王道阅读（Assignment2)
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第一部分：阅读理解
A
Some people will do just about anything to save money. And I am one of them. Take my family’s last vacation. It was my six-year-old son’s winter break from school, and we were heading home from Fort Lauderdale after a week long trip. The flight was overbooked, and Delta, the airline, offered us $400 per person in credits to give up our seats and leave the next day. I had meetings in New York，so I had to get back. But that didn't mean my husband and my son couldn't stay. I took my nine-month-old and took off for home.
The next day my husband and son were offered more credits to take an even later flight. Yes, I encouraged—okay, ordered—them to wait it out at the airport, to "earn" more Delta Dollars. Our total take: $1, 600. Not bad, huh?
Now some people may think I'm a bad mother and not such a great wife either. But as a big-time bargain hunter, I know the value of a dollar. And these days, a good deal is something few of us can afford to pass up.
I've made a living looking for the best deals and exposing (揭露) the worst tricks. I have been the consumer reporter of NBC's Today show for over a decade. I have written a couple of books including one titled Tricks of the Trade: A Consumer Survival Guide. And I really do what I believe in. I tell you this because there is no shame in getting your money’s worth. I’m also tightfisted when it comes to shoes, clothes for my children, and expensive restaurants. But I wouldn't hesitate to spend on a good haircut. It keeps its shape longer, and it's the first thing people notice. And I will also spend on a classic piece of furniture. Quality lasts.
1. Why did Delta give the author's family credits?
A. They took a later flight. B. They had early bookings.
C. Their flight had been delayed. D. Their flight had been canceled.
2. What can we learn about the author?
A. She rarely misses a good deal. B. She seldom makes a compromise.
C. She is very strict with her children D. She is interested in cheap products.
3. What does the author do?
A. She's a teacher. B. She's a housewife.
C. She's a media person. D. She's a businesswoman.
4. What does the author want to tell us?
A. How to expose bad tricks. B. How to reserve airline seats.
C. How to spend money wisely, D. How to make a business deal.
B
Take a walk through Washington and you’ll find plenty of marble memorials(纪念碑). But is that what the future of the memorial-rich city holds? If the winners of a new design competition have their way, probably not.
The Memorials for the Future design competition invited submissions (意见书) from teams throughout the world. Though, the memorials selected won’t actually be built in the city, they were intended to start a discussion about how to think of memorials in a very different future.
Climate Chronograph, the winning project by Team Azimuth Land Craft, greatly departs from memorials as we know them. The project memorializes the harmful effects of climate change by suggesting a memorial at Hains Point, a spot between the Potomac River and Washington Channel. Just 100 years ago, the man-made island was part of the river. It came into existence after the National Park Service decided to turn the confluence(合流点) of the waters into a tidal basin to protect the nearby National Mall from floods.
Those floods are expected to come more and more often as the climate changes. Climate Chronograph will memorialize those changes by planting cherry trees as a kind of tidal gauge(潮位计) that can be used by future visitors to determine just how much water levels have risen.
The other winning projects include a project that frees mechanical parrots that fly over the Jefferson Memorial and collect and retell stories about monuments，a podcast (播客) platform that puts immigrant stories on public transportation, and an interactive memorial that brings national parks to the D. C. Metro. The competition also produced a report that points to ways America can better memorialize the things that matter—strategies that could help cities save money and space.
That’s good news, especially given that D.C.’s iconic Mall has been closed to new construction. The memorials of the future won’t just turn collective memories toward the stories of new phenomena and groups like climate change and immigrants. Rather, it seems that they’ll make use of space in new creative ways—no marble needed.
5. What is the purpose of the design competition?
A. To select the best design team.
B. To find new uses for old memorials.
C. To design new memorials for Washington.
D. To explore new ways of experiencing memorials.
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6. What can be used to replace the underlined word “departs” in Paragraph 3?
