单元综合检测(五)
第一部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Homestay provides English language students with the opportunity to speak English outside the classroom and the experience of being part of a British home.
What to Expect
The host will provide accommodation and meals.Rooms will be cleaned and bedcovers changed at least once a week.You will be given the house key and the host is there to offer help and advice as well as to take an interest in your physical and mental health.
Meal Plans Available
*Continental Breakfast
*Breakfast and Dinner
*Breakfast，Packed Lunch and Dinner
It's important to note that few English families still provide a traditional cooked breakfast.Your accommodation includes Continental Breakfast which normally consists of fruit juice，cereal，bread and tea or coffee.Cheese，fruit and cold meat are not normally part of a Continental Breakfast in England.Dinner usually consists of meat or fish with vegetables followed by dessert，fruit and coffee.
Friends
If you wish to invite a friend over to visit，you must first ask your host's permission.You have no right to entertain friends in a family home as some families feel it is an invasion of their privacy.
Selfcatering Accommodation in Private Homes
Accommodation on a roomonly basis includes a shared kitchen and bathroom facilities and often a main living room.This kind of accommodation offers an independent lifestyle and is more suitable for the longstay student.However，it does not provide the same family atmosphere as an ordinary homestay and may not benefit those
who need to practise English at home quite as much.
【语篇解读】 本文是写给要到英国学习语言的人看的，主要介绍了英国的Homestay的特点以及具体的信息。
1．Which of the following will be provided by the host?
A．Room cleaning. B．Medical care.
C．Physical training. D．Free accommodation.
A [细节理解题。根据文章第二段第二句“Rooms will be cleaned and bedcovers changed at least once a week.”可知A项Room cleaning是对方提供的服务之一，故A选项正确。]
2．What does Continental Breakfast include?
A．Cheese and cold meat. B．Fruit and coffee.
C．Fruit juice and bread. D．Dessert and tea.
C [细节理解题。根据“Your accommodation includes Continental Breakfast which normally consists of fruit juice，cereal，bread and tea or coffee.”可知早餐包括果汁、面包、茶、咖啡等。故C选项正确。]
3．What's the advantage of selfcatering accommodation for students?
A．To practice English.
B．To be independent.
C．To make more friends.
D．To enjoy warm family atmosphere.
B [细节理解题。由文中最后一段的“This kind of accommodation offers an independent lifestyle and is more suitable for the longstay student.”可知，selfcatering accommodation可以给学生提供一个独立的生活方式。故选B。]
B
Britain's seed bank，the only one in the world aiming to collect all of the planet's wild plant species，has reached its goal of banking 10 percent by 2010.
The Millennium Seed Bank Project，run by Kew Gardens—one of the oldest botanical gardens—will officially deposit the 24,200th species on Thursday，a pink，wild banana from China.
More than 50 countries are now on board with Kew's giant task but vast places of
the globe，including India and Brazil，still need to join in and donate seeds，director Paul Smith said.
The seed bank is one of the largest and most diverse in the world with more than 1.5 billion seeds.Its goal is to help protect the planet's biodiversity during a time of climate change.
The wild banana seed is under threat of extinction(灭绝) in southwest China from agricultural development.It is a vital food source for Asian elephants and important for growing bananas for human consumption.
Stored at minus 20 degrees centigrade，so they can last for thousands of years，the seeds await the day that scientists hope never comes—when the species no longer exist in the wild.
It is a race against time，Smith said，because in the last decade alone,20 plants held in the bank have already been wiped out in the wild.He estimates that between a third and a quarter will become extinct this century.
“It is urgent and it is happening now.An area，the size of England，is cleared of primary vegetation(植被)every year.” Smith said.
Because most of the world's food and medicines come from nature，protecting wild plant species is quite important，scientists say.There are already many other seed banks safeguarding food crops，which only account for 0.6 percent of plant diversity.
For Kew's next goal—to collect a quarter of wild varieties by 2020—the botanists need 10 million pounds a year，or a further 100 million pounds on top of the 40 million they have already been granted.
【语篇解读】 和动物一样，植物也面临灭绝。阅读本文，你会了解到英国一家世界唯一的种子库的目标及所取得的成就。
4．What's the final purpose of the Britain's seed bank?
A．To collect enough money for the project.
B．To safeguard food crops.
C．To protect wild plants from extinction.
