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上海黄浦区
2016-2020 年五年高考二模英语试题汇编-阅读理解专题
2020 届上海市黄浦区高考二模英语试题
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions
or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D.
Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just
read.
(A)
Katherine Jonson,winner of the presidential medial of freedom,refused to be limited by society5 expectations
of her gender and race while expanding the borders of humanity’s reach--President Barack Obama,2015
Using little more than a pencil a slide rule and one of the finest mathematical minds in the
country,Mrs.Johnson, who died at 101,calculated the precise path that would let Apollo 11 land on the moon in
1969 and,after Neil Armstrong's history-making moonwalk,let it return to Earth Wet throughout Mrs.Johnson's 33
years in NASAN& Flight Research Division and for decades afterward,almost no one knew her name.She was
just one of those unheralded women who,well before the modem feminist(女权)movement,worked as NASA
mathematicians.But it was not only her gender that kept her long marginalized and long unsung Katherine
Johnson,a West Virginia native,was also African-American.
But over time,the work of Mrs.Johnson and her colleagues--countless calculations done mainly by
hand,using slide rules,chart paper and inefficient desktop calculating machines--won them a level of acceptance
that for the most competitive race.
“NASA was a very professional organization,”Mrs.Johnson told The Observer of Fayetteville,N.C.,in 2010.
“They didn't have time to be concerned about what color I was.”Nor,she said,did she.”I don't have a feeling of
inferiority,”Mrs.Johnson said on at least one occasion.”Never had.I m as good as anybody,but no better.”
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To the end of her life,Mrs.Johnson refused praise for her role in sending astronauts into space,keeping them
on course and bringing them safely home.”I was just doing my job,”Mrs.Johnson repeatedly said so.But what a
job it was--done,no less,by a woman born at a time when the odds were more likely that she would die before age
35 than even finish high school.
46. The underlined word “unheralded”most probably means______.
A. not adequately paid
B. not previously mentioned
C. not officially rewarded.
D. not fast promoted
47. It was ___________ put together that made Mrs. Johnson a miracle.
A. her skin color, her gender and the facilities
B. her gender, her intelligence and the facilities
C. her skin color, her gender and her intelligence
D. her intelligence, her skin color and the facilities
48. From Mrs. Johnson's comments on NASA and her own job, we can conclude that ____________.
A. she was confident and modest
B. NASA shows no interest in staff's races
C. She was superior to most women in her age
D. NASA is professionally organized and supportive
49. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?
A. Woman Made Calculations
B. NASA Marginalized Mathematicians
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C. Gender Divided Organizations
D. Mathematician Broke Barriers
【答案】46. B 47. C 48. A 49. D
【解析】
这是一篇人物传记。文章介绍了在航天事业上做出了巨大贡献的美国最杰出的数学天才之一——凯瑟琳·约
翰逊。
【46 题详解】
词义猜测题。根据此词前一句 for decades afterward,almost no one knew her name.“几十年后，几乎没有人知
道她的名字。”由此推知，下文中划线词的意思是“以前未提到的”。故选 B。
【47 题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中 Using little more than a pencil,a slide rule and one of the finest mathematical minds
in the country,Mrs.Johnson, who died at 101,calculated the precise path that would let Apollo 11 land on the moon
in 1969“她只用了一支铅笔和一把计算尺，而她是美国最杰出的数学天才之一。约翰逊在 101 岁时去世，
她计算出了阿波罗 11 号在 1969 年登陆月球的精确路径，”和 But it was not only her gender that kept her long
marginalized and long unsung Katherine Johnson,a West Virginia native,was also African-American.“然而，让长
期被边缘化、默默无闻的凯瑟琳·约翰逊(Katherine Johnson)成为非裔美国人的不只是她的性别。”和
第三段“They didn't have time to be concerned about what color I was.”“他们没有时间去关心我是什么肤色。
他们没有时间去关心我是什么肤色。”由此可知，她的肤色，她的性别和她的智慧使约翰逊夫人成为一个
奇迹。故选 C。
【48 题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“NASA was a very professional organization,”Mrs.Johnson told The Observer of
Fayetteville,N.C.,in 2010. “They didn't have time to be concerned about what color I was.”“I don't have a feeling
of inferiority,”Mrs.Johnson said on at least one occasion.”Never had.I m as good as anybody,but no better.” NASA
是一个非常专业的组织。约翰逊告诉北卡罗来纳州费耶特维尔的《观察家报》在 2010 年。“他们没有时
间去关心我是什么肤色。“我没有自卑感。”约翰逊至少有一次这样说过。“从来没有。我和别人一样好，
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但也好不到哪去。”由此可知，从约翰逊夫人对 NASA 和她自己工作的评论中，可知她是自信而谦虚的。
故选 A。
【49 题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段中 Using little more than a pencil,a slide rule and one of the finest mathematical minds
in the country,Mrs.Johnson, who died at 101,calculated the precise path that would let Apollo 11 land on the moon
in 1969“她只用了一支铅笔和一把计算尺，而她是美国最杰出的数学天才之一。约翰逊享年 101 岁，他计
算出了阿波罗 11 号在 1969 年登陆月球的精确路径”。由此可知作者女数学家在航空事业上打破了壁垒，
做出了巨大贡献，所以 D 项为最佳标题。故选 D。
(B)
our mission our supporters about us
Frequently Asked Questions
What is “UNICEF”?
