上海浦东新区2016-2020年五年高考二模英语试题汇编- 阅读理解专题 含答案

1 上海浦东新区 2016-2020 年五年高考二模英语试题汇编-阅读理解专题 2020 届上海市浦东新区高考二模英语试题 Section B Directions: Read the following three passage. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read. (A) To Be a Deaf DJ I was born in England with perfect hearing. In 1990, when I was five, my family moved to the United States. I started getting ear infections every three months or so. We didn’t have health insurance at the time, and when I got a third infection, my parents couldn’t afford the treatment. I went deaf in my right ear and was left with 50 percent hearing in my left. Over time, my remaining hearing dropped to 20 percent, where it is today. My doctors predicted that I would be thoroughly deaf by now, so I think I’m doing pretty well. There was always music on in my house in my childhood. I loved listening to Metallica, Led Zeppelin, Michael Jackson. My dad was a DJ, so he played disco, folk, rock, and music from other countries. For my 18th birthday, my dad asked me to deejay at the restaurant be owned. After doing that for a few weeks, I was hooded. I desired to learn more. I e-mailed DJ Shiftee, a distinguished New York City DJ, when I was 25: “I know you like a challenge. How about teaching a deaf person to deejay?” He wrote back the next day; “Challenge accepted.” He tutored me twice a week for two years, helping me develop correct technique. I practiced four hours a day. Now when I’m performing, muscle memory takes over. When I started, I wouldn’t tell the club managers that I was deaf. I would just show up, introduce myself, and start playing music. At the end of the night, someone would say, “Oh, here’s the check.” And I’d say, “What? Oh, I can’t hear.” They were always so astonished. Sometimes I would bring doctor’s notes because they wouldn’t believe me. It was reassurance that they were giving me opportunities to perform because I was brilliant, no out of sympathy. Eventually people started calling me “that deaf DJ,” and the name stuck. 2 What fascinates me about deejaying is the creativity. I use software that turns the music into lines of color on a computer screen. I’m visually hearing the music. The next time you go dancing, cover your ears, and you’ll start seeing that you’re able to hear the music in a different way. Music is not all about hearing. I pay all sorts of get-togethers now, from college parties to corporate events. I also go to elementary schools for the deaf and talk to the students about motivation and believing in themselves. I’m big on talking to the parents. I tell them, “My advice to you is let your kids chase their dreams. I’m a deaf DJ, so why not?” 56. Which of the following might result in the author’s hearing loss? A. Monthly ear infection. B. Moving to the U. S. C. Family financial hardship D. The doctors’ prediction. 57. How did DJ Shiftee help the author during his youth? A. He taught him correct skills. B. He discovered his talent for DJ. C. He played at the restaurant for him. D. He cultivated his taste for foreign music. 58. The underlined expression in Paragraph 3 “the name stuck” probably means that _________. A. the author was in low spirits B. the author impressed people deeply C. the audience felt disappointed by the player D. the audience looked down upon the player 59. We can conclude from the passage that the author loves deejaying because _________. A. working as a DJ involves innovation B. music helps him to see the world virtually C. he motivates the kids to realize their dream D. he desires to challenge something impossible 【答案】56. C 57. A 58. B 59. A 【解析】 3 本文是记叙文。文章讲述了作者在长大的过程中因为家庭经济的原因没能对耳疾进行彻底的治疗，从而导 致了听力的损伤，但坚强的意志力使作者成为了一名唱片节目主持人。作者建议孩子们的父母让孩子们追 逐自己的梦想。 【56 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“when I got a third infection, my parents couldn’t afford the treatment. Over time, my remaining hearing dropped to 20 percent, where it is today.”可知，当作者第三次感染时，作者的父母负担 不起治疗费用。随着时间的流逝，作者剩下的听力下降到今天的 20％。即家庭经济困难导致了作者的听力 受损。故选 C。 【57 题详解】 细 节 理 解 题 。 根 据 第 二 段 中 “He tutored me twice a week for two years, helping me develop correct technique.”可知，DJ Shiftee 连续两年每周两次给作者辅导，以帮助作者培养正确的技术。即 DJ Shiftee 在作者年轻时教给他正确的技能。故选 A。 【58 题详解】 句意猜测题。根据第三段中的“At the end of the night, someone would say, “Oh, here’s the check.” And I’d say, “What? Oh, I can’t hear.” They were always so astonished. Sometimes I would bring doctor’s notes because they wouldn’t believe me. It was reassurance that they were giving me opportunities to perform because I was brilliant, no out of sympathy. Eventually people started calling me”可知，在深夜有人和作者说：“哦，这是支票。” 而作者会说：“什么？哦，我听不到。”他们很惊讶。有时我会带医生的诊断记录，因为他们不相信我。 可以放心的是，他们给了我表演的机会，因为我很聪明，不是出于他们的同情。最终，人们开始称我为“那 个聋的 DJ”。由此可知，划线部分表示作者给人留下了深刻的印象。故选 B。 【59 题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“What fascinates me about deejaying is the creativity.”可知，作为一名唱片 节目主持人令作者着迷的是创意。即作者喜欢担任一名唱片节目主持人是因为这份工作中需要人拥有创造 力，能够做出创新。故选 A。 (B) FREE Homeschooling 4 If you are reading this page you are looking into homeschooling. YAHOO! So proud of you for taking the road less traveled for your kids. It may not always be easy, but it is rewarding! 123 Home-school4Me is here to help you on your journey! We’ve got lots of tips, resources, and over a million pages of FREE Home-school worksheets, games and lesson plans to help you provide a solid, fun, and affordable education for your kids! Let me walk you through some homeschooling basics and how 123Homeschool4Me can help you home-school! Why Homeschooling For some it is a better education, impact of being socialized at school, passing on your faith, spending more time with your kids, helping your child with a special need, making learning fun, or any number of other reasons. Keep reminding yourself WHY you choose to home-school and make that your primary focus. How to Home-school * Decided to Home-school after much careful research and thought * 25 Reasons Why We Love Homeschooling * Find out the legal requirements to home-school in your state -- every state has different requirements that you must follow to home-school legally - Homeschooling Laws in your State * Follow any and all legal requirements to home-school legally (see above) * Pick a curriculum - you have tons of choices to fit your family and children * How to Choose a Home-school Curriculum * Our Curriculum Choices * Plan your school year - with any state regulations in mind, pick when your school will start end, take breaks, what days of the week you will meet and for how long, and what pace you need to go through your curriculum to finish in a year. * Use these Free Home-school Forms to organize your year * How to Home-school in 15 Hours a Week 5 * Don’t Home-school alone! Just because you aren’t sending your kids to public or private school doesn’t mean they won’t be with others from outside your family. * Getting Social in Your Home-school * Start teaching your child - Your taught your child how to use the bathroom and put on their shoes. You can do this! Just dive in! Okay, so that was super simplified, I know! But really that is all you need to start with. Make sure to read the links above for more information on each point. How to Start Homeschooling Make Home-school FUN and Affordable! This is where123Homeschool4Me.com comes in! Mom leaves little time to think of fun, creative educational activities that make concepts stick. Plus the cost to buy cool games and additional worksheets for every little skill can be unacceptable! We’ve got you covered! This site is filled with thousands of creative ideas and 1,000,000+ FREE educational print-ables to make learning fun! 60. According to the above material, 123Homeschool4Me is probably _________. A. a website B. a counselor C. a magazine D. an advertisement 61. Which of the following might be a reason for parents to choose homeschooling? A. Restoring the child’s faith. B. Getting social in the home-school C. Challenging the road less traveled. D. Tailoring the courses to kids’ needs. 