2010年高考英语第二轮热点专题复习之三动词的时态

2010年高考英语第二轮热点专题复习之三 动词的时态 河南分校高三应届王萍 高考定位 1．高考考查的八种动词时态是：①一般现在时；②一般过去时；③一般将来时；④现在进行时；⑤过去进行时；⑥现在完成时；⑦过去完成时；⑧过去将来时。 2．容易混淆的三组动词时态是：①一般过去时和现在完成时；②一般过去时和过去完成时；③过去完成时与现在完成时。 3．各种时态及含情态动词的被动形式和应用。 命题趋势 试题将继续呈现“情景立意”和“能力立意”的原则，即在考查固定句式中的时态和语态的同时，注重在上下文中考查时态和语态，注重在语境中考查时态和语态。 突破方法 1．学习动词的时态和语态时，切不可脱离实际运用的语言。 2．答题时，研读题干，搜索出尽可能多的“时间参照信息”，尤其是动词冗余信息中的时间信息 3．解决时态和语态问题，要遵循如下解题思路： ① 这个动作可能发生在什么时间？题干句中可参照的时间信息有哪些？ ② 这个动作处于什么状态，高考资源网是进行中，还是已结束（完成）？限制或修饰这个动作的状语信息有哪些？ 一、动词时态 英语的动词在表示不同时间里发生的行为或存在的状态时，要用不同的形式来表示。英语的时态从时间上来看，可分为“现在”，“过去”，“将来“和”过去将来“四大类。动词共有十六种不同时态，但常用的时态有八种。 （一）   一般现在时（do,does,am,is, are） 表示现在的习惯，经常发生的动作或存在的状态。 He goes to school at seven o’clock every day. 经典题回顾1（2006四川卷）Look at the timetable. Hurry up! Flight 4026 _____off at 18:20.  A. takes      B. took      C. will be taken         D. has taken 【解析】 选A。该题题意为：看时间表，赶快！4026次航班18：20起飞。在这里考查的是一般现在时表示按计划、规定发生的动作，因此选takes。 （二）   一般过去时(did,was/were) 一般过去时主要用于表示过去的动作、行为或状态，句中常有yesterday, ago, in 1989, once, last week (month, year), at that time, just now 等时间状语。 经典题回顾2. I _____ along the street looking for a place to park when the accident _____. （2006安徽卷） 　　A. went; was occurring    B. went; occurred 　　C. was going; occurred    D. was going; had occurred （三）一般将来时( S+will/ shall/be going to+---) 英语动词表示将来时间有多种形式，其共同特点是句中常有表示将来时间的状语，如：tomorrow, next week, in a week等 例如： 1）  We will visit the science museum next week. 2）  We are going to discuss the problem tomorrow. 经典题回顾3 (全国卷3)－Did you tell Julia about the result?  －Oh, no, I forgot. I ________ her now.          A．will be calling  B．will call    C．call   D．am to call （四）现在进行时（S+be+doing+-----） 现在进行时表示现在时刻正在进行的动作或表示现阶段正在做的事情，句中常与now, at this moment等时间状语连用。 例如： 1）  The boy is playing video games. 2）  His father is writing a novel these days. 经典题回顾4 （辽宁卷）23．Susan decided not to work on the program at home because she didn’t want her parents to know what she __________.         A．has done   B．had done C． was doing      D．is doing （五）现在完成时(S+has/have+PP+---) 现在完成时表示从过去某一时刻开始一直延续到现在的动作或状态，或还要延续下去，句中常用since, for, yet, already等表示一段时间的状语。 例如： 1）  Great changes have taken place in China since 1980. 2）  He has been in this factory for five years. 经典题回顾5---Do you know our town at all?    ---No, this is the first time I  _______   here.     A. was   B. have been    C. came   D. am coming （六）过去进行时(S+was/were+doing) 过去进行时表示在过去某个时候正在进行的动作或过去某个阶段正在做的事情。 例如： 1）  He was reading an interesting book this time yesterday. 2）  When I came in, they were having supper. 经典题回顾6 NMET 2000 北京卷中的一道高考题：     —— Excuse me, sir. Would you do me a favor?     —— Of course . What is it?     —— I _____if you could tell me how to fill out this form.     A. had wondered  B. was wondering   C. would wonder D. did wonder   （七）过去完成时(S+had+pp+---) 表示在过去某个时刻前已经发生的动作或状态，或者从过去某个时刻开始一直延续到过去另一时刻的动作或状态。 例如： 1）  By the end of last year, we had learned more than 2,000 English words. 2）  My teacher had taught in that school for ten years before she came here. 经典题回顾7(全国卷2)12. John, a friend of mine, who got married only last week, spent $3,000 more than he _______ for the wedding. A. will plan      B. has planned         C. would plan     D. had planned     （八）过去将来时(S+would/should+do+----) 过去将来时表示从过去的观点来预计以后要发生的动作或存在的状态，这种时态常用于宾语从句当中，主句中的谓语动词一般是过去时。 例如： 1）  He said that he would study harder than before. 