《中庸》节选教案1

‎《中庸节选》教案 ‎【学习目标】‎ 1． 积累文言字词；‎ 2． 学习儒家思想之“中庸之道”；‎ 3． 背诵《中庸节选》。‎ 第一课时 一、文化背景 ‎《中庸》原是《礼记》中的一篇，一般认为，《中庸》是孔子的孙子子思（前483－前402）的著作。据《史记·孔子世家》记载，孔子生孔鲤，字伯鱼，早卒；伯鱼生孔伋，字子思。《中庸》内容丰富，不仅提出了“中庸”作为儒家的最高道德标准，而且还以此为基础讨论了一系列的问题，涉及到儒家学说的各个方面。所以，《中庸》被推崇为“实学”，被视为可供人们终身受用的经典。《中庸》之所以受到后儒的重视，根本原因是其对先秦儒家思想的基本内容从总体上作了系统化的阐述。其深刻而精微的思想内容，它所阐述的一整套政治伦理思想体系，作为一种意识形态，是十分切合中国封建社会的生产关系和政治制度的。‎ 中庸论道，主要在“慎独”上下功夫。“莫见乎隐，莫显乎微。故君子慎其独也。”这句话揭示了这样一种情况：一些与“道”相背离的细微的萌芽在隐蔽不为人所见的时候，人们自己已经知道了，而有道德有修养的人在这时候就非常谨慎，要阻遏这种萌芽的发展，以免使自己越来越偏离正道。‎ 二、课文自学 ‎1．天命之谓性，率性之谓道，修道之谓教。道也者，不可须臾离也；可离，非道也。 是故君子戒慎乎其所不睹，恐惧乎其所不闻。莫见乎隐，莫显乎微，故君子慎其独也。 ‎ A．重点字词自释：________________________________________________________________________ __‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________________________ ‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________________________ ‎ B．不恰当的字词纠正：_______________________________________________________________________‎ C．自译：___________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________________________ ‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________________________ ‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________________________ ‎ 7‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________________________ ‎ D.错译纠正：________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________________________ ‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________________________ ‎ ‎2．喜怒哀乐之未发，谓之中；发而皆中节，谓之和。中也者，天下之大本也；和也者，天下之达道也。致中和，天地位焉，万物育焉。‎ A．重点字词自释：________________________________________________________________________ __‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________________________ ‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________________________ ‎ B．不恰当的字词纠正：_______________________________________________________________________‎ C．自译：___________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________________________ ‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________________________ ‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________________________ ‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________________________ ‎ D.错译纠正：________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________________________ ‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________________________ ‎ ‎3．仲尼曰：“君子中庸，小人反中庸。君子之中庸也，君子而时中；小人之反中庸也，小人而无忌惮也。” ‎ 子曰：“中庸其至矣乎！民鲜能久矣。” ‎ A．重点字词自释：________________________________________________________________________ __‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________________________ ‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________________________ ‎ B．不恰当的字词纠正：_______________________________________________________________________‎ C．自译：___________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________________________ ‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________________________ ‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________________________ ‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________________________ ‎ 7‎ D.错译纠正：________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________________________ ‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________________________ ‎ 第二课时 一、课文自学 ‎1．子曰：“道之不行也，我知之矣：知者过之，愚者不及也。道之不明也，我知之矣：贤者过之，不肖者不及也。人莫不饮食也，鲜能知味也。” ‎ A．重点字词自释：________________________________________________________________________ __‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________________________ ‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________________________ ‎ B．不恰当的字词纠正：_______________________________________________________________________‎ C．自译：___________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________________________ ‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________________________ ‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________________________ ‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________________________ ‎ D.错译纠正：________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________________________ ‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________________________ ‎ ‎2．子曰：“好学近乎知，力行近乎仁，知耻近乎勇。知斯三者，则知所以修身；知所以修身，则知所以治人；知所以治人，则知所以治天下国家矣。 ‎ A．重点字词自释：________________________________________________________________________ __‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________________________ ‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________________________ ‎ B．不恰当的字词纠正：_______________________________________________________________________‎ C．自译：___________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________________________ ‎ 7‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________________________ ‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________________________ ‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________________________ ‎ D.