D．To help scientists study wild plants.
C [推理判断题。根据文章叙述可知搜集种子的目的是为了防止一些植物的灭绝。]
5．The wild banana seed in China is in danger because of .
A．the expanding of farming work
B．the climate change in this area
C．the large number of Asian elephants
D．human's large consumption
A [细节理解题。根据文章第五段提到的“from agricultural development”可知A项正确。]
6．We can learn from the passage that .
A．the seeds in the bank can be used now and then all over the world
B．India and Brazil haven't joined in the Seed Bank Project at present
C．there is only one seed bank in the world at present
D．the wild plants in places like India and China will never die out
B [推理判断题。根据文章第三段提到的“including India and Brazil，still need to join in and donate seeds，”可知印度和巴西还没有参加。]
7．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 7 refer to?
A．The extinction of plant species.
B．The Millennium Seed Bank Project.
C．Britain's seed bank.
D．Kew Gardens' next goal.
B [代词指代题。根据下文叙述“在过去二十年就有20种已搜集的植物灭绝”可知it是指的“该机构”。]
C
Imagine this: You're at the movies seeing the latest boxoffice hit.The leading actor chases down the film's bad guy before winning over the beautiful leading lady.What does he do next? He sucks on a cigarette.
What's wrong with this picture? Doesn't the beautiful woman see her hero's yellow teeth? Doesn't she smell his smoky breath? And wouldn't the good guy have trouble chasing，since smoking causes a person to cough?
But you don't see any of that when someone smokes cigarettes in the movies.And there is a lot of smoking in movies.Actors light up in more than 50 percent of youthrated (G，PG，PG 13) movies，according to the American Legacy
Foundation，which aims to put an end to smoking among young people.That means that Hollywood is showing 14 billion images of smoking to young people every year.
All that exposure to onscreen smoking can influence teens to smoke.The Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) argues that 44 percent of teens who begin smoking do so because they've seen smoking in movies.The CDC reports that teens are two to three times more likely to start smoking after seeing repeated smoking scenes in movies than teens who are lightly exposed to smoking in movies.
Several organizations are working to remove smoking in youthrated movies.And adults are not the only ones who care about this issue.Many teens are actively involved.Livia Clandorf,16，of Chatham，New York，is a member of Reality Check，an organization that educates teens about what it considers to be the manipulative(巧妙处理的) practices of tobacco companies.Livia participated in an event called a “movie stomp(跺脚)”．Reality Check rents out a movie theater and screens a youthrated film that shows smoking.Every time audience members see smoking，they stomp their feet and show disapproval by shouting “boo”．
【语篇解读】 本文主要写了电影中一些吸烟的镜头导致青少年开始吸烟，这已经引起了社会的反感。
8．What purpose does Paragraph 1 serve in the passage?
A．To provide background information of a movie.
B．To attract readers' attention to the topic.
C．To describe a plot in a movie.
D．To offer some basic knowledge of cigarette.
B [推理判断题。本段主要描述了电影里吸烟的场景，因此可知，本段在于引出本文话题，即电影中吸烟对青少年的影响，故选B。]
9．What is the picture you are asked to imagine like according to the author?
A．It's touching. B．It's beautiful.
C．It's frightening. D．It's unreasonable.
D [推理判断题。 根据第二段的一系列的问句What's wrong with this picture？Doesn't the beautiful woman see her hero's yellow teeth？Doesn't she smell his smoky breath？And wouldn't the good guy have trouble chasing，since smoking causes a person to
cough？(这张照片怎么了？美女没有看到她主人公的黄色牙齿吗？难道她没有闻到他那股冒烟的气息吗？那个好男人难道不会因为吸烟引起一个人咳嗽而很难追上他吗？)可以看出作者认为这幅图片是不合理的，所以答案选D。]
10．What can be inferred from the CDC's words?
A．Over 50 percent of teens smoke.
B．Teens should watch more movies.
C．Many movies cause teens to smoke.
D．Teens are less likely to smoke than adults.
C [推理判断题。根据第四段“that 44 percent of teens who begin smoking do so because they've seen smoking in movies.(44%的青少年开始吸烟是因为他们在电影中看过吸烟。)”所以答案选C。]
11．When will participants in a “movie stomp” stomp their feet?
A．When they are active.
B．When they are excited.
