spend C. to be spent D. is spent 16.Our Chinese teacher and head teacher, whose experiences like a poem, can always inspire us to spare no effort in our study.A. sounds B. sound C. is sounded D. are sounded17. Although the causes of cancer , we do not yet have any practical way to prevent it.A. are being uncovered B. have been uncoveringC. are uncovering D. have uncovered 18. English has been changing for centuries, and even now, new words andexpressions nearly every day.A. are added B. are being addedC. have added D. have been added 19.—Have you seen John around? We to play tennis.--Well, his racket’s here on the table. He’ll be backing a minute, I think.A. suppose B. have supposed C. will suppose D. are supposed20. –What’s the schedule for the 9th of this June?--A graduation ceremony in the lecture hall.A. holds B. will hold C. is held D. will be held Keys: 1—5 BCDBA 6—10 CBCCC 11—15 ABBAD 16—20 BABDD
一．试题第一节（共 5 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 7.5 分）听下面 5 段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选出 最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有 10 秒钟的时间来回答有关 小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1．How does the woman want to go there?A．By taxi. B．By bus. C．By subway. 2．What time is it?A．7: 17. B．7: 00. C．7: 43.3．Why is the man surprised?A．He can’t believe so much time the woman spent. B．He found the homework very difficult.C．The homework is difficult to complete in forty minutes. 4．Why won’t Lucy go to the party?A．She has to work. B．She has to study. C．She has a headache. 5．What does the man mean?A．Richard was very successful. B．Richard was very confident. C．Richard hasn’t done very well.第二节（共 15 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 22.5 分）听下面 5 段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C 三 个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读 各个小题，每小题 5 秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出 5 秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读 两遍。听第 6 段材料，回答第 6 至 8 题。6．What does the man invite the woman to do?A．To sing a song. B．To listen to the blues. C．To go swimming. 7．Why is the woman not in the mood?A．Because she is too tired.B．Because she has to work.C．Because her daughter brings her some trouble. 8．What will the woman do then?A．Go to work.B．Go to her daughter’s school.C．Go to persuade her daughter to go back to school. 听第 7 段材料，回答第 9 至 11 题。9．Where is their car?A．Around the corner. B．Outside the gate. C．Outside the wall. 10．What have they done just now?A．To buy 999 roses for the woman.B．To celebrate the girl’s birthday in a restaurant. C．To attend a concert together.11．What’s the relationship between the speakers? A．They’re just common friends.B．They’re father and daughter. C．They’re boyfriend and girlfriend. 听第 8 段材料，回答第 12 至 14 题。 12．Why does the man make the call?A．He wants to get the directions to the school.B．He wants to know where the party will take place tonight. C．He wants to know where the Main Street is.13．How will the man get there? A．He will drive there.B．He will take his roommate’s car. C．He will take his friend’s car.14．Where is the Hyatt Hotel? A．In the Brattle Street.B．In the Kearney Street. C．Both A and B.听第 9 段材料，回答第 15 至 17 题。 15．What has the man done for his car? A．Fill up the gas and oil.B．Fill up the gas and change a new set of tires. C．Fill up the oil and change a new set of tires. 16．How much is the oil?A．$ 2.50 a quart. B．$ 14 a quart. C．$ 16.50 a quart. 17．Which one doesn’t the gas station accept?A．Visa card. B．Master card. C．American Express. 听第 10 段材料，回答第 18 至 20 题。18．Who will the pop singers attract in the town?A．All the people.B．Mainly the young people. C．Only workers. 19．The police will be there _.A．because they also have interest in the Greenwood Boys’ songs B．to help to keep orderC．because there will be trouble 20．What can we learn from the text? A．The group will come by plane.B．The group will stay for five days. C．The group will give four performances.
