人教版语文必修2《涉江采芙蓉》ppt课件3

涉江采芙蓉 汉代 无名作家 的作品合称 五言诗成熟期的代表作 被誉为“ 五言之冠冕 ” 以 平浅质朴 的文字展深情 南朝 萧统 合收于 《 文选 》 中 4 1 2 3 古诗十九首 涉江采芙蓉 《 古诗十九首 》 涉江采芙蓉， 兰泽多芳草。 采之欲 遗 谁？ 所思在远道。 还顾望旧乡， 长路漫浩浩。 同心而离居， 忧伤以终老。 诗歌鉴赏品味 中国人民很早对于自然就有很深的爱好，对自然的爱与对人的爱往往紧密地联系在一起。古代人送给最亲爱的人的礼物往往不是什么金银珠宝，而是一株花或是一棵芳草，送别时总是折一枝柳条送给远行的人，远行的人为了表示对好朋友的思念，逢到驿使就托带一枝梅花给他。这种生活情调是简朴的，也是美好的。正如王维的 《 相思 》 所写：“红豆生南国，春来发几枝。愿君多采撷，此物最相思。”采花折柳，这正是古人传情达意的方式，一方面是传达了对亲朋的关怀、思念等感情，另一方面又寄托了对亲朋的美好祝愿。 1、诗歌中的抒情主人公表达感情的方式是什么？ 其目的是什么？ （提示：方式是试图采摘芙蓉，目的是“遗”远方的“同心”者） 明确：这是环境描写，意在从侧面烘托主 人公形象的雅洁和所表达感情的纯洁和美好。 ３、三、四句一问一答，在诗歌中具有怎样的 表达作用？ ２、 诗歌描写“多芳草”的“兰泽”有什么 艺术作用？ 明确： 诗歌讲究“起、承、转、合”，这两句在结构上是暗转过渡，为表现主人公的情绪由欢欣洋溢转变为下面的黯然销魂作铺垫。 4、诗人真是看到芙蓉芳草才想到“所思在远道”的吗？如果不是，诗人为什么要这样写？ 提示：“所思”是时时刻刻在他心头的，“涉江采芙蓉”也是为了她，如果诗首就开门见山地把她表出，诗就平淡无味了。这句话是全诗发展的顶点，顶点同时也是转折点，一方面替上文的发展暂时作一结束，一方面为下文的发展作一伏线，所以照例是要摆在中间的。 ５、五、六句的“还顾”、“漫浩浩”具有怎样的表达作用？ “还顾”一词，动作性和画面感很强，可以清晰地表现了主人公孤独、忧愁、怅惘的形象和心情。“漫浩浩”一词是写主人公与环顾所见“旧乡”的距离，给人以路途绵延无尽的感觉。这两个词含蓄地传达了主人公极度痛苦的心情，可是，这两句并没有直接点明主人公的痛苦，这样就给读者留下了很大的想象空间，具有含蓄不尽的艺术效果。 ６、最后两句除了表达主人公黯然痛苦的心情，还能体会到什么？ 还能让人深切地感受到两个彼此相爱的人的真挚笃厚的感情。因爱之深才思之深，因爱之长久才有“终老”之“忧伤”。 试对这首诗的艺术特点加以概括 一是意境高洁、清幽； 二是含蓄不尽，余味悠长。 问题探究 关于 《 涉江采芙蓉 》 ，有人认为抒情主人公是男性，“涉江”者和“环顾”者都是男子，也有人认为抒情主人公是女性，“涉江”者是女子，“还顾”者则是“所思”的男子。你怎么看？ Speak of the devil and he will come. 说曹操曹操到 短 歌 行 曹 操 曹 操 (155---220)沛 国谯郡人,是三国 时期杰出的政治家、 军事家和文学家， 建安文学的代表人物之一。 据考证 , 这首诗作于曹操晚年 , 大败赤壁之战后 , 当年曹操已经 53 岁了 , 年事渐高 , 面对战乱连年 , 统一中原的事业仍未完成的社会现实 , 因而忧愁幽思 , 苦闷煎熬 . 但他并不灰心 , 仍以统一天下为己任 , 决心广泛廷揽人才 , 招纳贤士致力于建功立业 . 《短歌行》创作背景 你认为本诗的情感着眼点在哪一个字？ 忧 ①设问开头，破空而来，表达诗人对人生的思考。 ②运用“朝露”为喻，表达年华易失的感慨。 ③以造酒的杜康代酒，形象突出，引人联想。 第一层 ：对酒当歌，人生几何？譬如朝露，去日苦多。慨当以慷，忧思难忘。何以解忧？唯有杜康。 补充：不直接说某人或某事物的名称，借同它密切相关的名称去代替，这种辞格叫借代 , 也叫“ 换名 ”。它重在事物的相关性。作用： 可以引人联想，使表达收到形象突出，特点鲜明，具体生动的效果 。 第二层：青青子衿，悠悠我心。但为君故，沉吟至今。呦呦鹿鸣，食野之苹。我有嘉宾，鼓瑟吹笙。 运用典故 : 语出 《 诗经 . 郑风 . 子衿 》, 原文为 :“ 青青子衿，悠悠我心 ，纵我不往，子宁不嗣音？”这原是一首情诗 , 诗句的大意 : 情人青色的衣衿 , 令我情思悠长 . 纵然我没有去你那里 , 难道你就不能和我保持联系 ? “呦呦鹿鸣，食野之苹。我有嘉宾，鼓瑟吹笙。”原是周代宴请宾客的诗句。写求贤既得，故尽礼娱宾。这里用以表达 对贤才的礼遇 。 求贤不得，故反复沉吟 . 第三层：明明如月，何时可掇？忧从中来，不可断绝。越陌度阡，枉用相存。 比喻 将贤才喻为明月，恰如其分地表达渴望贤才来归的心意。 