UNICEF is the United Nations Children’s Fund
When created in 1946 to help children in war-torn Europe, China and the Middle East, UNICEF stood for
“United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund”. In 1947, UNICEF USA was founded, one year after
UNICEF, to support UNICEF’s lifesaving work for children.
By 1953, UNICEF's task was extended to address the needs of children in the developing world. At that time,
the words “international” and “emergency” were dropped from the organization’s name, making it simply the
United Nations Children’s Fund. UNICEF has helped save more children’s lives than any other humanitarian
organization.
What is UNICEF USA’s mission?
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We work for the survival, protection and development of children worldwide through fund raising, advocacy
and education.
How can I volunteer for UNICEF in the field?
UNICEF secures volunteers, who must have at least a Bachelor’s Degree and two-to-five years’ experience in
their field of expert knowledge and skills, through the United Nations Volunteers program.
If you are a citizen of the United States and meet the above standards, send your resume to the United
Nations Volunteers program at the following address for more information: United Nations Volunteers, c/o Peace
Corps, 1111 20th St.N.W, Washington, DC 20526.
If you are interested in volunteering within the United States, click here to learn how.
May I donate non-cash goods for emergency relief?
Some have asked us about donating goods here in the U.S. for emergency relief efforts abroad. While we are
grateful for the desire to help, UNICEF does not accept non-cash goods. Why?
Financial donations are the fastest and most efficient way to provide assistance. Donated goods must be
screened, sorted, stored and transported. UNICEF pre-positions supplies to speed up delivery and sources them
locally whenever possible. A blanket donated today can take weeks, or even months, to arrive abroad. A dollar
donated today, however, will be arranged tomorrow to buy lifesaving supplies.
We also purchase supplies in large quantities to save money. That means your financial donation will get
more supplies to more kids in need than your donation of non-cash goods.
50. Which of the following statements is true of UNICEF USA?
A. It no longer provides emergency fund.
B. It is localized to focus on national affairs.
C. It was originally created for kids’ education.
D. It supports children growth at home and abroad.
51. If you want to be a UNICEF USA volunteer,______ is NOT a must.
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A. required education background B. related working experience
C. American nationality D. educational program participation
52. Financial donation is a better choice than non-cash goods because of_________.
A. the good will B. operational efficiency
C. local assistance D. the reliable supply
【答案】50. D 51. D 52. B
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了关于 UNICEF(联合国儿童基金会)的相关问题：由来，使命以及谈到要
在 UNICEF 从事志愿者的要求和能否捐赠非现金的物品等内容。
【50 题详解】
细节理解题。根据题干关键词 UNICEF USA，定位文章第二段 In 1947, UNICEF USA was founded, one year
after UNICEF, to support UNICEF’s lifesaving work for children.可知，1947 年，联合国儿童基金会美国分会
成立，比联合国儿童基金会晚一年，旨在支持联合国儿童基金会拯救儿童生命的工作。由第二个黑体字关
于 UNICEF USA 的介绍了解到其使命是通过筹款、宣传和教育，为全世界儿童的生存、保护和发展而努
力。结合选项理解可知，只有 D 项符合文章意义。故选 D 项。
【51 题详解】
细节理解题。由题干关键词 to be a UNICEF USA volunteer，可以回归文章第三个黑体字所在的段落。本段
涉及到如何做志愿者的细节。根据本段中①have at least a Bachelor’s Degree (教育背景)②two-to-five years’
experience in their field of expert knowledge and skills(从业经历)③If you are a citizen of the United States and
meet the above standards(国籍)可知，是满足做志愿者的三个要求。结合选项，只有 D 项未提到。故选 D
项。
【52 题详解】
细节理解题。题干问捐款比非现金物品更好的原因，文章第四个黑体字主要讲能否捐赠非现金物品的相关
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细节。根据其后第二段：While we are grateful for the desire to help, UNICEF does not accept non-cash
goods.Why? 第三段：Financial donations are the fastest and most efficient way to provide assistance.可知，财政
捐赠是提供援助的最快最有效的方式。结合选项，只有选项 B 符合。故选 B 项。
【点睛】做阅读理解题，找准题干的关键词为定位文章答案起到了事半功倍的作用。关键词通常是题干中
的名词、名词短语以及问题的疑问词，理解了关键词，题干也就容易了。进而结合选项找出和文章意义一
致的选项。如第 2 小题，由题干关键词 to be a UNICEF USA volunteer，可以回归文章第三个黑体字所在的
段 落 。 本 段 涉 及 到 如 何 做 志 愿 者 的 细 节 。 根 据 本 段 中 ①have at least a Bachelor’s Degree ( 教 育 背
景)②two-to-five years’ experience in their field of expert knowledge and skills(从业经历)③If you are a citizen
of the United States and meet the above standards(国籍)可知，是满足做志愿者的三个要求。结合选项，只有
D 项未提到。故选 D 项。
(C)
Scientists in Antarctica have recorded,for the first time,unusually warm water beneath a glacier (冰川)the
size of Florida that is already melting and contributing to a rise in sea levels.