I．用两种方法把下列句子变成被动语态：Example: He gave me a present.I was given a present.A present was given to me.1. Mother often tells her children a story at bed time.2. A polite girl served tea to the old ladies.3. John gave Lucy a dozen roses.4. Someone had set fire to the house.5. You must pay attention to your writing. II．把下列句子变为主语语态：1. Mary is known to be a nice girl.2. Which book was written by your grandfather?3. A steel plant is being built in this city now.4. Is the meat kept in the fridge (by him)?5. A doctor ought to be sent for.6. She was chosen our League secretary.7. Was Li Ping seen going out?8. The pupils weren’t allowed to go swimming(by the teacher).9. This is called a chemical change.10. Are many trees planted by people every year? III．判断下列句子的正误，正确的在括号内写R，错误的写W：1. ( )It was happened during the Anti-Japanese War. ( )It happened during the Anti-Japanese War.2. ( )The window was broken yesterday. ( )The window broke yesterday. 3. ( )Great changes have taken place in China since 1987.( )Great changes have been taken place in China since 1987.4. ( )Fire was broken out in the neighborhood last night. ( )Fire broke out in the neighborhood last night.5. ( )Which door is this key belonged to? ( )Which door does his key belong to?
( )1. All the colour TV sets out before we arrived.A. are sold B. have been soldC. will be sold D. had been sold ( )2. The work soon.A. will be finished B. has been finishedC. will finish D. finishes( )3. His “Selected Poems” _ in 1970.A. were published B. was publishedC. is published D. has been published ( )4. The Great Wall all over the world.A. was known B. is knownC. was knew D. is knew( )5. The problems now.A. are discussed B. are discussingC. are being discussed D. is going to discuss ( )6. That big room _ for meetings.A. uses B. shall use C. is using D. can be used ( )7. These films until tomorrow morning.A. can’t develop B. aren’t developingC. won’t develop D. won’t be developed ( )8. Meat too long in the oven.A. is not left B. must not be leftC. is not to leave D. is not being left( )9. She held something at her side which _ by the folds of her dress.A. hid B. hided C. was hidden D. was hiding ( )10.A storm by a calm.A. is often being followed B. was often followedC. is often followed D. has often been followed ( )11.—I’d like to buy that coat.—I’m sorry __.A. it sold B. it’s sellingC. it’s been sold D. it had been sold( )12. The fifth generation computers, with artificial intelligence, and perfected now.A. developed B. have developedC. are being developed D. will have been developed( )13.Sir Denis, who is 78, has made it known that much of his collection to the nation.A. has left B. is to leave C. leaves D. is to be left( )14. Great as Newton was, many of his ideas today and are being modified by the work of scientists of our time.A. are to challenge B. may be challengedC. have been challenged D. are challenging( )15. Once environmental damage _ , it takes many years for the system to recover.A. has done B. is to do C. does D. is done( )16. Neither of the men who had applied for the position is the university _.A. had been accepted B. have been acceptedC. was accepted D. were accepted ( )17.— the sports meet might be put off.—Yes, it all depends on the weather.A. I’ve been told B. I’ve told C. I’m told D. I told( )18. Cleaning women in big cities usually get _ by the hour.A. pay B. paying C. paid D. to pay ( )19. Visitors not to touch the exhibits.A. will request B. requestC. are requesting D. are requested( )20. This is Ted’s photo. We miss him a lot. He trying to save a child in the earthquake.A. killed B. is killed C. was killed D. was killing
1．There’s no ink in the bottle, because all the ink .A. was used up B. has been used upC. was used D. has been used2．_ that a new road in front of our building soon.A. It is said, will be built B. We say, was builtC. It was said, has been built D. He says, was going to build 3．Percent of the land here rice fields.A. have turned into B. has been turnedC. have been turned D. has been turned into 4．What kind of information _ to you?A. has given B. has been given C. was he given D. he has given 5．The soldier in the fighting.A. got hurt B. hurt C. hurts D. has hurt 6．Please show me another. This cup .A. is broken B. was broken C. has broken D. is breaking 7．This novel _ well.A. sells B. is sold C. will be sold D. has been sold 8．---This cloth _ well and long.---OK, I’ll take it.A. washes, lasts B. is washed, lastedC. washes, is lasted D. is washing, lasting 9．I wonder how long ago the accident __.A. takes place B. have taken placeC. had taken place D. took place 10．How sweet the music _!A. sounds to be B. is sounded C. is sounded to be D. sounds11．---Have you moved into the new house?---Not yet. The rooms _.A. are being painted B. are paintingC. are painted D. are being painting12．If city noises _ from increasing, people shout to be heard even at the dinner table 20 years from now.A. are not kept, will have to B. are not kept, have toC. do not keep, will have to D. do not keep, have to 13．