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课时素养评价 六
Unit 2 Developing ideas
Ⅰ. 根据首字母或汉语提示写出正确的单词
1. As a tourist, you will need to use the underground in London or the subway in New York.
2. The rent for an apartment there is very high.
3. It’s more than likely that the thieves don’t know how much it is worth.
4. Does this restaurant have a smoking section?
5. I’ve been trying to contact you all day.
6. No payments were made last week because of a computer error(错误).
7. The math’s examination was rather (相当) difficult; to our joy, a number of students passed it.
8. “Smart” can mean “intelligent” or “sarcastic”, depending on the context (上下文).
9. Some TV programs have a negative (负面的) effect on children because they contain too much violence.
10. Jerry did not regret giving the comment (评论).
Ⅱ. 单句语法填空
1. I do look forward to receiving (receive) your reply letter as soon as possible.
2. Tom suddenly became aware of people looking at them.
3. According to the weather forecast, it will rain tomorrow.
4. He didn’t come to school today because he had a frog in his throat.
5. Americans use a flashlight, while for the British, it’s a torch.
6. Not only you but also he is(be) fond of the book.
7. Here are (be) some tips to help you.
8. She came across some old photos in a drawer.
9. She reminded Tom to pay (pay) attention to what the teacher was saying.
10. I’d rather you didn’t make any comment on the issue now.
Ⅰ. 阅读理解
A
Language is born of culture and in turn reflects the history of a culture. This is clear when we compare English in Britain, the United States and Australia.
Of the three dialects, British English has the most confusing grammar and spelling rules. This is probably because the development of English has been under the control of the upper class. The modern English language came into being in the 18th century. The upper class who
spoke French wanted to show their influence and make themselves different from the uneducated working people. In other words, British English reflects the English character with class.
The US dialect is generally recognized as the easiest to understand. Compared with British English, its spelling is more connected with its pronunciation. And its grammatical rules are much easier to follow. What’s more, its words are simpler to pronounce. For foreigner, it’s much easier to learn. That’s why American English is more popular in the world.
The reason why American English is simpler than British English is connected with its special history. British English was mainly influenced by the upper class. But American upper class didn’t exist when American English was born. American English was based on the dialects spoken by working people from different countries. So the formation of American English was based on a rule to help all the working people with different cultural backgrounds communicate more easily.
Australian English is different from British and American English. It is the most vulgar(粗俗的)of the three. Actually it has a tendency to show its invention, disrespect and humor. At times, this can make it almost impossible to understand and quite impolite to some educated speakers. That is partly connected with special identity of the early settlers.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文,
讲述的是一国语言能反映出一个国家的文化历史。
1. Why is British English more confusing than American English?
A. Because it was influenced by the upper class.
B. Because English people are more educated.
C. Because it was totally created by Frenchmen.
D. Because England was more powerful in the past.
【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第二段Of the three dialects, British English has the most confusing grammar and spelling rules. This is probably because the development of English has been under the control of the upper class. 可知, 是因为英式英语的发展受到上流社会的影响。
2. American English is more popular than British English worldwide because ______.
A. it has fewer words
B. the US has a shorter history
C. the US has a larger population
D. it is easier to learn for foreigners
【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第三段的Compared with British English, its spelling is more connected with its pronunciation. . . That’s why American English is more popular in the world. 可知, 是因为美式英语更容易学。
3. What can we infer from the passage?
A. Australian English is easy to understand.
B. Australian English is preferred by educated people.
C. Modern English became popular in the 18th century.
D. American English may develop from working people’s language.
【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据第四段的American English was based on the dialects spoken by working people from different countries. So the formation of American English was based on a rule to help all the working people with different cultural backgrounds communicate more easily. 可推测美式英语是来源于劳动人民的语言。
4. Which of the following can best describe Australian English?
A. Polite. B. Rude. C. Welcome. D. Special.
【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第五段的It is the most vulgar of the three. Actually it has a tendency to show its invention, disrespect and humor. 可知答案。
B
English is English, right? Not exactly. Although Americans share the same language as those in Great Britain, words that commonly mean one thing in America can mean something completely different in Britain. Here are some examples.
In the United States a bird is, well, an animal with feathers. In England, however, a bird is often used to describe a young female, similar to the way young women are referred to “chicks” in America. But be careful when you are calling your boss’ daughter a bird, because some
Britons consider the word a negative expression.
Saying you need a new trainer in America means something quite different from it does in England. In the US, trainers are healthy and strong experts who can help you work out. However, in England, trainers are just another name for tennis shoes.
In America, the word “jumper” usually means a call to 911, as it can refer to a person who’s trying to jump from a bridge or building. The meaning couldn’t be more different in Great Britain, where “jumper” is the name given to a knit top, or, as it’s called in America: a sweater.