A. differs B. benefits C. suffers D. learns
7. What do we know about Climate Chronograph?
A. It will be located in a park.
B. It will be built after the competition.
C. It clearly shows the effects of climate change.
D. It uses high-tech equipment to measure climate change.
8. What would be the best title for the text?
A. A memorial to a sad future.
B. Marble memorials are out of date.
C. Climate Chronograph, memorial for our future.
D. What will the memorials of the future look like?
C
As has been all too apparent in recent days at Balcombe, few issues cause greater concern than energy policy. Many village communities feel their countryside is being ruined by the power-producing machines of wind farms; yet they never take "direct action", even though the planning laws put them at a severe disadvantage. And the generous subsidies (财政补贴) , which encourage the expansion of wind power, are not favorable to the village communities and set landowners in conflict with other residents (居民) .
Those who disagree with the rapid expansion of wind farms state that the damage they cause is out of proportion(比例) to the benefits they bring, because their energy output cannot match that of the carbon-based power stations they are supposed to replace. Supporters insist that wind must be part of a mix of renewables, nuclear and carbon, and that the country is committed to meeting EU ( European Union) targets for non-carbon energy generation.
Against this background, the fact that there is an argument within the Government over whether to publish an official report on wind farms' impact on the countryside becomes even more extraordinary. The two parties in the coalition (联合) government are in disagreement over what it should say.
We have some advice for the two parties: publish the report, and let the country be the judge. Even if it contains evidence that wind farms are harmful, it will hardly be a pleasant surprise to people who do not like them. Equally, supporters must argue their case by acknowledging the concerns and explaining why they are either misplaced or worthy of much attention.
The suggestion that further negotiations are to take place to produce an "acceptable" report suggests that the politics of coalition government are doing the country harm in a certain way. Given the sensitivities involved, all the information should be available so that people can reach their own conclusions, rather than being left with the suspicion（猜疑）that facts are being replaced by political beliefs.
9. We can learn from the first paragraph that__________.
A. energy policy catches much attention of the public
B. the residents are in favor of the expansion of wind farms
C. many village communities are satisfied with the subsidies
D. the planning laws offer great benefits to the residents
10. Supporters think that the expansion of wind power____.
A. is more rapid than that of carbon-based power
B. guarantees an increase in energy output
C. is expected to be much better than that of nuclear power
D. agrees with EU targets for non-carbon energy generation
11. It can be inferred from the passage that____.
A. an official report will settle the energy problem
B. the two parties are divided over the issue of wind farms
C. the two parties have agreed on a further negotiation
D. political beliefs concerning energy issue go against facts
12. Which of the following reflects the author's opinion?
A. Increase political impact on energy policy.
B. Release a statement of supporters on wind farms.
C. Let the nation judge the facts about wind power.
D. Leave the two parties to reach their own conclusions.
D
A block chain is a data structure that stores time-ordered data in an ever-growing list, like an accounting ledger (分类账簿). The block chain data structure is maintained using a distributed, peer-to-peer network(对等网络) of computers with no central “master”. As with many new concepts, block chain technology generates much optimism and also a huge amount of interest and excitement. Just what is it good for?
In short, block chains may improve any process where people need to access, confirm, send or store information securely. This information could be a person’s identity, a product’s shipment history or digital property like money.
Typical databases, spreadsheets (电子数据表), and ledgers store information about objects, people, and the interactions between them. Much of the world’s information, from credit card
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transactions to medical and financial records, is stored in these types of systems.
These types of systems have considerable, well-documented weaknesses that arise from their being centralized. A centralized record is hard to understand and is exposed to unauthorized access or distribution. It is also, because it is a ‘master’ copy, exposed to permanent changing or deletion.
Block chains are also used to store information. Crucially, however, they differ in two ways.
First, information is parceled up into blocks and sealed. Bitcoin, for example, which is the most famous practical example of a production block chain, stores all transactions across the network every ten minutes or so in a single, newly formed block. Each block is then added to the previous one to form a chain.
Second, this “chain of blocks” is not stored centrally. Instead, each block is copied and distributed around an entire network of peers - be they individuals, public institutions, or businesses - using distributed ledger technology. (The terms “block chain” and “distributed ledger” are often used interchangeably; for the sake of clarity, block chain technologies tend to employ distributed ledger technology.)
Each time someone adds a new block to the chain, meanwhile it is added to everyone’s copy.
13．What is the biggest strength of a block chain?
A．It promotes people’s enthusiasm about new technology.
B．It strengthens the security of processing information.
C．It enables people to store more data in time order.
D．It stores a large part of world’s information.
14．The typical systems used to store information are weak in that ________.