62. 123Homeschool4Me is likely to be quite appealing to the readers due to _________. A. simplified lesson plans and fun activities B. interesting games and affordable worksheets C. free teaching resources and practical suggestions 6 D. detailed curriculum plans and free homeschooling 【答案】60. A 61. D 62. C 【解析】 本文是应用文。文章介绍了 123 Home-school4Me 网站，它为孩子们提供了可靠的，有趣且免费的在线教 育课程。 【60 题详解】 细节理解题。最后一段中的“This site is filled with thousands of creative ideas.”可知，这个网站充满了成千 上万的创意。因此 123Homeschool4Me 可能是一个网站。故选 A。 【61 题详解】 细节理解题。根据 Why Homeschooling 部分中的“For some it is a better education, impact of being socialized at school, passing on your faith, spending more time with your kids, helping your child with a special need, making learning fun, or any number of other reasons. ”可知，对于某些人来说，Homeschooling 是更好的教育 选择，它能够培养孩子在学校的社交能力，传承你的信念，花更多的时间陪伴孩子，帮助有特殊需要的孩 子，使学习变得有趣等。由此可知，根据孩子的需求量身定制课程可能是父母选择孩子在家上学的原因。 故选 D。 【62 题详解】 细 节 理 解 题 。 根 据 第 一 段 中 的 “We’ve got lots of tips, resources, and over a million pages of FREE Home-school worksheets, games and lesson plans to help you provide a solid, fun, and affordable education for your kids!”可知，我们提供了许多技巧，资源，以及超过一百万页的免费在家使用的练习题，游戏方案和 教案，可帮助家长为孩子提供可靠，有趣且负担得起的教育。因此，123Homeschool4Me 可能对读者很有 吸引力的原因是免费的教学资源和实用的建议。故选 C。 (C) Changing the Game On a warm September evening in London, The Arch climbing wall, just south of the River Thames, is packed. Scores of people wander around on the thick crash pads, chatting, waiting their turn and offering the odd shout of 7 encouragement to those clinging on to the colourful climbing walls. Rock climbing was once classified as an “extreme sport”. But indoor centres like The Arch, which offer climbing without the need for rocks, are bringing it into the mainstream. The British Mountaineering Council estimates there are at least 248 public climbing walls in Britain, a number that has risen by 30% since 2010. In 2020 the sport’s governing bodies are hoping to see an even bigger increase in interest. Along with skateboarding, surfing and karate(空手道), rock climbing will be making its first appearance as an Olympic sport at the summer games in Tokyo. The International Olympic Committee (IOC) is frank about the ambition to appeal to a younger crowd who may be less familiar with longer-standing sports such as athletics and weightlifting. The crowd at the Arch is exactly what the IOC has in mind: mostly young professional letting off steam after work, who see climbing as a more engaging ans sociable alternative to jogging on running machines or pumping iron in a gym. Between them, the new sports will mean another 18 events and 474 athletes at the Tokyo games. Officially, all four sports are delighted with their new status. But with the exception of karate, all of them have counter-cultural, anti-establishment roots. Some stars have wondered whether accepting the Olympic torch means going against their beliefs. Owen Wright, a famous surfer, has said that surfing is more art form than sport, and therefore not suitable for the games - though he has since gone back on his word, and hopes to represent Australia in Tokyo. Adam Ondra, a Czech who is one of the world’s climbers, said he might steer clear of the games because of the format. The eventual Olympic champion will have to master all the three disciplines including bouldering (climbing without a rope, low to the ground, with a focus on hard, gymnastic moves), lead climbing (roped climbing up a tall wall of increasing difficulty) and speed climbing. Bouldering and lead climbing feature new routes in each stage of a competition, in an effort to imitate the variety of real rock. But speed climbing takes place on a standard, unvarying course. Because of this, said Mr. Ondra, “speed is a kind of artificial discipline ... and this is against the soul of climbing.” Skateboarders, also notably rebellious, can be strikingly young. Sky Brown is set to become Britain’s youngest Olympian and has settled down to training. By the time of the Tokyo games, she will have turned 12. 63. Which of the following statements is true about rock climbing？ 8 A. It originated in The Arch, a sports centre on the River Thames. B. It has evolved from a mainstream sport into an extreme sport. C. Spectator’s encouragement contributes to its rapid expansion. D. The increase in climbing walls reflects a growing interest in it. 64. IOC introduced rock climbing into the Olympics in order to _________ A. familiarize the global population with the new sport B. attract young people who lack interest in traditional sports C. enable the young to let off their energy after work D. challenge the dominant status of traditional sports 65. What can you infer from the star athletes’ responses according to the passage? A. Surfers are expected to strike a balance between art and sport in the Olympics. B. Rock climbers must be self-disciplined if they are to win the championship. C. Adam believes that the soul of climbing consists in its harmony with nature. D. Strikingly young skateboarders have an advantage over other opponents. 66. What is the passage mainly about? A. With the addition of new Olympics sports, stars are divided on whether to participate. B. Rock climbing, skateboard, surfing and karate are accepted as Olympics sports. C. Extreme sports athletes rebel against traditions while training for the Olympics. D. The appeal of a new sport event consists is changing for format of this game. 【答案】63. D 64. B 65. C 66. A 【解析】 9 本文是说明文。国际奥委会将攀岩与滑板，冲浪和空手道一起作为东京夏季奥运会的一项奥林匹克运动首 次亮相，而明星运动员们对于空手道之外的三个运动项目进入奥运会存在不认可的态度。 【63 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The Arch climbing wall, just south of the River Thames, is packed. Scores of people wander around on the thick crash pads, chatting, waiting their turn and offering the odd shout of encouragement to those clinging on to the colourful climbing walls.” 和 第 二 段 中 的 “In 2020 the sport’s governing bodies are hoping to see an even bigger increase in interest.”可知，人们挤满了泰晤士河以南的 The Arch 攀岩墙。 数十人在厚厚的防撞垫上走来走去，聊天，等待轮到他们，并为那些在五彩缤纷的攀岩墙 上的人们大声呼喊从而鼓励他们。该运动的理事机构预计 2020 年人们对于攀岩运动的兴趣会大规模增加。 即参与攀岩运动的人越来越多反映了人们对它的兴趣不断增长。故选 D。 【64 题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“The International Olympic Committee (IOC) is frank about the ambition to appeal to a younger crowd who may be less familiar with longer-standing sports such as athletics and weightlifting.”可知，国际奥委会希望吸引年轻人参与奥运会，这些人可能对田径运动和举重等奥运会长 期以来的运动项目不太熟悉。由此可知，年轻人可能对这些运动项目不太熟悉，因此国际奥委会将攀岩运 动引入奥运会是为了吸引对传统体育缺乏兴趣的年轻人。故选 B。 【65 题详解】 推理判断题。根据第五段中的“Because of this, said Mr. Ondra, “speed is a kind of artificial discipline ... and this is against the soul of climbing.””可知，Ondra 先生说：“速度是一种人为的规定……这与攀登的灵魂背 道而驰。即 Adam Ondra 认为登山的灵魂在于这项运动强调与自然的和谐。故选 C。 【66 题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章前三段讲的是随着人们对于攀岩活动兴趣的增加，国际奥委会将攀岩与 滑板，冲浪和空手道一起作为东京夏季奥运会的奥林匹克运动项目首次亮相。后三段主要讲的是明星运动 员们对于空手道之外的三个运动项目进入奥运会持质疑的态度。因此 A 项（随着新的奥林匹克运动项目的 增加，明星们在是否参加比赛上也有所分歧。）符合文章内容。故选 A。 