而在这还没有实现的情况下，才“忧从中来，不可断绝”。这四句诗仍是写“忧”，从情感上照应第一节。“越陌度阡”四句句意呼应第二节，仍是想象贤才归已时的欢快场面。 第四层：月明星稀，乌鹊南飞。绕树三匝，何枝可依？山不厌高，海不厌深。周公吐哺，天下归心。 ①以“乌鹊”无 枝可依类比在三国鼎立的局面下，有些人才犹豫不决，彷徨不知何去何从。表达出对人才的渴望。 ②后四句用典说明自己渴望多纳贤才 ，殷勤地接待贤才。表达作者胸怀大志，一统天下的愿望。 “山不厌高，海不厌深。”借用 《 管子 . 形势解 》 之语，诗意比喻执政者能宽宏大量，广纳贤才。 这里暗喻曹操自己像山一样不厌其多容纳土壤，像水一样不厌其大而容纳众水，表明要宽宏大量，广纳人才。 合作探究，感受诗句 四节诗歌的主要内容：  第一层：时光易逝  人生苦短  第二层：渴望贤才  礼遇嘉宾  第三层：渴盼人才  忧思难解  第四层：虚心纳士  竭尽诚心 小结 全诗着眼点 全诗落脚点 作者从人生的感慨过渡到政治理想，心境由狭变阔，情绪由低沉到高昂，因此从全诗高度来看，这也是一种 先抑后扬 的写法。 忧 ( 功业、人才 ) 志 ( 一统天下 )  探究综合，迁移评价 1 ．也就是这建安十三年，曹操率大军南下，列阵长江，想一举消灭孙权和刘备的势力。赤壁大战前夕，酒宴众文武，喝酒到半夜，忽然听到乌鸦声往南飞鸣而去，曹操感此景而持长槊唱  《 短歌行 》 。 2 ．在 《 三国演义 》 中的曹操是个奸雄的形象，如曹操借刀杀杨修等，曹操的名言就是“宁教我负天下人，天下人不可负我”。所以后人觉得曹操是“治世之能臣，乱世之奸雄”，京剧中曹操的白脸形象（在戏剧中白脸代表坏人），曹操是一个奸诈、阴险、嫉妒的人。 3 ．面对这截然不同的评价，你是如何有什么看法？请以“曹公，我想对你说 ……” 为题写一段真情告白，字数 100 字左右，写得比较有激情。 参考： 曹公，人说你是治世之能臣也好，还是乱世之奸雄也罢，历史自有公论。你是一个才华横溢的诗人，你登高必赋，且多慷慨悲凉之句。景仰你，是因为你有一位英雄主义者的豪情壮志；敬佩你，更是因为你是人生的斗士。“一万年太久，只争朝夕”，吟诵你的诗句，磨砺着我万千豪情 。 归 园 田 居 陶 渊 明 了解几个问题 1 、从何而归； 2 、为何而归； 3 、归向何处； 4 、归去如何。 陶渊明 1 、从何而归？ 明确：官场。 诗人将官场说成 “尘网”、“樊笼”。 对官场生活的厌恶。 2 、为何而归？ （ 1 ）本性爱田园。 （ 2 ）由于官场的黑暗，无自由，无法实现抱负， 作者归隐田园为独善其身。 联系作者、背景 作者 陶渊明，东晋时期文学家。名潜，字元亮。陶渊明出身于没落的仕宦家庭。由于儒道思想的矛盾性，时官时隐，举棋不定。 41 岁以后，陶渊明因时局动荡，仕途险恶，以及官场政治腐败，门阀制度森严，而对现实极端不满，毅然辞官归隐，与官场彻底决裂。 思考：如何理解“羁鸟恋旧林，池鱼思故渊。”？ 明确：“羁鸟”是笼中的鸟；“池鱼”是池塘中的鱼。这二者的特点是失去自由，失去最适合它们生活的环境，只会觉得痛苦。也暗示作者在官场就如同“羁鸟”、“池鱼”一般，失去自由。说明作者身在海，宦而心系田园的心情，以唤起人们对自由的向往。 3 、归向何处？ 明确：园田。 4 、找出描写田园生活情景的句子？用自己的话描述。 例如： “榆柳荫后檐，桃李罗堂前。暧暧远人村，依依墟里烟。狗吠深巷中，鸡鸣桑树颠。” （参考：屋后榆柳树影婆娑，浓阴覆地，习习清风平息心中焦虑。眼前桃李芬芳，弄姿堂前，唤起心中欢欣。极目远眺，炊烟融入暮霭，侧耳谛听，依稀听得犬吠鸡鸣。） 4 、归去如何？ 明确：“户庭无尘杂，虚室有余闲。”有“无丝竹之乱耳，无案牍之劳神”之感。作者是在写自己宁静、闲适的生活状态，和那种轻松、平和、喜悦之情。 归 恋 厌 弃 田园 ： 土地 草屋 榆柳 桃李 村庄 烟 狗 鸡 官场： 尘网 樊笼 幽雅恬适 归 园 田 居 总结 诗人从自己的本性出发，写自己热爱田园，之后写到田园美，然后表达了自己愉快、舒畅的心情，对归返田园生活做了总结和赞美，同时也对官场做了否定。  由于文人的这种特殊情节，所以陶渊明在与官场决裂的时候定是做了很强的思想斗争，做出这样的选择也是不容易的。虽然他在田园中找到了一份宁静和快乐，但其内心必有一丝酸涩。 讨论 陶渊明的归隐，是否可行？在当今时代是否可以提倡？ 再见 Hot Tip How do I incorporate my logo to a slide that will apply to all the other slides? 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