In some parts of the world, tea with milk and sugar.A. is serving B. is served C. serves D. served 14．I need one more stamp before my collection .A. has completed B. completesC. has been completed D. is completed 15．--- the sports meet might be put off.---Yes, it all depends on the weather.A. I’ve been told. B. I’ve told C. I’m told D. I told 16．Cleaning women in big cities usually get by the hour.A. pay B. paying C. paid D. to pay 17．Visitors not to touch the exhibits.A. will request B. request C. are requesting D. are requested 18．In order to prevent the fire preventing, some of the houses nearby before the firemen arrived.A. were pulled down B. had been pulled downC. have been pulled down D. had pulled down 19．The police found that the house and a lot of things _.A. has broken into, has been stolen B. had broken into, had been stolenC. has been broken into, stolen D. had been broken into, stolen 20．When he came in, the guests and for the concert.A. all seated, waiting B. all seated, waitedC. were all seated, waiting D. were all seating, waiting 21．The vegetables didn’t taste very good. They for too long.A. were cooked B. have been cookedC. cooked D. had been cooked22．A new bridge across the river. Work started last year and the bridge is expected to open next year.A. is built B. was being built C. will be built D. is being built 23．His eyes shone brightly when he finally received the magazine he _.A. had long been expected B. had long expectedC. has long expected D. was long expected 24．---What’s happened to Joe?--- to hospital.A. He’s taken B. He’ll be taken C. He’ll take D. He’s been taken 25．---Can he get the first prize for running?---Impossible now. He to do so, but he has just hurt his leg.A. is expected B. was expected C. has expected D. would expect
听力原文(Text 1)M：Do you feel like taking a taxi or catching a bus? W：Neither. Subway is more convenient.(Text 2)W：The film starts at half past seven. M：We still have thirteen minutes. (Text 3)W：This chemistry homework was difficult. I worked all night and couldn’t finish it.M：You worked all night? It took me only forty minutes. (Text 4)M：Jack’s not going to the party because he has to work.W：Rob has to study and Lucy has a headache. So they aren’t going, either. (Text 5)W：Has Richard done well in the spoken English test yesterday? M：Well, he should have been more confident.(Text 6)M：Shall we go swimming, Mary? W：I’m not in the mood.M：What’s the matter?W：My daughter is trying to stay away from school. M：That’s why you are singing the blues?W：Anyway, I’ll have to work things out and put her back to school. (Text 7)W：It gets dark very early. It’s time to go back.M：I can’t remember where we parked. W：It’s just outside the gate.M：There it is!W：The concert is terrific! Thank you, Bob! M：Mary ! Wait, come here. Look!W：How beautiful they are!M：Yeah. There’re 999 roses there and a sincere heart here. W：Thank you, Bob! Thank you!M：Happy birthday to you! (Text 8)M：Hello, may I speak with Sarah, please? W：Sarah’s not here. Can I take a message?M：No, no message. I was just calling for directions to the party tonight. Do you know where it is?W：Sure, I’m going, too. It’s in the grand ballroom of the Hyatt Hotel. M：And what’s the best way to get there from school?W：Will you be driving?M：Well, I won’t, but my friend Bill has a car, and my roommate and I will be going with him.W：Okay, it’s really easy. Just go straight down Main Street heading toward downtown. Then turn right on Brattle Street. And go down about four blocks and the Hyatt is on the corner of Brattle and Kearney streets. And the grand ballroomis on the second floor. Did you get all that?M：Got it. Thank you! (Text 9)M：Damn, I’m almost out of gas. W：What can I do for you?M：Fill it up with unleaded, please. And can you check the oil, too? W：Sure, you’re about a quart low. Shall I put a quart in for you?M：Please.W：You know, you could really use a new set of tires. The ones you have are badly worn. I could do that for you right now. It wouldn’t take more than thirty minutes.M：And the price?W：Well…that depends on how good a set of tires you want.M：No, I’m late for work anyway. I’ll just take the gas and oil today. How much will that be?W：Let’s see. 14 for the gas and 2.50 for the oil makes 16 dollars and 50 cents. M：Do you take credit cards?W：Only visa and master card, not American Express. M：Fine, here’s my visa.(Text 10)The Greenwood Boys are a group of pop singers. At present, they are visiting all parts of the country. They will be arriving here tomorrow. They will be comingby train and most of the young people in town will be meeting them at the station. Tomorrow evening they will be singing at the Workers’ club. The Greenwood Boys will be staying for five days. During this time, they will give five performances. As usual, the police will have a difficult time. They will be trying to keep order. It isalways the same on these occasions.