2019 届上海市浦东新区高考二模英语试题 10 Section B directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. ( A ) I had a teacher who used to wake up in class by shouting: “The early bird gets the worm!” I say “let him have the worm”. I hate food that doesn’t stay still, and avoid Japanese restaurants for that very reason. Anyway, I stopped eating worms at the age of three, switching to regular breakfasts of cereal(谷物), to which I would add extra sugar. Recently I was thinking about early birds and the competitive spirit after receiving a letter from a reader in Malaysia: ”My son deliberately throws away marks because he doesn’t like to be top of the class. What shall I do?” Give him a round of “applause” for being smart! Actually many children in Asia tend to be the focus by performing better. Placed into a very competitive class when I was 11, I quickly learned the ideal position was second to last. The top three performers and the very last person are highlighted; the second-to-last contestant is INVISIBLE. And it’s an easy position to get—just deliberately underperform at every test. I could do that. I once came second to last in eight straight sports day races. No one suspected anything. I was so invisible that I could have robbed a bank in my street and no one would have noticed. At the London Olympics a few months ago, badminton pairs from three Asian countries deliberately tried to lost matches to draw good lots in later rounds. It was funny to watch, but they were all thrown out for poor sportsmanship. What they really needed were acting lessons, their moves were so unconvincing. “Oops, I hit the ball in entirely the wrong direction.” The other day, I took the children out and they raced for the car. “I’m first,” said one. The second said: “First is worst, second is best.” Together they sang at the last one: “And third’s the one with a hairy chest.” It struck me that the organizers of sports matches could use this song when people deliberately lost matches. “I lost,” the delighted loser will say. The judges could still declare them winners, pointing to a new, optional 11 regulation: “First is worst, second is best, third’s the one with a hairy chest.” 56. Why did the author dislike Japanese restaurant? A. Its food was served raw. B. Its food contained worms. C. He was tempted by cereal. D. He was affected by the saying. 57. How did the author manage to be invisible in a competitive class? A. He highlighted the top three students. B. He came to second in sports races. C. He hid himself in a bank skillfully. D. He intentionally underperformed. 58. What can be learned from the passage? A. The judge is encouraged to eliminate the dishonest players. B. Players disqualified from Olympic doubles for using drugs. C. Children’s song praises the dramatic acting skills of athletes. D. players purposefully failed for easier lots in the following rounds. 59. Which saying might the author possibly support? A. Great minds think alike. B. God favors those who are prepared. C. Honesty is the best policy. D. A bird in hand is worth two in the bush 【答案】56. A 57. D 58. D 59. C 【解析】 【分析】 本文是一篇议论文。文章通过举例论证告诉人们，有时人们会做出一些假象，其实事实并非如此。 12 【56 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中 I hate food that doesn’t stay still, and avoid Japanese restaurants for that very reason.“我讨厌生的食物，因此我不去日本餐馆。”可知，作者不喜欢日本餐馆是因为它的食物是生的。故 选 A。 【57 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中 And it’s an easy position to get—just deliberately underperform at every test.“这是 一个很容易得到的位置——只是故意在每次测试中表现不佳。”可知，作者通过故意表现不佳设法在竞争 激烈的班级里不引人注目。故选 D。 【58 题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段中 At the London Olympics a few months ago, badminton pairs from three Asian countries deliberately tried to lost matches to draw good lots in later rounds.“几个月前的伦敦奥运会上，来自三 个亚洲国家的羽毛球选手故意输掉比赛，以便在接下来的比赛中取得好成绩。”可知，在接下来的回合中， 选手为了更有利的抽签而故意失败。故选 D。 【59 题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段 It struck me that the organizers of sports matches could use this song when people deliberately lost matches. “I lost,” the delighted loser will say. The judges could still declare them winners, pointing to a new, optional regulation: “First is worst, second is best, third’s the one with a hairy chest.”“我突然 想到，当人们故意输掉比赛时，体育比赛的组织者可以用这首歌。“我输了，”兴高采烈的失败者会说。评 委们仍然可以宣布他们是赢家，并指出一项新的可选规则:第一名是最差的，第二名是最好的，第三名是心 胸开阔的。”可知，作者可能支持“诚实乃上策”。故选 C。 【点睛】推理判断题要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，做出一定的推理判断，从而得到文章的隐含 意义和深层意义。推理判断题所涉及的内容可能是文中的某一句话，也可能是某几句话，所以，推理题的 答案只能是根据原文表面文字信息一步推出的答案：即对原文某一句话或某几句话所作的同义改写或综 合。推理判断题的题干中通常含 infer,suggest,imply,conclude indicate 等标志性词语。 这种题型主要包括 细节判断题、态度观点推断题、写作意图推断题、文章出处判断题和猜测想象推断题。本题第 3 小题，根 据第四段中 At the London Olympics a few months ago, badminton pairs from three Asian countries deliberately 13 tried to lost matches to draw good lots in later rounds.“几个月前的伦敦奥运会上，来自三个亚洲国家的羽毛球 选手故意输掉比赛，以便在接下来的比赛中取得好成绩。”可知，在接下来的回合中，选手为了更有利的 抽签而故意失败。故选 D。 ( B ) Shot in more than 40 locations in L.A., the musical La La Land is “a love letter to the city”. To coincide with UK release, we asked a local writer to pick some of the film’s amazing settings. Judge Harry Pregerson Interchange La La Land’s opening scene is a six-minute dance that plays out in L.A.’s bad traffic. It is also where the film’s leading roles, struggling actress Mia and jazz pianist Sebastian, first encounter each other—in a road anger incident. The scene is said to have been filmed over two hot days in south L.A. Smokehouse Restaurant, Burbank This is the setting for the scene in which Mia discovers Sebastian’s talent for the piano. The fictional Lipton’s restaurant---where jazz purist Sebastian was reluctant to play Christmas music---is in reality a place long frequented by actors, producers and other show business types. It has been on this spot, across the street from the Warner Bros studio, since 1949. In the film, the outer wall of Lipton’s is the You are the Star mural (壁画). which features Marilyn Monroe, Charlie Chaplin and others, which is on the corner of Hollywood Boulevard and Wicox Avenue in Hollywood in reality. Warner Bros Studios, Burbank Mia works at the studio’s coffee shop, where Sebastian comes to meet her. As they wander the studio’s lot, Mia points out “ the window that Humphrey Bogart and Ingrid Bergman looked out in Casablanca.” It’s one of the film’s numerous nods to movie history. Warner Brons is still a working studio, with 35 sound stages, 14 exterior sets and visitor tours. Cathy’s Corner, Mount Hollywood Drive This section of the road that winds through Griffth Park is the setting of their dance play. It overlooks the San Fernando Valley and features on the film poster. Cathy’s Corner is near famed Mulholland Drive, but prepare for 14 disappointment if you’re expecting a park bench and street lamps, which only exist in the movie. 60. In order to encounter some film stars, you may go to _______. A. Judge Harry Pregerson Interchange B. Smokehouse Restaurant C. Warner Bros Studio D. Cath’s Corner 61. Mia mentioned the underlined sentence so as to _______. A. stress Warner Bros is still in function B. show respect for movies of previous generations C. illustrate La La Land was filmed at Hollywood Center Studios D. compare Mia and Sebastian’s love story with Humphrey and Ingrid 62. In which section of a website can you most probably find this passage? A. Nature and Environment. B. City and Transport. C. Travel and Recreation. D. Food and Health. 【答案】60. B 61. B 62. C 【解析】 本文是一篇记叙文。在洛杉矶 40 多个地点拍摄音乐剧《爱乐之城》(La La Land)。为了配合该片在英国上 映，我们邀请了一位当地作家挑选了一些令人惊叹的场景。文章介绍了这些令人惊叹的场景。 【60 题详解】 推理判断题。根据 Smokehouse Restaurant, Burbank 中 In the film, the outer wall of Lipton’s is the You are the Star mural ( 壁 画 ). which features Marilyn Monroe, Charlie Chaplin and others, which is on the corner of Hollywood Boulevard and Wicox Avenue in Hollywood in reality.“在影片中,Lipton 的外墙是“你是明星”壁画, 15 这档节目的特点就是玛丽莲梦露,查理·卓别林和其他人------”可知，为了遇到一些电影明星，你可以去 Smokehouse Restaurant。故选 B。 【61 题详解】 推理判断题。