C．When they feel like smoking.
D．When they see smoking scenes.
D [细节理解题。根据最后一段“Every time audience members see smoking，they stomp their feet and show disapproval by shouting ‘boo’．”所以答案选D。]
D
Blue Planet II's latest episode focuses on how plastic is having a devastating effect on the ocean and slowly poisoning our sea creatures.Researchers recently also found that sea creatures living in the deepest place on Earth，the Mariana Trench，have plastic in their stomachs.Indeed，the oceans are drowning in plastic.
Though it seems now that the world couldn't possibly function without plastics，plastics are a remarkably recent invention.The first plastic bags were introduced in the 1950s，the same decade that plastic packaging began gaining in popularity in the United States.This growth has happened so fast that science is still catching up with the change.Plastics pollution research，for instance，is still a very early science.
We put all these plastics into the environment and we still don't really know what the outcomes are going to be.What we do know，though，is disturbing.Ocean plastic is estimated to kill millions of marine animals every year.Nearly 700 species，including
endangered ones，are known to have been affected by it.One in three leatherback turtles，which often mistake plastic bags for jellyfish，have been found with plastic in their bellies.Ninety percent of seabirds are now eating plastics on a regular basis.By 2050，that figure is expected to rise to 100 percent.
And it's not just wildlife that is threatened by the plastics in our seas.Humans are consuming plastics through the seafood we eat.I could understand why some people see ocean plastic as a disaster，worth mentioning in the same breath as climate change.But ocean plastic is not as complicated as climate change.There are no ocean trash deniers (否认者)，at least so far.To do something about it，we don't have to remake our planet energy system.
This is not a problem where we don't know what the solution is.We know how to pick up garbage.Anyone can do it.We know how to dispose (处理) of it.We know how to recycle.We can all start by thinking twice before we use singleuse plastic products.Things that may seem ordinary，like using a reusable bottle or a reusable bag—when taken collectively，these choices really do make a difference.
【语篇解读】 本文主要介绍了蓝色星球二最近的研究方向主要聚焦在塑料对海洋产生的影响上。
12．Why is plastics pollution research still a very early science?
A．The plastics pollution research is too difficult.
B．Plastics have produced less pollution than coal.
C．The world couldn't possibly function without plastics.
D．Plastics have gained in popularity too fast for science to catch up.
D [细节理解题。根据文章第二段倒数第二句“This growth has happened so fast that science is still catching up with the change.”可知，塑料应用普及得太快，相应的科学研究无法跟上其普及节奏。因为导致塑料污染研究仍然是一门非常早期的科学。故正确答案为D。]
13．How did the author support his opinion in Paragraph 3?
A．He presented data.
B．He mentioned remarks from experts.
C．He used examples from his own experience.
D．He used the strategy of comparison and contrast.
A [推理判断题。根据文章第三段中“millions of marine animals.Nearly 700 species，One in three，Ninety percent of seabirds”等词句可知，作者在本段中使用数据来说明塑料对海洋生态造成的严重影响。故正确答案为A。]
14．What can we infer about climate change?
A．Climate change is caused by human activities.
B．Some people cast some doubts on climate change.
C．Climate change is less important than ocean pollution.
D．Ocean plastic is more complicated than climate change.
B [推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段倒数第二、三句“But ocean plastic is not as complicated as climate change.There are no ocean trash deniers (否认者)，at least so far.”可知，海洋塑料问题没有气候变化那般复杂，至少目前，还没有人对海洋塑料问题否认。由此推知目前已有人对气候变化表示质疑。故B项正确。]
15．What is the main idea of this passage?
A．Ocean plastic is a global issue.
B．The oceans become choked with plastic.
C．Blue Planet II has left viewers heartbroken.
D．Plastics gain in popularity all over the world.
B [主旨大意题。通读文章可知，文章首段点出当前海洋塑料污染问题严重、海洋生物受到威胁，接着用数据说明海洋生物受到塑料威胁的严峻程度，并说明海洋塑料污染借由海洋生物进一步影响人类自身的事实。可以看出文章主要围绕着“海洋塑料污染严重”这一内容展开。B项“海洋被塑料堵塞了”体现了文章主要内容。故B项正确。]
第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Thanks to worldfamous Colombian writer Garcia Marquez，many people think of Latin America as a land of magic.In his books，impossible things happen.