错译纠正：________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________________________ ‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________________________ ‎ ‎3．凡为天下国家有九经，曰：修身也，尊贤也，亲亲也，敬大臣也，体群臣也，子庶民也，来百工也，柔远人也，怀诸侯也。‎ A．重点字词自释：________________________________________________________________________ __‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________________________ ‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________________________ ‎ B．不恰当的字词纠正：_______________________________________________________________________‎ C．自译：___________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________________________ ‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________________________ ‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________________________ ‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________________________ ‎ D.错译纠正：________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________________________ ‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________________________ ‎ ‎4．修身，则道立；尊贤，则不惑；亲亲，则诸父昆弟不怨；敬大臣，则不眩；体群臣，则士之报礼重；子庶民，则百姓劝；来百工，则财用足；柔远人，则四方归之；怀诸侯，则天下畏之。‎ A．重点字词自释：________________________________________________________________________ __‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________________________ ‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________________________ ‎ B．不恰当的字词纠正：_______________________________________________________________________‎ C．自译：___________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________________________ ‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________________________ ‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________________________ ‎ 7‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________________________ ‎ D.错译纠正：________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________________________ ‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________________________ ‎ ‎5．诚者，天之道也；诚之者，人之道也。诚者，不勉而中，不思而得，从容中道，圣人也；诚之者，择善而固执之者也。 博学之，审问之，慎思之，明辨之，笃行之。‎ A．重点字词自释：________________________________________________________________________ __‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________________________ ‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________________________ ‎ B．不恰当的字词纠正：_______________________________________________________________________‎ C．自译：___________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________________________ ‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________________________ ‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________________________ ‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________________________ ‎ D.错译纠正：________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________________________ ‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________________________ ‎ ‎6．有弗学，学之弗能弗措也；有弗问，问之弗知弗措也；有弗思，思之弗得弗措也；有弗辨，辨之弗明弗措也；有弗行，行之弗笃弗措也。人一能之，己百之；人十能之，己千之。果能此道矣，虽愚必明，虽柔必强。” ‎ A．重点字词自释：________________________________________________________________________ __‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________________________ ‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________________________ ‎ B．不恰当的字词纠正：_______________________________________________________________________‎ C．自译：___________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________________________ ‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________________________ ‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________________________ ‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________________________ ‎ 7‎ D.错译纠正：________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________________________ ‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________________________ ‎ 二、课堂练习 ‎1．下列各句中加点的字的用法和其他三项不同的一句是（ ）‎ A 大学之道，在明明德 B 欲正其心者 C 来百工也 D 老者安之 ‎2．下列各句中的“乎”字和例句用法和意义相同的一项是（ ）‎ ‎ 例：是故君子先慎乎德 A 莫现乎隐 B 恐惧乎其所不睹 C 所藏乎身不恕 D 好学近乎知 ‎3．下列各句中加点字的用法和意义和其他三项不同的一项是（ ）（ ）‎ ‎① A 道之不行也 B 喜怒哀乐之未发 C 人之视己 D 其我之谓矣 ‎② A 寘诸畚 B 诸父昆弟不怨 C 君子求诸己 D 无诸己而后非诸人 ‎4．下列各句中“为”的用法和例句相同的一项是（ ） ‎ 例：凡为天下有九经 A 为人由己 B 天下皆知美之为美 C 为国者无使为几位之所劫哉 D 而为之箪食与肉 ‎5．下列各组句子中，加点词的意义和用法相同的是（     ）  A.不勉而中        择善而固执之者也  B.喜怒哀乐之未发       中也者，天下之大本也  C.尊贤，则不惑    知斯三者，则知所以修身  D.恐惧乎其所不闻       莫见乎隐 ‎6．对下列各句中加点词用法分类正确的一项是（ ）‎ ‎① 厚敛以雕墙 ② 就有道而正焉 ③ 欲治其国者，先齐其家 ④ 不远千里而来 ⑤ 其所厚者薄 ⑥ 莫现乎隐 ⑦ 甘其食 ⑧ 子庶民也 ⑨ 尊贤，则不惑 ⑩ 好之者不如乐之者 A ①③④┃⑨⑥┃②⑦⑤┃⑧⑩ B ①④⑤┃⑨③┃⑥②⑦┃⑧⑩ ‎ C ①⑥④┃⑨③┃②⑦⑤┃⑧⑩ D ①②⑤┃③⑦┃④⑧⑩┃⑥⑨ ‎ ‎7．对下列各句句式类型划分正确的一项是（ ）‎ ‎① 敏于事而慎于言 ② 其我之谓矣 ③ 谏而不入 ④恐惧乎其所不闻 ⑤ 而攻坚强者，莫之能胜 ⑥ 书法不隐 ⑦ 其所厚者薄，而其所薄者厚，未之有也 ⑧ 使有什伯之器而不用 ⑨ 天下莫不知，莫能行⑩天下莫柔弱于水 A ①③⑧┃⑨⑥┃②⑦⑤┃④⑩ B ①④⑧┃⑨③┃⑥②⑦┃⑤⑩ ‎ C ①④⑩┃③⑧┃②⑤⑦┃⑧⑨ D ①②⑤┃③⑦┃④⑧⑩┃⑥⑨ ‎ 7‎ 7‎