A．they are difficult to operate B．they can be accessed easily
C．they have a central “master” D．they store considerable documents
15．The passage is developed mainly by ________.
A．making comparisons B．giving examples
C．making a list D．showing the effect and causes
16．What’s the author’s purpose in writing the passage?
A．To analyze the weaknesses of typical systems.
B．To encourage the popularity of the block chain.
C．To introduce the new concept of the block chain.
D．To compare the two different data structures.
第二节 (共5小题; 每小题2分，满分10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。
A grateful heart is a satisfied heart. A satisfied heart is a simple heart which leads to a simplified life. Gratitude opens the door to simplicity. But we live in a culture that addresses dissatisfaction. 17
Intentionally choose it. Gratitude will never be a result of your next purchase, success, or accomplishment. 18 And you will never find it in life until you intentionally decide to choose it.
Count your blessings. A new day, a warm bed, a unique personality, or a special talent. 19 Gratitude quickly sets in when we begin to spend a quiet moment each day remembering them. This practice alone has the potential to change your heart and life immeasurably.
20 Almost half the world live on less than $ 2.50 a day. 1.1 billion people have inadequate access to clean water. Let those facts sink in for just a moment and slowly allow gratitude and a desire to become part of the solution to take their place.
Find gratitude in difficulty. 21 It can be more difficult during the trials of life: death, disease, or failure. The truth is that no one is exempt(豁免)from the sufferings. However, good can be found even in the worst of times. Being grateful during those difficulties may get you through them.
In daily life we must see it is not happiness that makes us grateful, but gratefulness that makes us happy.
A. Ignore what you don't have.
B. We can learn how to be grateful.
C. Open your eyes to those with less.
D. Gratitude is available in your heart right now.
E. You have wonderful things in your life already.
F. It's easy to be grateful when things are going well.
G. How can we find gratitude in a world that seeks to destroy it?
第三部分：英语知识运用 (共两节，满分45分)
第一节 完形填空 (共20小题;每小题1. 5分，满分30分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Keep a Checklist in Your Mind
When I was about seven or eight years old, I remember going into the barn（马厩）one evening where my father was doing jobs that he had to do regularly. I was surprised to see him
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22 his hat backwards. It looked 23 .
When I asked Dad 24 his hat was on backwards, he smiled and gave me an explanation. It seemed there was a large water 25 for the cattle that had to be filled every day. Because it took a long time to finish it, he would 26 the water on and then go about doing other things like cleaning the barn or 27 the cattle, which usually cost him twenty minutes or even more time. The 28 , of course, was that if he forgot to turn the water off, the tank would overflow, and water would be wasted and it would make a 29 .
Then he told me the 30 he had his hat turned around. When he finished his jobs and began to take off his work clothes, he would notice as he 31 his hat that the visor（帽舌）was not where it was supposed to be. This would 32 him the water was still running and he would go back to the barn and tum it 33 .
I saw my father develop many other 34 over the years. And I never forgot how helpful and 35 they are. Some may have even been life-saving. As we all know, sometimes people forget things and make mistakes 36 they may try their best. Using good methods can help them 37 more effectively. Instead of 38 people — or yourself — for mistakes, you'd better look for some ways that will help them in 39 what they truly wish to do.
This could be practical, and as simple as a checklist. Now I've 40 a lot of them, such as putting my car keys in the same place every time. It could be having someone 41 your work and it could also be a computer program that finds out whether your calculations are correct.
22．A．passing B．wearing C．holding D．taking
23．A．terrible B．ordinary C．impolite D．funny
24．A．whether B．how C．why D．where
25．A．tank B．pool C．pipe D．bottle
26．A．put B．bring C．carry D．turn
27．A．beating B．feeding C．selling D．pulling
28．A．danger B．conflict C．purpose D．secret
29．A．decision B．demand C．mess D．choice
30．A．pressure B．method C．function D．reason
31．A．raised B．removed C．held D．threw
32．A．confuse B．attract C．remind D．disturb
33．A．down B．on C．up D．off
34．A．systems B．businesses C．products D．programs
35．A．comfortable B．valuable C．expensive D．traditional
36．A．until B．because C．though D．after
37．A．operate B．reduce C．struggle D．respond
38．A．comparing B．judging C．examining D．blaming
39．A．providing B．achieving C．imagining D．treating
40．A．affected B．observed C．employed D．corrected
41．A．check B．adjust C．select D．predict
F(普通班选做题)
From 16th to 27th March 2019 the ATOM Festival wants to show you that science is definitely for you. ATOM takes place in Abingdon, one of the UK’s “Science Capitals” sitting at the heart of British Science between Culham, Harwell and Oxford.