16 It may come from the mix of different cultures and ethnicities (种族) in Latin America.Although some of these differences have caused conflicts，they have also been a source of beauty，as well as encouraged people in Latin America to be more
openminded.
Latin America includes more than 30 countries and areas located south of the United States in the American continent.From north to south，it starts from Mexico in North America，goes through the Caribbean and ends at the southernmost tip of South America.
Latin America's environment is quite diverse.People can enjoy sunshine in the Caribbean islands，ride horses on the green grasslands of the Pampas，and explore volcanoes and snowcapped mountains in the Andes. 17 Many of the world's most unique plants and animals live there.
There is also a diverse mix of people in Latin America. 18 In countries like Mexico and Colombia，over half of the population is of mixed ethnicity.However，most of them speak the same languages—Spanish or Portuguese.
19 Latin American people have created the samba，rumba，cha cha and tango.These dance styles require dancers to hold each other closely and move passionately. 20
Latin America is an open and romantic place.Its impressive natural environment，historical contributions and cultural traditions have made it unique and influential.
A．It has natives，Africans and Europeans.
B．Where does the magic in his books come from?
C They are cheerful and can bring strangers together.
D．It even has the world's biggest rainforest—the Amazon.
E．Many people in Latin America have open and romantic hearts.
F．The music and dance of Latin America are quite wellknown.
G．To most people，Latin America is a land of happiness and passion.
【语篇解读】 由于世界著名的哥伦比亚作家加西亚·马尔克斯，许多人认为拉丁美洲是一块神奇的土地。文章介绍了拉丁美洲的有关事宜。
16．B [下文提示“它可能来自拉丁美洲不同文化和种族的混合”。结合下文提示可知，上文应该是一个问句，由此推知，B项 Where does the magic in his books come from？(他书中的魔力来自哪里？)切题。故选B。]
17．D [上文提示“人们可以在加勒比群岛享受阳光，在潘帕斯草原上骑马，探索安第斯山脉的火山和积雪覆盖的山脉”，再根据下文提示“
许多世界上最独特的动植物生活在那里”，承接上下文，D项It even has the world's biggest rainforest—the Amazon.(它甚至拥有世界上最大的雨林——亚马逊。)切题。故选D。]
18．A [上文提示“拉丁美洲也有各种各样的人”。承接上文，A项It has natives，Africans and Europeans.(这里有当地人、非洲人和欧洲人。)切题。故选A。]
19．F [下文提示“拉丁美洲人创造了桑巴、伦巴、恰恰和探戈”。承接下文，F项 The music and dance of Latin America are quite wellknown.(拉丁美洲的音乐和舞蹈非常有名。)故选F。]
20．C [上文提示“这些舞蹈风格要求舞者紧紧地抱在一起，充满激情地舞动”。承接上文，C项They are cheerful and can bring strangers together.(他们很快乐，可以把陌生人带到一起。)切题。故选C。]
第二部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
“Love is caring，”Grandma told me as I sat at her bedside.She was in bed and receiving hospice care(临终关怀护理)．
As immigrants，Grandma's families were 21 .First，they started a sausagemaking business.Then，they ran a grocery store.As the Depression(经济大萧条) raised its 22 head in 1929，many families couldn't afford groceries.Her father insisted on helping by extending credit to them.But，his selfless help led to financial disaster 23 large numbers of the credit extensions went unpaid.
Disaster didn't stop there.After her parents' deaths two years later，Grandma 24 the debts，lost the business and mothered her brothers，looking after and protecting them.She fell sick from sadness，feeling hopeless and helpless. 25 ，she finally pulled herself together.She persuaded creditors to give her time to repay them.She found a job in a candy shop. 26 ，all of her family's debts were repaid.Her 27 kept the family from bankruptcy(破产)．
Through her many losses，Grandma found the strength to give and be 28 for the smallest things.She never made complaints about the families that 29 to repay her
even after their hardships ended.
I remembered the 30 she had told us many times.Her sister Olivia was 31 hard times.She only had two dollars in cash to get herself through the week then.But after struggling，she 32 slipped her very last two dollars into an envelope 33 to Olivia.
“Be appreciative of everything，Lauren.And love others.Love is caring，”Grandma 34 .