2）  He didn’t tell me when he would go. 经典题回顾8  ---- The plane is leaving right now, but Jim hasn't arrived yet. ----- Well, he said he _____here on time. A came     B would come     C can be     D will be   其他5种复合时态见书《知能整合与专题训练》P6 二：易混淆点 一般过去时和现在完成时的用法区别 1．一般过去时所表示的一个或一段过去时间是可以具体确定的，与其他时间没有牵连。它所表示的事情纯属过去与现在情况没有联系。现在完成时表示的事情发生在不能具体指出的现在以前的过去产某个或某段时间。它所表示的事情与现www.ks5u.com在情况有关系，是过去事情在现在产生的结果或对现在的影响。 2．一般过去时常用的状语有yesterday, last night, two days (months, weeks) ago, at that time 等；现在完成时常用的状语有already, just (刚刚), yet, never, before 等；表示从过去延续到现在并包括现在在内的一段时间状语有：today, now, lately, recently, in the last / past few days / years (在过去的这几天/年里)。since then, up to now, so far (至今)等。 He served in the army from 1952 to 1954. （这是过去的一件事） He has served in the army for 5 years. （现在他仍在军中服役，他是个军人） 一般过去时和过去完成时的用法区别 1．一般过去时是对现在说话时刻而言的，过去完成时则是对过去某一时刻而言。两种时态建立的时间参照点不同，对过去完成时来说，这一个时间参照点十分重要，它是过去完成概念赖以建立的基础，也是和一般过去时相区别的重要标准。 2．过去完成时的时间状语常用by 和before 引导的短语表示，如by that time, by the end of…, before 2000, by the time +句子等。 过去完成时与现在完成时的用法区别 1．现在完成时表示的是延续到现在或同现在有关的动作，而过去完成时表示的是在过去某时之前已经完成或延续到过去某时的劝作（句中有表示过去特定时间的状语）。 She had been ill for a week before she came back.。（回来发生在过去某一时间，发病发生在过去的过去） She has been ill for a week. 她生病一个星期了。（现在仍在生病） 三、动词时态的一些典型的约定俗成用法 ① This / It is the first / second…time + that 从句。that 从句一般用现在完成时，如果把前边的is 改为was，则that 从句用过去完成时。如： This is the first time I have come here. It was the third time (that) he had made the same mistake. ② It is / has been + 一段时间 + since 从句。since 从句中用过去完成时。 It was ten years since we had had such a wonderful time. ③ be about to do…when…意为“即将……（这时）突然……”。如： I was about to go out when the telephone rang. ④ be (was /were) + doing… when… 意为“正在干……（这时）突然……”。 They were reading when Tom shouted in pain. ⑤ Hardly had…done…when… ; No sooner had…done…than… when 和than 从句里用一般过去时，表示“刚刚……就……”。如： Hardly (No sooner) had I got home when (than) the rain poured down. 我刚到家大雨就倾盆而下。 ⑥ It + be + 一段时间 + before 从句 这个句式分两种情况：如果主句用将来时，则从句用一般现在时表将来时，意为多长时间以后即将发生某事；如果主句用过去时，从句也用过去时，意为多长时间后发生了某事。如： It won’t be long before he succeeds. ( = He will succeed soom.) It was ten years before they met again. ( = They met again ten years later. ) 四：2008年全国各地20套高考卷分类汇编 1全国I卷）27. —Have you known Dr. Jackson for a long time? —Yes, since she ______ the Chinese Society. A. has joined        B. joins                        C. had joined         D. joined 2（全国I卷）29. The wet weather will continue tomorrow, when a cold front ______ to arrive. A. is expected          B. is expecting              C. expects       D. will be expected 3（安徽卷）22. -----Did you watch the basketball match yesterday?    -----Yes, I did. You know, my brother ________ in the match.    A. is playing      B. was playing      C. has played    D. had played 4（安徽卷）I like these English songs and they ____many times on the radio.    A. taught       B. have taught     C. are taught   D. have been taught 5（福建卷）25. So far this year we ______ a fall in house prices by between 5 and 10 percent.    A. saw          B. see         C. had seen           D. have seen 6 （湖南卷）32. I called Hnnah many times yesterday evening, but I couldn’t get through. Her brother _____ on the phone all the time! was talking  B. has been talking C. has talked  D. talked 7 （湖南卷）35. — Do you have any problems if you ______ this job?    — Well, I’m thinking about the salary….    