根据划线部分的下面两句 It’s one of the film’s numerous nods to movie history. Warner Brons is still a working studio, with 35 sound stages, 14 exterior sets and visitor tours.“这是这部电影对电影史的众多致 敬之一。华纳兄弟仍然是一个拥有 35 个摄影棚，14 个外部布景和游客参观的工作室。”故选 B。 【62 题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段 Shot in more than 40 locations in L.A., the musical La La Land is “a love letter to the city”. To coincide with UK release, we asked a local writer to pick some of the film’s amazing settings.“在洛杉矶 40 多个地点拍摄音乐剧《爱乐之城》(La La Land)，是“致城市的情书“”(a love letter to the city)。为了配合 该片在英国上映，我们邀请了一位当地作家挑选了一些令人惊叹的场景。”可知，最可能在网站 Travel and Recreation 部分找到这篇文章。故选 C。 ( C ) Few facts about modern life seem more undeniable than how busy everyone seems to be. Across the industrialized world, large numbers of survey respondents tell researchers they’re overburdened with work, at the expense of time with family and friends. But the total time people are working , whether paid or otherwise, has not increased in Europe or North America in recent decades. What’s more, the date also show that the people who say they’re the busiest generally aren’t. Part of the answer is simple economics. As economies grow, and the incomes of the better-off have risen over time, time has literally become more valuable: Any given hour is worth more, so we experience more pressure to squeeze in more work. But it’s also a result of the kind of work in which many of us are engaged. In the past, farming work was subject to weather limits, white at present people live in an “unlimited world,” and there are always more incoming emails, more meetings, more things to read, and digital mobile technology means you have a few more to-do list items. 16 With time pressure weighing us down, it’s hardly surprising that we live with one eye on the clock. But psychological research demonstrates that this time-awareness actually leads to worse performance. So the ironic consequence of the “busy feeling” is that we could handle to-do list less well than if we weren’t so rushed. Arguable worst of all, the feeling of rush spreads to affect our leisure time, so that even when life finally does permit an hour or two for recovery, we end up feeling that leisure time should be spent ”productively,” too. If there’s a solution to the busyness epidemic(流行病), other than the universal 21-hour workweek, it may lie in clearly realizing just how reasonable our attitudes have become. Historically, the ultimate symbol of wealth, achievement and social superiority was the freedom not to work. Now, it’s busyness that has become the indicator of high status. “The best-off in our society are often very busy, and have to be,” says Gershunny. “You ask me, am I busy, and I tell you: ”Yes, of course I’m busy because I’m an important person!” Too often, we measure our worth not by the results we achieve, but by how much of our time we spend. We live crazy lives, at least in part, because it makes us feel good about ourselves. 63. According to the author, people’s feeling about busyness results from_______. A. the increase in time value B. the sacrifice of family time C. the longer working time D. the change of working partners 64. The underlined phrase “weighing us down” in paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to _______. A. making us overburdened B. having a positive effect on us C. measuring us in all aspects D. giving us time for reflection 65. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage? A. The solution to busyness is applying a 21-hour workweek. B. If people had leisure time, they would relax themselves. C. The feeling of being burdened spells low productivity. D. Freedom is overrepresented in the current society. 17 66. What does the passage mainly concerned with? A. The measurement of wealth in the current society. B. The evolution of people’s attitude towards busyness. C. The hidden reasons and effects of people’s busyness. D. The solution to prioritizing the crucial tasks in busyness. 【答案】63. A 64. A 65. C 66. C 【解析】 【分析】 本文是一篇议论文。文章论述的是“人们忙碌背后的原因和影响”。 【63 题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段中 Across the industrialized world, large numbers of survey respondents tell researchers they’re overburdened with work, at the expense of time with family and friends.“在工业化国家，大量的受访者 告诉研究人员，他们的工作负担过重，与家人和朋友相处的时间减少了。”可知，作者认为，人们对忙碌 的感觉来自于时间价值的增加。故选 A。 【64 题详解】 词义猜测题。根据第五段中 it’s hardly surprising that we live with one eye on the clock. But psychological research demonstrates that this time-awareness actually leads to worse performance.“我们一只眼睛盯着时钟生 活也就不足为奇了。但心理学研究表明，这种时间意识实际上会导致糟糕的表现。”由此推知前半句划线 部分的意思是时间的压力“让我们不堪重负”。故选 A。 【65 题详解】 推理判断题。根据第六段 Arguable worst of all, the feeling of rush spreads to affect our leisure time, so that even when life finally does permit an hour or two for recovery, we end up feeling that leisure time should be spent ”productively,” too.“最糟糕的是，匆忙的感觉会影响我们的休闲时间，所以即使生活最终允许一两个 小时的恢复，我们最终也会觉得休闲时间应该被“有效地”利用。”可知，有负担的感觉意味着低效率。故选 18 C。 【66 题详解】 主旨大意题。根据最后一段 Too often, we measure our worth not by the results we achieve, but by how much of our time we spend. We live crazy lives, at least in part, because it makes us feel good about ourselves.“很多时候， 我们衡量自己的价值不是看我们取得了什么成果，而是看我们花了多少时间。我们过着疯狂的生活，至少 在一定程度上是因为它让我们自我感觉良好。”可知，本文讲述的是人们忙碌背后的原因和影响。故选 C。 【点睛】做词义猜测题时，要特别注意熟词生义，切不可脱离语境想当然。在句子或段落中，我们可以利 用熟悉的词语，根据语言环境所表示的关系推断生词词义。尤其注意划线词前后的内容。本题第 2 小题， 根 据 第 五 段 中 it’s hardly surprising that we live with one eye on the clock. But psychological research demonstrates that this time-awareness actually leads to worse performance.“我们一只眼睛盯着时钟生活也就不 足为奇了。但心理学研究表明，这种时间意识实际上会导致糟糕的表现。”由此推知前半句划线部分的意 思是时间的压力“让我们不堪重负”。故选 A。 2018 届上海市浦东新区高考二模英语试题 Section B—22 分 Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) In 1982, I had responsibility for Stephen Hawking’s third academic book for the Press, Superspace and Supergravity. This was a messy collection of papers from a technical workshop on how to devise a new theory of gravity. While that book was in production, I suggested he try something easier: a popular book about the nature of the Universe, suitable for the general market. Stephen hesitated over my suggestion. He already had an international reputation as a brilliant theoretical physicist working on rotating black holes and theories of gravity. And he had concerns about financial matters: importantly, it was impossible for him to obtain any form of life insurance to protect his family in the event of his 19 death or becoming totally dependent on nursing care. So, he took precious time out from his research to prepare the rough draft of a book. At the time, several bestselling physics authors had already published non-technical books on the early Universe and black holes. Stephen decided to write a more personal approach, by explaining his own research in cosmology and quantum theory. One afternoon, in the 1980s, he invited me to take a look at the first draft, but first he wanted to discuss cash. He told me he had spent considerable time away from his research, and that he expected advances and royalties (定金和版税) to be large. When I pressed him on the market that he foresaw, he insisted that it be on sale, up front, at all airport bookshops in the UK and the US. I told that was a tough call for a university press. Then I thumbed the typescript. To my dismay, the text was far too technical for a general reader. A few weeks later he showed me a revision, much improved. Eventually, he decided to place it with a mass market publisher rather than a university press. Bantam published A Brief History of Time in March 1988. Sales took off like a rocket, and it ranked as a bestseller for at least five years. The book’s impact on the popularization of science has been incalculable. 