The researchers,working on the Thwaites Glacier,recorded water temperatures at the base of the ice of more
than 2℃,above the normal freezing point.Critically,the measurements were taken at the glacier's grounding
line,the area where it transforms from resting wholly on bedrock to spreading out on the sea as ice shelves.It is
unclear how fast the glacier is getting worse:Studies have forecast its total collapse in a century or in a few
decades.The presence of warm water in the grounding line may support estimates at the faster range.
That is worthy of attention because the Thwaites,along with the Pine Island Glacier and several smaller
glaciers, acts as a brake on part of the much larger West Antarctic Ice Sheet, which , if melted, would raise the
world's oceans by more than a meter over centuries,an amount that would put many coastal cities underwater.
“Warm waters in this part of the world,as remote as they may seem,should serve as a warning to all of us
about the potential terrible changes to the planet brought about by climate change,” said David Holland, director
of New York University's Environmental Fluid Dynamics Laboratory.
Glaciologists have previously raised alarm over the presence of warm water melting the Thwaites from
below.This is the first time,though,that warm waters have been measured at the glacier's grounding line.
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To observe activity beneath the glacier,Dr.Holland's team drilled a hole -about 30 centimeters wide and 600
meters deep-from the surface to the bottom and then placed equipment that measures water temperature and ocean
turbulence,or the mixing of freshwater from the glacier and salty ocean water.Collecting the data took about 96
hours in subzero weather.Warm waters beneath the Thwaites are actively melting it, the team found.
While scientists may not yet be able to definitively predict how soon glaciers like the Thwaites will melt,
human-caused climate change is a key factor.The biggest predictor of “how much ice we will lose and how
quickly we will lose it,”Dr.Holland said,”is human action.”
53. What does warm water found in the glacier's grounding line indicate?
A. Sea levels should be remeasured.
B. It may take a century for the glacier to melt.
C. The grounding line is getting shorter.
D. The glacier might disappear sooner
54. The Thwaites and other glaciers are important because ______.
A. they hold back ice
B. they are extremely large
C. they are located at bedrocks
D. they are collapsing
55. What can be inferred from the passage about the researchers’ viewpoints?
A. We can predict how much ice can be kept.
B. Human beings are to blame for the loss of ice.
C. Glaciers serve a more important purpose than expected.
D. More data needs to be collected to support the estimates.
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56. What is the passage mainly about?