Looking at the courage of a woman facing 35 made me realize I had so much to learn.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在祖母临终前探视她时，对她坚强、富有爱心的一生做了追忆，并告诉我们“爱就是关怀”这一人生真理。
21．A.united B．adventurous
C．reliable D．cautious
B [根据后两句可知，作者的祖母一家先后开办了香肠制作店和食品杂货店，这说明他们很有冒险精神(adventurous)。]
22．A.rigid B．big
C．ugly D．heavy
C [根据空格所在句可知，此处应用ugly来形容经济大萧条，暗含了人们对大萧条的痛恨之情。]
23．A.although B．unless
C．before D．when
D [根据空格前一句及本句中空格前的部分可知，在经济大萧条的形势下，作者祖母的父亲坚持为人们提供信贷服务。但是当人们不能偿还信贷时，他无私的关爱给他的家庭带来经济灾难。when“当……的时候”，符合语境。]
24．A.took over B．turned over
C．picked up D．made up
A [根据上文中的After her parents' deaths two years later和下文中的She found a job...可知，祖母的父母去世后，她承担(take over)了那些债务。]
25．A.Therefore B．Meanwhile
C．Otherwise D．However
D [根据空格前面的句子和所在的句子可知，但是她最终振作起来了。前后句之间存在语义上的转折关系，故however符合语境。]
26．A.In turn B．In time
C．In secret D．In surprise
B [过了一段时间之后，她家的债务终于(in time)还清了。]
27．A.intelligence B．fortune
C．confidence D．determination
D [根据上文她说服债主延长还债期限，找到工作并还清债务的内容可知，祖母有很大的决心(determination)。]
28．A.ready B．thankful
C．respectful D．responsible
B [祖母经历了许多挫折，却没有对生活心生怨恨，反而感激生活赋予的一切。下文中的Be appreciative of everything亦是提示，thankful“感激的”，符合语境。]
29．A.refused B．promised
C．pretended D．intended
A [即使是对那些已度过困难时期却拒绝(refuse)偿还信贷的家庭，作者的祖母亦不曾有过抱怨。]
30．A.business B．challenge
C．activity D．story
D [根据语境可知，此处指祖母多次讲述的一件往事(story)。]
31．A.going around B．going with
C．going through D．going over
C [祖母的妹妹正经历(go through)困难时期。]
32．A.calmly B．hesitantly
C．thoughtfully D．gently
A [根据下文中的into an envelope to Olivia可知，尽管祖母只剩下两美元来度过那一周，但她还是把这仅有的两美元装到信封里寄给了妹妹。此处用calmly表明祖母内心的平静，更能说明她的爱心之伟大。]
33．A.presented B．conveyed
C．written D．addressed
D [参见上题解析。address“写(收信人)姓名地址”，符合语境。]
34．A.continued B．repeated
C．responded D．explained
B [作者的祖母重复道：Lauren，要对一切事物心存感激。要关爱他人。爱就是关怀。repeat重复，符合语境。]
35．A.unfairness B．uncertainty
C．death D．danger
C [祖母一生经历了那么多艰难困苦，却都一一克服，所以看到她面对死亡的勇气让作者意识到自己还有很多要学习的地方。此处用death呼应文章开头的hospice care(临终关怀护理)。]
第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
People with colour blindness can't see colours in a normal way.Colour blindness 36 (affect) approximately 1 in 12 men and 1 in 200 women in the world.
There are various causes of colour blindness.For the majority of colourblind people，the condition is something they have from 37 (bear)，although some people get it later in life because of diseases.
Most colourblind people can see things as clearly as other people，but 38 are unable to fully “see” red，green or blue light.There are different types of colour blindness and there are extremely rare cases 39 people are unable to see any colour at all.The 40 (common) form of colour blindness is red/green colour blindness.Although 41 (know) as red/green colour blindness，the form of colour blindness doesn't mean sufferers 42 (mere) mix up red and green.It means they mix up all 43 (colour) that have some red or green as part of the whole colour.
The effects 44 colour blindness can be mild，moderate (中等的) or severe.Approximately 40% of colour blind people are even unaware that they're colour blind.Statistically 45 (speak)，most people with a moderate form of red/green colour blindness can only identify 5 coloured pencils from a standard box of 24 pencil crayons.