56. What suggestion did the writer give to Stephen Hawking? A. Simplifying Superspace and Supergravity. B. Formulating a new theory of gravity. C. Writing a popular book on the nature of the universe. D. Revising a book based on a new theory. 57. Which of the following was Stephen Hawking most concerned about? A. Financial returns. B. Other competitors. C. Publishing houses. D. His family’s life insurance. 20 58. The underlined word thumbed is closest in meaning to . A. praised B. typed C. confirmed D. browsed 59. The greatest contribution of the book A Brief History of Time lies in . A. bringing him overnight fame in the scientific world B. keeping up the living standard of his family C. making popular science available to the general public D. creating the rocketing sales of a technical book 【答案】56. C 57. A 58. D 59. C 【解析】 【分析】 本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了霍金的《时间简史》这本书的出版幕后的故事。 【56 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“I suggested he try something easier: a popular book about the nature of the Universe, suitable for the general market.”可知，作者建议霍金尝试一些更简单的东西：一本关于宇宙本质的 畅销书，适合普通市场，也就是说作者建议霍金写一本关于宇宙本质的畅销书，故 C 项正确。 【57 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“And he had concerns about financial matters: importantly, it was impossible for him to obtain any form of life insurance to protect his family in the event of his death or becoming totally dependent on nursing care.”可知，他还担心经济问题：重要的是，在他死亡或完全依赖护理的情况下，他不 21 可能获得任何形式的人寿保险来保护他的家人，再根据第四段中的“but first he wanted to discuss cash.”可知， 他首先想谈谈钱的问题，由此可知，霍金最关心的是经济回报，故 A 项正确。 【58 题详解】 词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“To my dismay, the text was far too technical for a general reader.”可知，令作者 沮丧的是，这篇文章对一般读者来说太专业了，这是作者看完这篇文章的打字稿之后的感受，这说明作者 刚刚看过了打字稿，由此可知画线词词义为“翻阅、浏览”，故 D 项正确。 【59 题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“The book’s impact on the popularization of science has been incalculable.”可 知，《时间简史》这本书对科学普及的影响是无法估量的，由此可知，《时间简史》的最大贡献在于让大众 可以接触到大众科学，故 C 项正确。 【点睛】本篇第 3 题词义猜测题的难度较大，抓住画线词后作者的感受是关键，根据画线词后的“To my dismay, the text was far too technical for a general reader.”可知，令作者沮丧的是，这篇文章对一般读者来说 太专业了，这是作者看完这篇文章的打字稿之后的感受，这说明作者刚刚看过了打字稿，由此可知画线词 词义为“翻阅、浏览”。 (B) Conventional wisdom may tell you that a master’s degree from Harvard Business School in the US is the key to a Fortune 500 job, while the same degree from the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania, US, means a possible career on Wall Street. It seems that the graduate school you go to somewhat decides your future. And a recent New York Times article reveals the correlation between MBA (Master of Business Administration) graduates at certain US schools and career prospects. 22 To work at Amazon Ross School of Business (University of Michigan) Amazon regularly hires more MBAs from top 10 business schools than big Wall Street firms. And a large chunk of Americans employees are from Ross. Graduate Peter Faricy, vice president of Amazon Marketplace, says the reason behind this is that Ross’ curriculum-related offerings, a problem-solvingcourse for instance, are particularly well suited to Amazon. To work at McKinsey& Company Kellogg School of Management (Northwestern) For an MBA, landing a job at McKinsey is like trying to get into a competitive business school all over again. However, Kellogg graduates perform well in the fierce competition. The school’s MBAs are in demand at elite consulting firms, which hired 35 percent of Kellogg graduates last year, a higher percentage than at Harvard (23 percent) and Stanford (16 percent). To work at Apple Fuqua School of Business (Duke) Silicon alley hasn’t always welcomed MBAs. However, two of Apple’s top 10 executives come from Fuqua. Apple has hired 32 Fuqua graduates over the past five years, and provided 42 internships for Duke students. To start your own company 23 Harvard Business School The extensive resources Harvard has devoted to its entrepreneurial offerings in recent years are starting to show real results. By many accounts, it has surpassed Stanford as the top entrepreneurial hot-bed in the US. 60. Which university offers students a course on various approaches to difficulties at work? A. Kellogg School of Management. B. Ross School of Business. C. Harvard Business School. D. Fuqua School of Business. 61. According to the passage, which of the following is true? A. Consulting companies favor MBA students from Kellogg. B. Stanford produces the greatest number of business leaders. C. To work at Apple, MBA graduates have an advantage. D. Wall Street employs more MBAs from top 10 than Amazon. 62. If you want to work in the area of hi-tech electronic products, you may choose to study in . A. Wharton School B. Kellogg School of Management C. Ross School of Business D. Fuqua School of Business 【答案】60. B 61. A 62. D 【解析】 本文是一篇应用文，介绍了美国几个大学的专业优势与毕业生的就业情况。 24 【60 题详解】 细 节 理 解 题 。 根 据 第 三 段 中 的 “the reason behind this is that Ross’ curriculum-related offerings, a problem-solving course for instance, are particularly well suited to Amazon”可知，罗斯商学院为学生开设了各 种解决工作困难的方法的课程，故 B 项正确。 【61 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“The school’s MBAs are in demand at elite consulting firms, which hired 35 percent of Kellogg graduates last year, a higher percentage than at Harvard (23 percent) and Stanford (16 percent).”可知，该校的 MBA 在精英咨询公司很受欢迎，这些公司去年聘用了凯洛格 35%的毕业生，这一 比例高于哈佛（23%）和斯坦福（16%），由此可知，咨询公司青睐凯洛格的 MBA 学生，故 A 项正确。 【62 题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“However, two of Apple’s top 10 executives come from Fuqua. Apple has hired 32 Fuqua graduates over the past five years,”可知，苹果前十名高管中有两位来自福库。过去五年，苹果 公司雇佣了 32 名福库商学院的毕业生，由此可知，福库商学院的毕业生在电子产品领域很受青睐，所以 如果你想在高科技电子产品领域工作，你可以选择在福库商学院学习，故 D 项正确。 (C) “Two centuries ago, Lewis and Clark left St. Louis to explore the new lands acquired in the Louisiana Purchase,” George W. Bush said, announcing his desire for a program to send men and women to Mars. They made that journey in the spirit of discovery. America has ventured forth into space for the same reasons.” Yet there are vital differences between Lewis and Clark’s expedition and a Mars mission. First, they were headed to a place where hundreds of thousands of people were already living. Second, they were certain to discover places and things of immediate value to the new nation. Third, their venture cost next to nothing by today’s standards. A Mars mission may be the single most expensive non-wartime undertaking in U.S. history. Appealing as the thought of travel to Mars is, it does not mean the journey makes sense, even considering the human calling to explore. And Mars as a destination for people makes absolutely no sense with current technology. 25 Present systems for getting from Earth’s surface to low-Earth orbit are so fantastically expensive that merely launching the 1,000 tons or so of spacecraft and equipment a Mars mission would require could be accomplished only by cutting health-care benefits, education spending, or other important programs—or by raising taxes. Absent some remarkable discovery, astronauts, geologists, and biologists once on Mars could do little more than analyze rocks and feel awestruck(敬畏的) staring into the sky of another world. Yet rocks can be analyzed by automated probes without risk to human life, and at a tiny fraction of the cost of sending people. It is interesting to note that when President Bush unveiled his proposal, he listed these recent major achievements of space exploration pictures of evidence of water on Mars, discovery of more than 100 planets outside our solar system, and study of the soil of Mars. All these accomplishments came from automated probes or automated space telescopes. Bush’s proposal, which calls for reprogramming some of NASA’s present budget into the Mars effort, might actually lead to a reduction in such unmanned science—the one aspect of space exploration that’s working really well. Rather than spend hundreds of billions of dollars to hurl tons toward Mars using current technology, why not take a decade or two or however much time is required researching new launch systems and advanced propulsion (推进力)? lf new launch systems could put weight into orbit affordably, and advanced propulsion could speed up that long, slow transit to Mars, the dream of stepping onto the red planet might become reality. Mars will still be there when the technology is ready. 