A. The efforts made to avoid the presence of warm water.
B. The alarm voiced on the worsening situation of glaciers.
C. The tools employed to measure the temperature of Antarctica.
D. The prediction based on a scientific study of the grounding line.
【答案】53. D 54. A 55. B 56. B
【解析】
本文是说明文。科学家在南极洲第一次在冰川的接地线上测量到水温超过 2℃，高于正常冰点。 温暖的海
水对人类发出了警告。
【53 题详解】
细节理解题。第二段中提到研究斯 Thwaites 冰川的研究人员记录了冰层底部的水温超过 2℃，高于正常冰
点；根据第二段中“It is unclear how fast the glacier is getting worse: Studies have forecast its total collapse in a
century or in a few decades.（目前还不清楚冰川恶化的速度有多快：研究预测冰川将在一个世纪或几十年内
完全崩塌。）”可知，在冰川的接地线上发现的温暖的海水表明冰川可能在一个世纪或几十年内会更快消
失。故选 D 项。
【54 题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“the Thwaites,along with the Pine Island Glacier and several smaller glaciers, acts
as a brake on part of the much larger West Antarctic Ice Sheet,which if melted,would raise the world's oceans by
more than a meter over centuries.（因为 Thwaites、松岛冰川和几个较小的冰川，对更大的南极西部冰盖起到
阻拦的作用。而如果南极西部冰盖融化的话，几个世纪，海平面就会上升了一米多）”。因此，Thwaites
冰川和其他的冰川的作用很重要因为它们阻拦了一部分南极西部冰盖。故选 A 项。
【55 题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中“…human-caused climate change is a key factor. ” 和“how much ice we
will lose and how quickly we will lose it,”Dr.Holland said,”is human action.”虽然科学家们可能还不能确切地
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预测冰川会以多快的速度融化，但人类造成的气候变化是一个关键因素。因此可以推断，研究者们认为人
类应该为冰川的消失负责任。故选 B 项。
【56 题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，文章讲述了科学家在南极洲第一次在冰川的接地线上测量到海水的水温超过 2℃，
高于正常冰点。根据第四段中““Warm waters in this part of the world,…should serve as a warning to all of us
about the potential terrible changes to the planet brought about by climate change,”” 科学家们指出，温暖的海
水应该对我们所有人发出警告，让我们知道气候变化可能给地球带来可怕的后果；并且指出，人类造成的
气候变化是一个关键因素。因此文章是关于日益恶化的冰川情况对人类提出的警告。故选 B 项。
2019 届上海市黄浦区高考二模英语试题
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions
or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D.
Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.
(A)
In 1888 an Egyptian farmer digging in the sand near the village of Istabl Antar uncovered a mass grave. The
bodies weren’t human. They were feline — ancient cats that had been mummified(木乃伊化的) and buried in
holes in astonishing numbers. “Not one or two here and there”, reported English Illustrated Magazine, “but
dozens, hundreds, hundreds of thousands, a layer of them, a layer thicker than most coal joints, ten to twenty cats
deep. ” Some of the linen-wrapped cats still looked presentable, and a few even had golden faces. Village children
peddled the best ones to tourists for change; the rest were sold as fertilizer. One ship transported about 180,000,
weighing some 38, 000 pounds, to Liverpool to be spread on the fields of England.
Those were the days of generously funded explorations—that dragged through acres of desert in their quest
for royal tombs, and for splendid gold and painted masks to decorate the estates and museums of Europe and
America. The many thousands of mummified animals that turned up at religious sites throughout Egypt were just
things to be cleared away to get at the good stuff. Few people studied them, and their importance was generally
unrecognized.
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In the century since then, archaeology has become less of a treasure hunt and more of a science.
Archaeologists now realize that much of their sites’ wealth lies in the majority of details about ordinary
folks—what they did, what they thought, how they prayed. And animal mummies are a big part of that.
“They’re really displays of daily life,” says Egyptologist Salima Ikram. After peering beneath bandages with
x-rays and cataloguing her findings, she created a gallery for the collection — a bridge between people today and
those of long ago. “You look at these mummified animals, and suddenly you say, Oh, King So-and-So had a pet. I
have a pet. And instead of being at a distance of 5,000-plus years, the ancient Egyptians become clearer and closer
to us.”