Telling a Londoner that you like to sleep with your comforter every night may cause some strange books, unless you’re a baby. In the US, a comforter is a cover for bed that is filled with a soft material, but in England, a comforter is a word used to describe a baby’s pacifier(橡皮奶嘴).
In America, a casket, also called a coffin(棺材), clearly has a sad meaning. In Great Britain, on the other hand, a casket has a completely different meaning: it refers to a small box used to store jewelry or other valuable objects.
If a Londoner tells an American he locked something in his boot, the American may look at him strangely. In America, a boot is a type of footwear, while in England the word is used to refer to a trunk(后备箱)of a car.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。英式英语和美式英语有些拼写相同的单词意思不同, 在文中作者给我们列举了一些这样的例子。
5. If you call a young English female a bird, she would most probably ______.
A. feel unhappy about it
B. find it very interesting
C. consider you are strange
D. think you come from the US
【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据第二段的But be careful when you are calling your boss’ daughter a bird, because some Britons consider the word a negative expression. 可推断, 英国女孩听到自己被这样叫可能会不开心。
6. In America, a middle-aged woman teaching people to do sports can be probably called a “______”.
A. chick B. trainer
C. jumper D. comforter
【解析】选B。根据第三段的In the US, trainers are healthy and strong experts who can help you work out. 可知, 在美国, trainer是指健身教练。所以, 一个教别人运动的中年女士可以被称为trainer。
7. If a Londoner says he needs to get something in his boot, he ______.
A. has locked his car by accident
B. needs to return to his car for something
C. has dropped something into his footwear
D. needs to open his casket to get some jewelry
【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据最后一段的In America, a boot is a type of footwear, while in England the word is used to refer to a trunk of a car. 可知, 伦敦人说这句话的时候, 他是要去他的车里取东西。
8. What’s the main idea of the passage?
A. English is widely spoken in the world.
B. British English has experienced many changes.
C. American English is easier than British English.
D. British English and American English have some differences.
【解析】选D。主旨大意题。根据文章内容可知, 本文主要是讲在英式英语和美式英语中有些拼写相同的单词意思不同, 这表明英式英语和美式英语是有一些差别的。
Ⅱ. 阅读填句 世纪金榜导学号
Choosing to Study Overseas
Every year, thousands of students choose to study in another country for a semester(学期), the summer, or a year. Studying overseas can be an exciting experience for many people.
1 Living in another country can help you to learn a language, and about another culture. 2 Overseas study may also look good on your future resume(简历). Many companies today want employees who speak a second language, or have experienced living or working in another
country.
Make the right choice. Once you decide to study overseas, you have to make some choices. To choose the right country or school, ask yourself: Where do I want to go and why? How much do I want to pay? 3 Do I want to live with a host family, with roommates, or alone?
Get ready to go. Get your passport and visa early! 4
Learn about the money. Bring some of money, and a credit card with you.
5 After the first few weeks overseas, many students will feel a little homesick. They may miss their families, friends, and familiar ways of doing things. When you feel sad or homesick, try to talk to others, or write about your feelings in a notebook.
A. Why do it?
B. How long do I want to study overseas?
C. You should improve your mother tongue before you go.
D. A large number of students can’t afford to study overseas.
E. You will see the world in a new way, and learn more about yourself.
F. Remember that it takes time to get used to a new place, school, and culture.
G. Before you go, learn some of the language, and read about some common customs in your host country.
【文章大意】本文介绍了选择到国外学习要考虑的问题。
1. 【解析】选A。根据下文可知到国外学习不但可以帮助你了解一门语言和一种文化, 而且对以后的求职有帮助, 因此A项概括了本段的中心。
2. 【解析】选E。根据上文“Living in another country can help you to learn a language, and about another culture. ”可知生活在另一个国家可以帮助你学习一种语言和文化; 通过下文我们了解到海外学习可能还对你未来的职业规划有好处。因此此处主要论述到海外学习的好处, 所以E项“您会以新的方式看世界和更多地了解你自己。”符合语境。
3. 【解析】选B。根据上文To choose the right country or school, ask yourself: Where do I want to go and why? How much do I want to pay? 和下文Do I want to live with a host family, with roommates, or alone? 可知此处B项“我想留学多长时间”符合语境。
4. 【解析】选G。根据主题句Get ready to go. 可知本段主要讲述做好去的准备。根据上文Get your passport and visa early! 和下文Learn about the money. Bring some of money, and a credit card with you. 可知G项符合到国外留学所做的准备工作。
5. 【解析】选F。根据下文After the first few weeks overseas, many students will feel a little homesick. They may miss their families, friends, and familiar ways of doing things. 可知在海外的头几个星期, 很多学生会有点想家。他们可能想他们的家人、 朋友和熟悉的做事方式。因此要花费一段时间才会适应新地方、学校和文化。
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