63. What do Lewis and Clark’s expedition and a Mars mission have in common? A. Instant value. B. Human inhabitance. C. Venture cost. D. Exploring spirit. 64. Bush’s proposal is challenged for the following reasons except that . A. its expenditure is too huge for the government to afford. B. American people’s well-being will suffer a lot if it is implemented 26 C. great achievements have already been made in Mars exploration in America D. unmanned Mars exploration sounds more practical and economical for the moment 65. Which cannot be concluded from the passage? A. Going to Mars using current technology is quite unrealistic. B. A Mars mission will in turn promote the development of unmanned program. C. Bush’s proposal is based on three recent great achievements of space exploration D. The achievements in space exploration show how well unmanned science has developed. 66. What is the main idea of the passage? A. Risky as it is, a Mars mission helps to retain Americas position as a technological leader. B. A Mars mission is so costly that it may lead to an economic disaster in America. C. Someday people may go to Mars but not until it makes technological sense. D. A Mars mission is unnecessary since the scientists once there won’t make great discoveries. 【答案】63. D 64. C 65. B 66. C 【解析】 【分析】 本文是一篇说明文，通过美国的火星探测计划介绍了总有一天人们可能会登上火星，但要等到技术成熟时。 【63 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段内容，特别是“They made that journey in the spirit of discovery. America has ventured forth into space for the same reasons.”可知，乔治·布什说，两个世纪前，刘易斯和克拉克离开圣路易斯，去 探索在路易斯安那购买计划中获得的新土地，并宣布他希望有一个把男人和女人送上火星的计划，他们本 着探索的精神进行了那次旅行，美国的火星探测计划也是出于同样的原因，由此可知，刘易斯和克拉克的 探险和火星任务的共同之处是探索精神，故 D 项正确。 27 【64 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Present systems for getting from Earth’s surface to low-Earth orbit are so fantastically expensive that merely launching the 1,000 tons or so of spacecraft and equipment a Mars mission would require could be accomplished only by cutting health-care benefits, education spending, or other important programs—or by raising taxes.”可知，目前从地球表面进入近地轨道的系统非常昂贵，仅发射火星任务所需 的 1000 吨左右的航天器和设备（开支巨大，政府负担不起），就只能通过削减医疗福利、教育开支或其他 重要项目或提高税收来完成（一旦实施，美国人民的福祉将受到影响），再根据“astronauts, geologists, and biologists once on Mars could do little more than analyze rocks and feel awestruck(敬畏的) staring into the sky of another world. Yet rocks can be analyzed by automated probes without risk to human life, and at a tiny fraction of the cost of sending people.”可知，宇航员、地质学家和生物学家一旦登上火星，除了分析岩石和对太空感到 敬畏之外，几乎什么也做了，然而，岩石可以通过自动探测器进行分析，而不会对人的生命造成危险，而 且只需花费派遣人员的一小部分费用（无人火星探测听起来更加实用和经济），以上三点是布什的提议受 到挑战的原因，而没有提到原因包括美国在火星探测方面已经取得了巨大成就，故 C 项正确。 【65 题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“Bush’s proposal, which calls for reprogramming some of NASA’s present budget into the Mars effort, might actually lead to a reduction in such unmanned science”可知，布什的提议要求 将美国宇航局目前的预算中的一部分重新编入火星计划，这实际上可能会导致这种无人探测科学的减少， 由此可知，火星任务不会促进无人探测计划的发展，故 B 项正确。 【66 题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，特别是根据最后一段中的“lf new launch systems could put weight into orbit affordably, and advanced propulsion could speed up that long, slow transit to Mars, the dream of stepping onto the red planet might become reality. Mars will still be there when the technology is ready.”可知，如果新的发射系统能够以合 理的价格将重量送入轨道，先进的推进系统能够加速到火星的漫长而缓慢的运输，登上这颗红色星球的梦 想就可能成为现实，当技术准备就绪时，火星仍将在那里，由此可知，本文主要介绍了总有一天人们可能 会登上火星，但要等到它在技术上变得成熟时，故 C 项正确。 【点睛】主旨大意题的难度较大，抓住文章主题句是关键，科普类说明的主题句一般在首段或末段，例如 本篇第 4 题，通读全文我们发现本篇文章首段的作用是引出文章话题——美国的火星探测计划，并没有点 28 明文章主题，这样我们应该在最后一段寻找主题句，根据最后一段中的“lf new launch systems could put weight into orbit affordably, and advanced propulsion could speed up that long, slow transit to Mars, the dream of stepping onto the red planet might become reality. Mars will still be there when the technology is ready.”可知，如 果新的发射系统能够以合理的价格将重量送入轨道，先进的推进系统能够加速到火星的漫长而缓慢的运 输，登上这颗红色星球的梦想就可能成为现实，当技术准备就绪时，火星仍将在那里，由此可知，本文主 要介绍了总有一天人们可能会去火星，但要等到它在技术上变得成熟时。 2017 届上海市浦东新区高考二模英语试题 Section B (A) Dear Cutie-Pie, Recently, your mother and I were searching for an answer on Google. Half way through entering the question, Google returned a list of the most popular searches in the world. At the top of the list was “How to keep him interested.” It surprised me a lot. I scanned several of the countless articles about how to be sexy and sexual, when to bring him a beer versus a sandwich, and the ways to make him feel smart and superior. And I got angry. Little One, it is not, has never been, and never will be your job to “keep him interested.” Little One, your only task is to know deeply in your soul—in that unshakeable place that isn’t upset by rejection and loss—that you are worthy of interest. If you can trust your worth in this way, you will be attractive in the most important sense of the world: you will attract a boy who is both capable of interest and who wants to spend his one life investing all of his interest in you. Little One, I want to tell you about the boy who doesn’t need to be kept interested, because he knows you are interesting. 29 I don’t care if he can’t play a bit of golf with me—as long as he can play with the children you give him and revel in all the glorious and frustrating ways they are just like you. I don’t care if he doesn’t follow his wallet—as long as he follows his heart and it always leads him back to you. I don’t care if he is strong—as long as he gives you the space to exercise the strength that is in your heart. I couldn’t care less how he votes—as long as he wakes up every morning and daily elects you to a place of honor in your home and a place of respect in his heart. I don’t care about the color of his skin. I don’t care if he was raised in this religion or that religion or no religion. Little One, if you come across a man like that and he and I have nothing else in common, we will have the most important thing in common: You. Because in the end, Little One, the only thing you should have to do to “keep him interested” is to be you. Your eternally interested guy, Daddy 56. What shocked Daddy when he was surfing on the Internet? A. Girls’ knowing nothing about trusting themselves. B. Girls’ giving priority to finding ways to please boys. C. Girls’ bringing foods and drinks to boys from time to time. D. Girls’ being upset by being rejected constantly. 