56. Which of the following words has the closest meaning to “peddled”(paragraph 1)?
A. modernized B. displayed C. illustrated D. demonstrated
57. Why was archaeology once referred to as a“treasure hunt ”(paragraph 3)?
A. In the royal tombs, there were many treasures made of silver and gold.
B. Animal mummies could be made into fertilizer which is very valuable.
C. It was hard to find animal mummies since they were buried under dirt.
D. People sought the remains of ancient Egypt merely for their material value.
58. Which of the following is TRUE about Salima Ikram?
A. She wishes to establish the continuity of pets over history.
B. She believes that studying the remains can help modern society relate to the past.
C. She wants to identify the King’s personal belongings and classify them.
D. She doubts if current society will understand the significance of Egyptian remains.
59. This article probably encourages the readers to _____________.
A. value the past by studying the remains left behind by our ancestors
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B. make full use of the remains our ancestors have left behind
C. understand that animal mummies are more important than gold and masks
D. become more sensitive to the ancient lifestyle of our ancestors
【答案】56. B 57. D 58. B 59. A
【解析】
【分析】
本文为记叙文。自从 1888 年在埃及发现了猫动物的木乃伊之后，大量的皇家墓穴被挖掘，成千上万的木
乃伊被运往世界各地，以攫取物质利益。后来考古学家不再只是寻宝，而是把它作为一门科学研究。因为
木乃伊展示了古埃及人的日常生活。正如古物学家萨利玛·伊克拉姆所说，木乃伊的研究是现代社会和过去
的联系的桥梁。
【56 题详解】
猜测词义题。根据第一段中 “Village children peddled the best ones to tourists for change; the rest were sold as
fertilizer.”可知，peddled 后的“to tourists for change”即“把最好的给游客来换取零钱”，可知，此处的 peddled
是“兜售”给游客以换取零钱，可知 peddle 就是向他人炫耀从而售出。分析选项 A. modernized 使现代化；B.
displayed 炫耀，展览；C. illustrated 加插图于，描述；D. demonstrated 证明，证实。可推断出 B. displayed
符合题意，故选 B。
【57 题详解】
推理判断题。第二段叙述了“最初考古是为了寻找皇家陵墓，寻找华丽的黄金和彩绘面具来装饰欧洲和美
洲的地产和博物馆。成千上万的来自古埃及的动物木乃伊出现在埃及各地的宗教场所，但很少有人研究它
们”。可知，考古就是寻宝，为了物质上的价值。以及第三段第一句话“从那以后的一个世纪里，考古学已
不再是寻宝，而是一门科学”由此可知，他们寻找古埃及的遗迹仅仅是为了他们的物质价值。分析选项可
知 D 项符合题意，故选 D。
【58 题详解】
推理判断题。最后一段 she（Salima Ikram） created a gallery for the collection — a bridge between people today
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and those of long ago.可知，Salima Ikram 把她的发现进行分类之后，她为这些收藏品创建了一个画廊——
一座连接今天的人和很久以前的人的桥梁。以及她的话“You look at these mummified animals, and suddenly
you say, Oh, King So-and-So had a pet. I have a pet. And instead of being at a distance of 5,000-plus years, the
ancient Egyptians become clearer and closer to us.” “你看着这些动物木乃伊，突然你说，哦，国王某某养了一
只宠物。我有一只宠物。古埃及人与我们之间的距离不再是 5000 多年前的事了，而是变得更加清晰，离
我们更近了。”由此可推断出她认为研究这些遗迹有助于把现代社会与过去联系起来。分析选项可知 B 符
合题意，故选 B。
【59 题详解】
推理判断题。本文主要叙述了古代埃及的木乃伊展示了古代埃及人的日常生活，是了解它们的途径，有助
于在现代社会与过去的之间建立一座桥梁。通过研究它们可以让我们正确的评估过去。分析选项可知 A 符
合题意，故选 A。
【点睛】高考中词义推断是常考的题型。阅读材料中的每个词与它前后的词语或句子甚至段落都有联系。
我们可以利用语境（各种已知信息）中相关的词汇并结合具体的语境，从形式和内容上把握语言之间的内
在联系，理顺语言之间的逻辑关系，进而达到猜词的目的。例如第 1 小题词意猜测题.根据第一段中 “Village
children peddled the best ones to tourists for change; the rest were sold as fertilizer.”可知，peddled 后的“to
tourists for change”即“最好的给游客来换取零钱”，可知，此处的 peddled 是“兜售”给游客以换取零钱，可知
peddle 就是向他人炫耀从而售出。分析选项 A. modernized 使现代化；B. displayed 炫耀，展览；C. illustrated
加插图于，描述；D. demonstrated 证明，证实。可推断出 B. displayed 符合题意，故选 B。
(B)
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● Stocky, slow-moving whale, rarely grows beyond 15 metres in length
● Flippers are a third of body length; variable dorsal fin size and shape; saw-toothed trailing edge on flukes,
often raised when diving
● Bumpy tubercles on top of head
● Body colour is dark brown to black; often extensive white on flippers and underside of body and flukes;
such patterns enable individual recognition
● Bushy blow, occasionally V-shaped
● 270-400 olive baleen plates
Humpback whales belong to the rorqual (groove-throated) family, which includes fin, sei, Bryde’s, minke
and blue whales. The big family migrate between winter tropical breeding areas (North West Shelf, Great Barrier
Reef, New Caledonia, Vanuatu, Fiii, Tonga) and summer Antarctic feeding areas. Once common in New Zealand
waters, humpbacks are now rarely seen and may migrate further offshore. Males compete for mates either by
physical fight or by song. Females give birth to their young every two to three years; some non-breeding females
probably remain in the southern waters during winter. Young humpback whales return to their area of birth but in
later life some wander between breeding areas. Humpbacks eat small shrimps and other schooling prey, such as
fish, forming small, cooperative groups of two to three individuals to feed.