【语篇解读】 色盲的人不能以正常的方式看到颜色。文章介绍了不同类型的色盲。
36．affects [句意：全球约有1/12的男性和1/200的女性患有色盲。此处在说一个客观事实，所以句子用一般现在时态，主语是Colour blindness，为第三人称单数，故答案为affects。]
37．birth [句意：对于大多数色盲患者来说，这种情况是他们从出生就有的，尽管有些人因为疾病在晚年才患上这种疾病。此处from是介词，结合句意可知答案为名词birth。]
38．they [句意：大多数色盲的人能像其他人一样清楚地看到东西，但他们不能完全“看到”红色、绿色或蓝色的光。此处用they代替上半句中的Most colourblind people，故答案为they。]
39．where [句意：色盲有不同的类型，在极其罕见的情况下，人们根本看不到任何颜色。此处cases是先行词，在后面的定语从句中作地点状语，故答案为where。]
40．most common/commonest [句意：最常见的色盲是红/绿色盲。结合句意可知此处用最高级，故答案为most common/commonest。]
41．known [句意：虽然被称为红/绿色盲，但这种形式的色盲并不意味着患者只是把红和绿混在一起。此处句子主语the form和form之间是一种被动关系，省略了相同的主语和be动词，是过去分词与although连用作让步状语，故答案为known。]
42．merely [句意：虽然被称为红/绿色盲，但这种形式的色盲并不意味着患者只是把红和绿混在一起。此处mix是副词，由副词来修饰，故答案为merely。]
43．colours [句意：这意味着他们混合了所有的颜色，有一些红色或绿色作为整体颜色的一部分。根据all可知后面的名词用复数形式，故答案为colours。]
44．of [句意：色盲的影响可以是轻微、中度或严重的。此处表示所有“ 的”，故答案为介词of。]
45．speaking [句意：据统计，大多数患有中度红/绿色盲的人只能从24支铅笔的标准盒中辨认出5支彩色铅笔。此处是现在分词的独立主格结构，故答案为speaking。]
第三部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
请根据下文提示，写一篇短文，描述你种花的经历。
1．邻居种花，我也想尝试，从图书馆里的书上看到这方面的知识；
2．种了一些牵牛花种子，天天浇水；
3．最终没有破土而出；
4．请教邻居，才知道原因是浇水和施肥太多。
注意：
1．词数：80左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：牵牛花morning glory
花盆 flowerpot
肥料 fertilizer
【参考范文】
Some of my neighbors began to grow flowers.So I wanted to have a try myself.
According to what I had learnt from a book in the library，I sowed some seeds of morning glory in a flowerpot with a lot of fertilizer，and watered them every day.But，to my disappointment，morning glory didn't come up.So I went to consult one of my neighbors.He told me my failure was due to too much water and fertilizer.
The experience has taught me the lesson：Never go beyond the limit even if for good purpose.
第二节(满分25分)
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Rats eat our food or make it so dirty that it isn't fit for people at all.That's why people often kill them by laying down poison.After a day or two，they find the poison still there.The rats haven't touched it，even though it is near the food which they eat.People think they must be clever and cunning.Some scientists have been trying to
find the best way to poison rats.They have watched to see just what a rat does day and night.They have found out that rats aren't so clever.They are just very shy.
Rats usually live in holes.They run from these holes to the places where they eat and drink.They have special paths on which they travel each time.So they know their paths quite well.
If anything new，such as stone or wood，is put in the path，the rats won't go near it at first as they are too frightened.It will take them many days to get over the fear.They are also frightened to go near a place that they know，where something has been taken away.If a path goes around a rock，the rats follow the same path around the rock each time.If the rock is taken away，they will still run round the place where the rock was! They won't cross the empty place，which is now open to them，even though it would be quicker.
Rats will always keep away from anything unusual to them.That's why they won't eat poison on the first or second night.They usually won't go anywhere near it for about four days until they get used to being there.Even then they only eat a little at a time.If people want to kill rats with poison，all they have to do is to leave it out for a few days.Once the rats have got used to it，they will eat it and die.
【参考范文】
It is generally considered that rats are smart enough not to be poisoned.(要点一)That's not true.Actually，they just refuse to accept new things.Rats are familiar with their particular paths.If any change takes place on their usual paths，they feel unsafe to use them.(要点二)Generally speaking，it took several days for rats to adjust themselves to their new surroundings.Therefore，they won't be poisoned until they become familiar with the change.(要点三)
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