ATOM 2019 begins with five leading scientists, engineers and educators taking up our “Three Million Dollar Challenge”— solving the big challenge of how to get more people into science and technology.
As well as showcasing inspiring speakers — including BBC science presenter and mathematician Dr Hannah Fry — this year sees a broader range of formats and events than ever before, and much of it is free thanks to our sponsors and supporters: the Science Market, the Family Science Fair, the Discovery Dome, family shows, lectures, stand-up science comedy and film screenings. Working through the Abingdon Science Partnership your local school will also have been offered the chance to join in one of our competitions. On the fiftieth anniversary of the first moon landing, we’ve gathered together science fiction authors to imagine our future in space.
Ticket Prices
If you are planning to go to several events, take a moment to consider our Festival Pass, costing £20. Once purchased, the pass entitles the holder to attend all the festival events at no further cost.
Passes do not include refreshments which must be purchased separately at the venue. Passes cannot be used by more than one person. There is no under-18s Festival Pass. Due to separate ticketing arrangements this Pass is not valid for the Apollo 13 Film Show at Abbey Cinema.
42．What is one of the attractions of this year’s ATOM Festival?
A．It lasts longer than ever before.
B．Visitors can experience more diverse events.
C．It takes place in Oxford University for the first time.
D．Some astronauts will be present in memory of the moon landing.
43．What can we learn about Festival Passes?
A．They offer no discounts for teenagers.
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B．They can be used jointly by family members.
C．They give group visitors access to free refreshments.
D．They allow holders to watch the Apollo 13 Film Show.
II卷
语法填空 (共10小题;每小题1. 5分，满分15分)
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Just as our bodies produce waste every day — which is 1 we need to shower and use the toilet — our brains produce harmful waste proteins. But how can our brains “shower” themselves?
2 2013 study found the answer. Researchers at the US University Rochester studied the brains of mice and discovered that they cleaned themselves while the mice slept. A kind of fluid in the brain, called cerebral spinal fluid (CSF, 脑脊液), 3 (find) to increase dramatically during sleep, washing away waste proteins that had been building up between brain cells in waking hours.
“This study shows that the brain has different functional states when asleep and when awake,” Maiken Nedergaard, the lead researcher, told NBC News. It also explains why we can’t seem to think clearly after a 4 (sleep)night while a good night’s sleep leaves us 5 (feel) sharp and refreshed.
Now a new study, 6 (publish)on Oct 31 in Science, digs a little 7 (deep)into our brains’ self-cleaning procedure. Instead of mice, this time humans were the test 8 (subject).
Researchers at Boston University, US, monitored the brain waves of 13 healthy adults who 9 (sleep).They found that every 20 seconds, blood flowed out of the brain, making room 10 a large amount of CSF to come in and “clean”.
短文改错 (共10小题;每小题1分，满分10分)
Dear Sir，
I have learned that volunteers for Beijing 2022 Winter Olympic Games is needed. I’m writing to apply to this position.
As a native of Beijing, I think it is a privilege and duty for me to offer the best voluntary service to our foreign guests and meanwhile promoting Chinese culture. I believe I’m qualified for the job. I have a good command of English and I’m confident in giving players guidance and help as requiring. What’s more, I have the extensive knowledge of winter sports, which they will prove helpful in communicating with players. In addition, I have involved in several international exchange programmes, but enjoy spreading our culture to foreigners.
I would appreciate it if you could offer me the opportunities. Thank you for your time and consideration.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
作业二II卷 班级 ______ 姓名 __________ 学号 ________
语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
1. _____________ 2. ____________ 3. ____________ 4. ____________5. ______________
6. ___________ 7. ___________ 8. ____________ 9. ____________10. ____________
短文改错 (共10小题;每小题1分，满分10分)
Dear Sir，
I have learned that volunteers for Beijing 2022 Winter Olympic Games is needed. I’m writing to apply to this position.