57. Father thinks what is of primary importance to his daughter is to _____________________. A. keep the boy interested B. know she deserves a boy’s interest C. attract a boy willing to invest all in her D. find a boy who can please her 58. According to the passage, what does the underlined word “revel” mean? A. feel depressed B. become puzzled 30 C. look around D. enjoy himself 59. What’s the main purpose of this letter? A. To advise his daughter to trust her worth. B. To inform his daughter how to keep others interested. C. To show his daughter how to find her true love. D. To help his daughter find someone with common interests. (B) Self-driving Capabilities Sensor and camera-equipped models from Audi and Volkswagen, among others, don’t just automatically brake to prevent minor accidents; they can actually navigate（行驶）around highway traffic and into garages without a human at the wheel. Attractive Dashboards In addition to Ford’s new Sync system, which better understands voice commands, Apple and Google have partnered with automakers to create interfaces （ 界 面 ） as user-friendly as the ones on your smartphone. 31 Smarter Headlights Audi’s and BMW’s ultra-bright laser headlights can detect oncoming cars and dim slightly to avoid disturbing their drivers. One problem: they’re not yet legal in the U.S. Self-parking Skills The new model of BMW’s all-electric can find its own spot in a parking lot, then send signals via a smart-watch app to contact its drivers. 60. In terms of Self-driving Capabilities, what makes Audi and Volkswagen stand out? A. Braking when sensing red lights B. Going into garages without a driver C. Stopping other cars on highway D. Taking photos with a camera 61. Which of the cars can adjust the headlights in order not to upset drivers in oncoming cars? A. Ford and Volkswagen B. Audi and BMW C. Audi and Volkswagen D. BMW and Ford 62. In which section of a car magazine does the article most probably appear? A. First Drive 32 B. Cars For Rent C. Instrumental Tests D. Smart Tech (C) On the occasional clear-frost autumn night, I was hiking through the dark forest with my GMO wolf. Yes, my best friend is a genetically modified organism（转基因生物）; deliberate selection has produced the blunt-toothed, small-pawed wonder that walks by my side. Our world is changing rapidly. In the last five decades, global population has fully doubled, with 3.7 billion hungry mouths added to our planet. During this same time span, the amount of land suitable for agriculture has increased by only 5%. Miraculously, this did not result in the great global famine（饥荒）one might have predicted. How do scientists modify a plant so that it makes more food than its parents did? We could treat each harvest like a litter of wolf pups and select only plants bearing the fattest, richest seeds for the next season. This was the method our ancestors used to engineer rice, corn and wheat from the wild grasses they encountered. During my childhood, advances in genetic technologies allowed scientists to identify and clone the genes responsible for repressing stem growth, leading to shorter, stronger stalks that could bear more seed—the high-yield crops that feed us today. The 21st century has brought with it a marvelous new set of high-tech tools with which to further quicken the process of artificial selection. Plant geneticists can now directly edit out or edit in sections of DNA using molecular scissors. We can minimize a plant’s weaknesses while adding to its strengths, and we don’t have to wait for seasons to pass to test the result. It is the transformative potential of these techniques to quickly supply the next-generation crops required for upcoming climate change that has led me to believe in the safety and function of GMO plants in agricultural products. We need more GMO research to feed the world that we are creating. I love the quiet forest that stands between my lab and my home. But I know that as a scientist, I am responsible first to humanity. We must feed, shelter and nurture one another as our first priority, and to do so, we must take advantage of our best technologies, which have always included some type of genetic modification. We must continue as before, nourishing the future as we feed ourselves, and each year plant only the very best of what 33 we have collectively engineered. I keep the faith of my ancestors each night when I walk through the forest to my lab, and my GMO wolf does the same when she guards my way home. 63. Why does the author mention the wolf in the 1st paragraph? A. To advise people to keep wolves as pets B. To persuade readers to welcome the new technology C. To change people’s attitude towards wolves D. To introduce a technology used to humans’ advantage 64. Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE according to the passage? A. GMO technology will help weatherproof future crops. B. With GMO technology, famine has been eliminated. C. Artificial selections make high-yield plants possible. D. The author believes technology should contribute to future generations. 65. What can be learned about modifying a plant? A. It takes scientists seasons to know whether their selection is correct. B. One way for ancestors to change a plant was to clone some genes. C. Modern techniques help speed up the artificial selection by altering DNA. D. The general public show strong faith in GMO plants. 66. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage? A. GMO Technology—Turning Wolves into the Best Pets B. Engineered Food—Feeding Future Generations C. Engineered Food—To Be or Not To Be 34 D. GMO Technology—A Driving Force in World Peace 【答案】 56—59 B B D A 60—62 B B D 63—66 D B C B 2016 届上海市浦东新区高考二模英语试题 Section B Directions: Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) Fans of reptiles like snakes will want to pay more attention to a special vehicle that has recently hit the streets: the Super Green Turtle Machine. Just like Batman has his Batmobile, Jesse Rothacker and Forgotten Friend Reptile Sanctuary (FFRS) can now be found touring Lancaster County in the Super Green Turtle Machine, a van with an important mission. Rothacker had co-written a song called “Super Green Turtle Machine” with musician Steven Courtney. The song became the inspiration for the van. FFRS is celebrating its 12th year rescuing and advocating for reptiles and creatures of all shapes and sizes. The Super Green Turtle Machine will be rolling out to upcoming Forgotten Friend programs and frequent reptile rescue calls. “We have more than 60 educational events already scheduled for 2016,” Rothacker mentioned. The programs will educate audiences of all ages about reptiles and other amazing animals that are often given a bad reputation. “The idea behind the Turtle Machine is to take a marginalized animal group like reptiles and give them some positive publicity on social media,” Rothacker explained. When reptile fans see the van parked with its colorful turtle mascot (吉祥物) giving a thumb-up, they are invited to take a photo with the vehicle with their own thumbs up sign. “Lots of people will have an opportunity to tell their friends on Facebook and Twitter 35 that they give reptiles a thumb-up,” Rothacher said. “Then they can post their pictures to social media with the tag Give Reptiles A Chance.” To sweeten the deal, FFRS will choose several winners from those who post photos for special prizes such as T-shirts, books, and other reptile-related items. In addition to the positive publicity, the Super Green Turtle Machine will serve a more practical purpose, as well. Rothacker and his team hope to make a few more changes to the van in the future. “The main work is done, but we’d love to finish her up,” Rothacker shared. “We have plans to add flashing caution lights for when we stop to help snakes and turtles cross the road.” Further enhancements to the Turtle Machine include adding extra tools to help with reptile rescue pickups and live educational events. As FFRS is a non-profit, donations toward the Super Green Turtle Machine are tax deductible. Interested individuals may contribute at www. forgottenfriend.org. 66. What can we learn from the passage about Jesse Rothacker? A. He is good at composing songs. B. He has many batmobiles. C. He cures creatures of all shapes and sizes. D. He works for FFRS. 67. What’s the mission of the Super Green Turtle Machine? A. To roll out to the street for people to take pictures with. B. To publicize reptiles positively and give them practical help. C. To inspire people with the songs the van plays. D. To choose the winners from those posting good photos. 