听力答案1-5CAACC 6-10CCCBC 11-15CBCCA 16-20ACBBB
必会基础 I．用两种方法把下列句子变成被动语态：I. 1. Her children are often told a story at bed time. A story is often told to her children at bed time. 2. Tea was served to the old ladies (by a polite girl).The old ladies were served tea (by a polite girl). 3. A dozen roses were given to Lucy. Lucy was given a dozen roses. 4. The house had been set fire to. Fire had been set to the house. 5. Your writing must be paid attention to. Attention must be paid toyour writing.II．把下列句子变为主语语态：II. 1. Everybody knows Marry to be a nice girl. 2. Which book did your grandfather write? 3. They are building a steel plant in this city now. 4. Does he keep the meat in the fridge? 5. We ought to send for a doctor. 6. We chose her our League secretary. 7. Did someone see Li Ping going out? 8. The teacher didn’t allow the pupils to go swimming. 9. We call this a chemical change. 10. Do people plant many trees every year?III．判断下列句子的正误，正确的在括号内写R，错误的写W：III. 1. W R 2. R W 3. R W 4. W R 5. W R
提高拓展：I．1~5 DABBC 6~10 DDBCC 11~15 CCDCD 16~20 CACDC
链接高考：1. B 被动语态也具有时态，其变化取决于时间状语，及句中所设情境。此处为现在 完成时，表示对现在的影响。短语use up表示“用光”。2. A It is said that… “据说……”3. D 短语动词turn into是及物性质的，变成被动语态后，附加的介词into是不能省 略的。类似的短语动词还有：look at, laugh at, send for, call on, carry out, take care of, make use of, depend on, look up, pay attention to, hand in, put on, give up等。 4. B 有一部分及物动词后面跟直接宾语和间接宾语，动词后缺少一个宾语，就应该用被动语态。这类动词除了give以外，还有：offer, pass, show, tell, invite, explain, make, buy, ask, train, want等。5. A get+过去分词结构 6. A be+过去分词可以是被动语态，也可以是系表结构。此处为系表结构表状态。7. A 像sell这类的动词加上副词表示该物品的性质或状态，不用被动语态。虽为被动 含义，但动词使用主动语态的形式。例如：The coat wears well. 这件外套好穿。 The book reads well. 人们喜欢读这本书。 The pen writes well. 这笔好用。 These clothes sells well. 这些衣服畅销。8. A9. D 英语中有些动词不能用于被动语态：break out, take place, happen, belong to, cost, fit, fail, suit, have, let, suffer, pass(时间流逝), kill the time, enter, meet, join10. D 系动词没有被动语态。11. A 第一句提供现在完成时态。答语在说明此时此阶段的情况，应用现在进行时态。12. A keep city noises from increasing“不使城市噪音上升”13. B serve tea“供应茶，上茶”。14. D15. A 本句强调具体的目前一件事情的结果，应用现在完成时。16. C17. D request sb. (not) to do sth. 要求某人(不)做某事18. B before引导的时间状语从句中使用过去时，pull down the house 发生在 firemen 到达之前，所以应该用过去完成时。19. D 从句动作发生在found之前，而且break into和steal与the house和things为 被动关系，因此用过去完成时的被动语态。第二个分句中a lot of things had been stolen省略了had been。20. C seat“使……就座”，与就座者是被动关系。题意：当他进来时，客人们已就座而 且正在等待音乐会。21. D cook是taste之前的动作，应用过去完成时。22. D 从后半句“工作去年开始，大桥预期明年开放”可以看出“新桥正在被修建”。23. B expect“期待”，这句中不须用被动语态。24. D 注意答语与问句时态的呼应。25. B
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