15
Similar species: Easily identifiable due to a ‘hump’ back when submerging, but at a distance may be
confused with other species that raise their flukes when diving, such as sperm, right and blue whales.
Protection status: Recovering well from past whaling and now numerous in some former migration and
aggregation areas, rarely seen in others.
60. Which of the following is TRUE about humpback whales?
A. Their long flippers vary in length, size and shape like dorsal fin.
B. They are large and likely to grow longer than 15 metres.
C. The different colors and patterns of the body help to be recognized.
D. Their bumpy tubercles and blowholes are on both sides of head.
61. Which of the following can be inferred from this article’s description of humpback whales’ migration?
A. They need warmer waters to breed.
B. They can’t survive in extreme cold.
C. They find plentiful food in tropical waters.
D. They are mostly hunted in New Zealand waters.
62. This article is mainly intended to .
A. explain why humpbacks are still hunted in some parts of the world
B. introduce how humpbacks migrate through some dangerous waters
C. popularize the basic knowledge of humpbacks and call for protection
D. help distinguish humpbacks from other similar species
【答案】60. C 61. A 62. C
【解析】
16
本文为说明文。文中介绍了座头鲸外形特点、体重、颜色，以及其如何繁殖、喂养等生活习性等，并呼吁
大家保护它。
【60 题详解】
推理判断题 。根据第四个小点后的一段“Body color is dark brown to black; often extensive white on flippers
and underside of body and flukes; such patterns enable individual recognition”可知，座头鲸体色由深棕色至黑
色，脚蹼、身体底部和尾鳍上通常是大面积的白色；这样的图案使单个的座头鲸很容易被识别。分析选项
可知 C 项符合题意，故选 C。
【61 题详解】
推理判断题。根据第五个小黑点后面的“The big family migrate between winter tropical breeding areas (North
West Shelf, Great Barrier Reef, New Caledonia, Vanuatu, Fiii, Tonga) and summer Antarctic feeding areas.” 座头
鲸这个大家族在冬季的热带繁殖区（西北大陆架、大堡礁、新喀里多尼亚、瓦努阿图、斐济、汤加）和夏
季南极喂养区之间迁徙。可知，座头鲸在热带地区繁殖。冬季的热带繁殖区，是温暖的地方。可知座头鲸
需要在暖和的地方繁殖，故选 A。
【62 题详解】
主旨大意题。本文主要对座头鲸外形特点、体重、颜色，以及其如何繁殖喂养等生活习性等作了介绍，并
呼吁大家保护意识。所以本文目的是普及有关座头鲸的知识，并对它们加以保护。分析选项可知 C 项符合
题意，故选 C。
(C)
Right now, I am looking at a shelf full of relics, a collection of has-beens, old-timers, antiques, fossils. Right
now, I am looking at a shelf full of books. Yes, that’s right. If you have some spare cash (the going rate is about
$89) and you are looking to enhance your reading experience, then I highly suggest you consider purchasing an
e-reader. E-readers are replacing the books of old and I welcome them with open arms (as you should).
An e-reader is a device that allows you to read e-books. An e-book is a book-length publication in digital
form, consisting of text, images or both, and produced on, published through and readable on computers or other
electronic devices. Sometimes the equivalent of a conventional printed book, e-books can also be born digital. The
Oxford Dictionary of English defines the e-book as “an electronic version of a printed book”, but e-books can and
17
do exist without any printed equivalent.
E-readers put printed books to shame. E-readers are superior to printed books because they save space, are
environmentally friendly and provide helpful reading tips and tools that printed books do not.
The average e-reader can store thousands of digital books, providing a genuine library at your fingertips.
What is more, the e-reader itself is very small. It is easy to hold and can fit in a pocketbook or briefcase easily.
This makes handling wooden giant such as War and Peace and Anna Karenina a breeze. Perhaps the only
drawback to the space-saving aspect of an e-reader is that it requires you to find new things to put on your shelves.
In addition, e-readers are environmentally friendly. The average novel is about 300 pages long. So, if a novel
is printed 1000 times, it will use 300,000 pieces of paper. That’s a lot of paper! And for the super bestsellers, these
figures increase dramatically. For example, the Harry Potter book series has sold over 450 million copies. That’s
about 2 million trees! Upon viewing these figures, it is not hard to grasp the severe impact of printed books on the
environment. Since e-readers use no trees, they represent a significant amount of preservation in terms of the
environment and its resources.