68. What does the underlined word “marginalized” in the 4th paragraph most probably mean? A. Often neglected. B. Highly endangered. C. Much valued. D. Widely noticed. 69. According to Rothacker, which of the following is NOT among the possible changes to the van? 36 A. Flashing caution lights. B. Colourful turtle mascots. C. Tools for live educational events. D. Reptile rescue pickup tools. (B) Dear Miss Manners, My friends’ kids always ask for gifts or say, “You didn’t give me a gift” for their birthdays or Christmas. This is done while their moms are present, and they don’t say anything. How do I ask my friends to tell their kids that it’s rude to ask people for gifts? Paul Dear Paul, Never mind the mothers, who are obviously not going to teach them manners. I suggest responding directly and pleasantly to the children with, “Why—were you planning to give me one?” Their astonishment should give you the opportunity to explain politely that we are not supposed to force others to give gifts and giving presents is generally expected to be mutual. Dear Miss Manners, I am celebrating a milestone birthday with a formal theme party at a club. The time of the party is 7 p.m. to midnight. It includes a cocktail hour at 7, with dinner following. Can I add the 7 p.m. cocktail hour to the invitation? I would hate guests to misunderstand and think that they could arrive anytime between 7 and midnight. Dear Caroline, The temptation to tell one’s guests when they are expected to leave is one with which Miss Manners sympathizes. Clear signals are often neglected. If the hosts do not rise from the table to announce coffee in the living room as the final act, guests feel awkward about being the first to get up. And then some people just never know when to go home. However, putting both starting and finishing times on an invitation, often done for cocktail parties, indeed suggests that they may arrive during the event—not toward its end, to be sure, but not necessarily at the starting point. 37 Caroline You are giving a dinner party, so you should inform your guests that it will start at 7, as drinks before the meal are part of the routine. That tells them to arrive on time—and you can only hope that they w ill take themselves off at a decent hour. 70. According to Miss Manners, the proper way to deal with a kid asking for gifts is _______. A. to ignore the kid’s request for gifts B. to scold the kid for asking for presents C. to tell kids gift giving is voluntary and two-way D. to advise the kid’s mum to teach him proper manners 71. Which of the following does Miss Manners advise you to do at a party? A. Suggest guests arriving during the event. B. Directly remind guests to leave at a proper time. C. Inform guests of both starting and finishing hours. D. Give guests clear hint when they should leave the party. 72. In witch part of a newspaper can you find this passage? A. Advice Section. B. Live Chats Section. C. Entertainment Section. D. Classified Ads Section. (C) In the 1990s, when an area of Brazilian rainforest the size of Belgium was 38 cut down every year, Brazil was the world’s environmental villain(反派角色) and the Amazonian jungle the image of everything that was going wrong in green places. Now, the Amazon ought to be the image of what is going right. Government figures show that deforestation fell by 70% in the Brazilian Amazon region during the past decade. If clearances had continued at their rate in 2005, an extra 3.2 billion tonnes of carbon dioxide would have been put into the atmosphere. That is an amount equal to a year’s emissions from the European Union. Arguably, then, Brazil is now the world leader in addressing climate change. But how did it break the vicious cycle(恶性循环)? The answer, according to a paper is that there was no silver bullet but instead a three-stage process in which bans, better governance in frontier areas and consumer pressure on companies worked. The first stage ran from the mid-1990s to 2004. This was when the government put its efforts into bans and restrictions. The Brazilian Forest Code said that, on every farm in the Amazon, 80% of the land had to be set aside as a forest reserve. As the study observes, this share was so high that the code could not be followed—or enforced. This was the period of the worst deforestation. Soybean prices were high and there was a vast expansion of soybean farming on the south-eastern border of the rainforest. During the second stage, which ran from 2005 to 2009, the government tried to boost its ability to police the Amazon. Brazil’s president made stopping deforestation a priority, which resulted in better co-operation between different bits of the government. The area in which farming was banned was increased from a sixth to nearly half of the forest. The third stage, which began in 2009, was a test of whether a system of restrictions could survive as soybean expansion continued. The government shifted its focus from farms to counties (each state has scores of these). Farmers in the 36 counties with the worst deforestation rates were banned from getting cheap credit until those rates fell. By any standards, Brazil’s Amazon policy has been a success, made the more remarkable because it relied on restrictions rather than rewards, which might have been expected to have worked better. Over the period of the study, Brazil also turned itself into a farming superpower, so the country has shown it is possible to get a huge increase in food output without destroying the forest. Moreover, the policies so far have been successful among commercial farmers who care about the law and respond to market pressures. 39 Most remaining deforestation is by small holders who care rather less about these things, so the government faces the problem of persuading them to change their ways, too. Deforestation has been slowed, but not yet stopped. 73. Brazil is considered to play a leading role in dealing with climate change because ______. A. it has rainforest as large as Belgium B. it has cut down too much rainforest C. it has taken action to reduce deforestation D. it sent 3.2 billion tons of carbon dioxide into the air 74. The underlined phrase “silver bullet” in Paragraph 2 most probably refers to______. A. a powerful weapon B. an effective solution C. an intelligent device D. a golden opportunity 75. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage? A. 80% of the farmland was allowed for farming in the 1st stage. B. Soybean prices went up where farming land was expanded. C. The government hired more policemen in the Amazon area. D. The government enlarged its range of supervision in the 3rd stage. 76. What can we infer from the last paragraph? A. Brazil has successfully eliminated deforestation. B. All the farmers care much about forest protection. C. Small farm holders are a headache for the Brazilian government. 40 D. Both the food output and the forest in Brazil have greatly increased. 77. What can be the best title of the passage? A. Cutting Down on Cutting Down B. Brazil, the World Leader in Farming C. Restrictions Outperforming Rewards D. Former Awareness Working Wonders 【答案】 66—69 DBAB 70—72 CDA 73—77 CBDCA