A. offer   B. will offer   C. are offered  D. will be offered 8（江苏卷）33. —I’m sure Andrew will win the first prize in the final.    —I think so. He ______ for it for months.    A. is preparing                                     B. was preparing           C. had been preparing                                  D. has been preparing 9 （山东卷）25. By the time he realizes he ______ into a trap, it’ll be too late for him to do anything about it. A. walks                B. walked       C. has walked               D. had walked 10（江西卷）32. – Do you think we should accept that offer? -- Yes, we should, for we ___such bad luck up till now, and time __ out. A. have had; is running         B. had; is running C. have; has been run           D. have had; has been run 11（辽宁卷）23. We first met on a train in 2000. We both felt immediately that we ______ each other for years. A. knew      B. have known                 C. have known              D. know 12（辽宁卷）29. —Have you got any job offers? —No. I ______. A. waited         B. had been waiting              C. have waited              D. am waiting 13 (全国II)11. If the weather had been better, we could have had a picnic. But it ____ all day. A. rained   B. rains    C. has rained    D. is raining 14 （陕西卷）6. The moment I got home, I found I _________ my jacket on the playground. A. had left    B. left     C. have left       D. was leaving 15 (全国II)14. If their marketing plans succeed, they ____ their sales by 20 percent. A. will increase     B. have been increasing C. have increased    D. would be increasing 16（陕西卷）15. –Did you go to the show last night? –Yeah. Every boy and girl in the area _________ invited A. were   B. have been     C. has been      D. was 17 （陕西卷）17. Though we don’t know what discussed, yet we can feel the topic____________ . A. had changed     B. will change    C. was changed D. has been changed 18(四川卷)7. The telephone _______, but by the time I got indoors, it stopped.   A. had rung        B. was ringing      C. rings       D. has rung 19（浙江卷）7. –What’s that noise?   –Oh, I forgot to tell you. The new machine ______. A. was tested  B. will be tested   C. is being tested   D. has been tested 20（北京卷）22. —Have you read book called Waiting for Anya?    —Who _______ it?   A. writes         B. has written   C. wrote           D. had written 21（北京卷）27. The hotel wasn’t particularly good. But I ____ in many worse hotels.     A .was staying   B, stayed   C. would stay   D. had stayed 22（北京卷）29. No decision      about any future appointment until all the candidates have been interviewed.    A. will be made   B. is made    C. is being made     D. has been made 23（天津卷）14. He _____ football regularly for many years when he was young.    A. was playing      B. played      C. has played     D. had played 24（重庆卷）23. Judy is going to marry the sailor she __ in Rome last year.    A. meets         B. met    C. has met       D. would meet 25 （重庆卷）31. He __ as a national hero for winning the first gold metal for his country in the Olympics. A. regarded          B. was regarded   C. has regarded   D. had been regarded （重庆卷）35. Teenagers __ their health because they play computer games too much. A. have damaged         B. are damaging    C. damaged             D. will damage 答案1—5DABDD 6—10 ACDCA  11—15CDACA  16—20ABBCC  21—25DABBB