Finally, e-readers provide helpful reading tips and tools that printed books do not. The typical e-reader allows
its user to adjust letter size, letterform and line spacing. It also allows highlighting and electronic bookmarking.
Furthermore, it grants users the ability to get an overview of a book and then jump to a specific location
based on that overview. While these are all nice features, perhaps the most helpful of all is the ability to get
dictionary definitions at the touch of a finger. On even the most basic e-reader, users can find instant definitions
without having to hunt through a physical dictionary.
It can be seen that e-readers are superior to printed books. They save space, are environmentally friendly and
provide helpful reading tips and tools that printed books do not. So what good are printed books? Well, they
certainly make nice decorations.
63. As used in paragraph 1, it can be inferred that “has-beens, old-timers, antiques, fossils” are all words that
describe something ____________.
A. outdated B. typical C. meaningful D. useless
64. Based on information in the passage, it can be inferred that printed books of War and Peace and Anna
18
Karenina are all ____________.
A. superior and dramatic B. dense and environmental
C. awkward and heavy D. significant and resistant
65. According to the author, which of the following reading tips and tools are offered by the e-reader?
① line spacing customization
② the ability to quickly jump to the end of a book
③ access to a printed dictionary at the touch of a finger
A. ①and ②only B. ①and ③only C. ②and ③only D. ①, ② and ③
66. Which of the following sentences from the passage best summarizes the author’s main point?
A. “If you have some spare cash(the going rate is about $89)and are looking to enhance your reading experience,
then I highly suggest you consider purchasing an e-reader.”
B. “E-readers are replacing the books of old, and I welcome them with open arms (as you should).”
C. “An e-reader is a device that allows you to read e-books. An e-book is a book-length publication in digital form,
consisting of text, images, or both, and produced on, published through, and readable on computers or other
electronic devices.”
D. “E-readers are superior to printed books because they save space, are environmentally friendly, and provide
helpful reading tips and tools that printed books do not.”
【答案】63. A 64. C 65. A 66. D
【解析】
【分析】
本文为说明文。本文介绍了现在印刷的书籍过时了，如果你想提高你的阅读体验，就去买一个电子阅读器。
电子阅读器优于印刷书籍，因为电子阅读器本身很小，易拿，容量大。它们节省空间，环保，提供了印刷
19
书籍所没有的阅读技巧和工具，如调整字体，字形和间距、随意跳到指定的位置等。
【63 题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中的“has-beens, old-timers, antiques, fossils”以及后面的“E-readers are replacing the
books of old”可知，这些词都是说 “已过时”了，分析选项 A. outdated 过时了；B. typical 典型有；C. meaningful
有意义的；D. useless 没有的。可知，A 符合题意，故选 A。
【64 题详解】
推理判断题。第三段中“E-readers put printed books to shame. E-readers are superior to printed books because
they save space,”和第四段“The average e-reader can store thousands of digital books, providing a genuine library
at your fingertips. What is more, the e-reader itself is very small. It is easy to hold and can fit in a pocketbook or
briefcase easily”尤其是“This makes handling wooden giant such as War and Peace and Anna Karenina a
breeze.”，可知，电子阅读器节省了空间，环保，容量大。而且电子阅读器体积小，易拿和存贮。这使得
处理像《战争与和平》和《安娜·卡列尼娜》这样的庞大的笨重的巨人变得轻而易举。由此可推断出印刷版
的《战争与和平》和《安娜·卡列尼娜》是笨重的。分析选项可知 C 符合题意。
【65 题详解】
细节理解题。第六段“The typical e-reader allows its user to adjust letter size, letterform and line spacing.”可知，
典型的电子阅读器允许用户调整字母大小、字体和行距。第七段“Furthermore, it grants users the ability to get
an overview of a book and then jump to a specific location based on that overview…the most helpful of all is the
ability to get dictionary definitions at the touch of a finger.”可知，电子阅读器允许用户跳转到特定位置。但也
许最有用的是能够用手指触摸电子字典就可找到答案。选项① line spacing customization 行间距自定义；②
the ability to quickly jump to the end of a book 快速跳到书尾的能力；③ access to a printed dictionary at the
touch of a finger 用手指接触印刷体的字典。分析可知，①和②是正确的，故选 A。
【66 题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“E-readers put printed books to shame. E-readers are superior to printed books because
they save space, are environmentally friendly and provide helpful reading tips and tools that printed books do not”