As a native of Beijing, I think it is a privilege and duty for me to offer the best voluntary service to our foreign guests and meanwhile promoting Chinese culture. I believe I’m qualified for the job.I have a good command of English and I’m confident in giving players guidance and help as requiring.What’s more, I have the extensive knowledge of winter sports, which they will
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prove helpful in communicating with players. In addition, I have involved in several international exchange programmes, but enjoy spreading our culture to foreigners.
I would appreciate it if you could offer me the opportunities. Thank you for your time and consideration.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
王道阅读（Assignment2) 第二周 答案
阅读理解：A篇：AACC B篇：DACD C篇：ADBC D篇：BCAC
七选五：GDECF
完形填空： BDCAD BACDB CDABC ADBCA 选做题BA
语法填空
1. why 2.A 3.was found 4. sleepless 5. feeling
6. published 7.deeper 8. subjects 9.were sleeping 10.for
短文改错
Dear Sir，
I have learned that volunteers for Beijing 2022 Winter Olympic Games is needed. I’m
are
writing to apply to this position.
for
As a native of Beijing, I think it is a privilege and duty for me to offer the best voluntary service to our foreign guest and meanwhile promoting Chinese culture. I believe I’m qualified for
guests promote
the job. I have a good command of English and I’m confident in giving players guidance and help as requiring. What’s more, I have the extensive knowledge of winter sports, which they will
required an
prove helpful in communicating with players. In addition, I have∧ involved in several
been
international exchange programmes, but enjoy spreading our culture to foreigners.
and
I would appreciate it if you could offer me the opportunities. Thank you for your time and
opportunity
consideration.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
C 篇
9. 推理题。根据文章第一句As has been all too apparent in recent days at Balcombe, few issues cause greater concern than energy policy.可知没有别的问题比energy policy更引起人们的担心了，也就是说energy policy引起了人们最大的担心。故A正确。
10. 推理题。根据文章第二段最后2行Supporters insist that wind must be part of a mix of renewables, nuclear and carbon, and that the country is committed to meeting EU ( European Union) targets for non-carbon energy generation.可知支持者认为风电的扩张是符合欧盟无碳排放的标准的。故D正确。
11. 推理题。根据文章第二段Those who disagree with the rapid expansion ….和 Supporters insist that wind must be part of a mix of renewables…可知对于风电的扩张方面，两方面的观点是有分歧的。故B正确。
12. 推理题。根据文章倒数第二段We have some advice for the two parties: publish the report, and let the country be the judge.可知作者提出把这个问题报道出来，让全国人们对此进行讨论并做出决定。故C正确。
D篇
本文是说明文， 介绍一种新的存储系统——区块链的概念、好处，并比较区块链和典型的存储系统的不同之处。区块链的优势在于增强人们信息处理的安全性。
8．细节理解题。第一段最后提出问题Just what is it good for?（好处是什么？），
第二段回答这个问题：block chains may improve any process where people need to access, confirm, send or store information securely （区块链可以改善任何人们需要安全访问、确认、发送或存储信息的过程）。区块链的优势是增强人们信息处理的安全性。故选B项。
9．细节理解题。根据第四段These types of systems have considerable, well-documented weaknesses that arise from their being centralized. A centralized record is hard to understand and is exposed to unauthorized access or distribution. It is also, because it is a ‘master’ copy, exposed to permanent changing or deletion 可知，这种典型的系统有相当大的弱点，而这些弱点产生于它们的集中化。集中记录很难理解，并且暴露在未经授权的访问或分配中。也是因为它是 “主”本，会遭到永久更改或删除。因此这种系统的缺点在于集中化。故选C项。
10．推理判断题。根据第5段Block chains are also used to store information. Crucially, however, they differ in two ways（区块链也被用来存储信息。但关键的是，它们在两个方面有所不同）可知，文章是围绕将区块链和典型的存储系统作比较而展开的。下文是说明区块链存储信息方式的不同。故选A项。
11．推理判断题。文章第一、二段介绍区块链的概念和好处，第三、四段介绍典型系统存储信息，第六、七、八段介绍区块链存储信息的不同之处。因此本文是介绍区块链这一新的概念。故选C项。
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