可知“电子阅读器使印刷书籍相形见绌。电子阅读器优于印刷书籍，因为它们节省空间，环保，提供了印
刷书籍所没有的有用的阅读技巧和工具。”分析选项可知 D 项符合题意，故选 D。
20
【点睛】文章主题和中心思想的阐述往往需要大量细节信息的支持，这些细节对于理解全文内容至关重要，
同时也是归纳和概括文章中心思想的基础。细节理解是指原文提到了某事，某种现象或理论，题干一般针
对原文具体叙述的事情本身提问。一般包括直接理解题、语意转化题（需要将题目信息与原文相关信息进
行语意上的转换，两者存在着表达上的差异，有时需要进行加工整理后方能得出结论）、数字计算题、排
列顺序题、图表图画题等。抓住文章中的事实和细节是做好该类题的关键，也是做好其他类题的基础。细
节理解题有时考查的并不是单一的信息，而是多处信息的整合。解答此类“综合”信息细节题时，一定要全
面捕捉相关信息，进行综合分析、归纳，切忌根据“一面之词”草率地作出结论。如第 3 小题属于细节理解
题。第六段“The typical e-reader allows its user to adjust letter size, letterform and line spacing.”可知，典型的电
子阅读器允许用户调整字母大小、字体和行距。第七段“Furthermore, it grants users the ability to get an
overview of a book and then jump to a specific location based on that overview…the most helpful of all is the
ability to get dictionary definitions at the touch of a finger.”可知，电子阅读器允许用户跳转到特定位置。但也
许最有用的是能够用手指触摸电子字典就可找到答案。选项① line spacing customization 行间距自定义；②
the ability to quickly jump to the end of a book 快速跳到书尾的能力；③ access to a printed dictionary at the
touch of a finger 用手指接触印刷体的字典。分析可知，①和②是正确的，故选 A。
2018 届上海市黄浦区高考二模英语试题
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions
or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D.
Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just
read.
(A)
The cold northern wind here in the streets of Petersburg strengthens my nerves and fills me with delight. I
cannot think of the Pole as cold and empty; in my imagination it is a region of beauty and delight. Who knows
what strange landscapes and creatures we may find there? I shall satisfy my curiosity with the sight of an
unknown part of the world, and walk where no man has before. Thinking of it, I feel the same joy a child feels
when he sails his little boat on a voyage of discovery up his native river.
This voyage was the favorite dream of my early years. My education was neglected, yet I was passionately
21
fond of reading. Uncle Thomas’s library contained only books about exploration, which I read day and night.
Finally, my thoughts comes to the idea of making a voyage of discovery.
Six years have passed since I decided on the present voyage. I can, even now, remember the hour when I
committed myself to this great enterprise. I began by making my body used to hardship. I went on whale hunting
voyages to the North Sea; I voluntarily endured cold, hunger, thirst, and lack of sleep. I often worked harder than
the common sailors during the day. Then, at nights, I studied mathematics, the theory of medicine, and sciences of
practical importance for a sea-going adventurer. Twice I took jobs as an officer on a Greenland whaling ship. I felt
a little proud when my captain asked me to remain with the ship, so valuable did he consider my services. And
now, do I not deserve to achieve some great task? My life might have been passed in ease and comfort, but I
preferred glory to every pleasure that wealth placed in my path.
56. What does the author think of the Pole?
A. It reminds him of his childhood.
B. It must be a region full of surprises.
C. It would fulfil his dream to be an adventurer.
D. It’s too cold a destination with almost nothing.
57. To realize his childhood dream, the author got _____.
A. physically prepared by experiencing great suffering
B. spiritually prepared by gaining captain’s recognition
C. academically prepared by reading books on exploration
D. financially prepared by serving on a whale hunting ship
58. According to the passage, the author is definitely a person full of _____.
A. curiosity B. fancy C. perseverance D. pride
【答案】56. B 57. A 58. C
22
【解析】
本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者如何实现了自己儿时出海探险的梦想。
【56 题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中的“in my imagination it is a region of beauty and delight. Who knows what strange
landscapes and creatures we may find there? I shall satisfy my curiosity with the sight of an unknown part of the
world,”可知，在作者的想象中，北极是一个美丽和快乐的地方，谁知道我们在那里会发现什么奇怪的风景
和生物？他将以看到世界上一个未知的地方来满足自己的好奇心，由此可知，作者认为北极一定是一个充
满惊喜的地方，故 B 项正确。
【57 题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中的“I committed myself to this great enterprise. I began by making my body used to
hardship. I went on whale hunting voyages to the North Sea; I voluntarily endured cold, hunger, thirst, and lack of
sleep.”可知，为了实现儿时的梦想，作者开始使自己的身体习惯于艰苦：去北海捕鲸、自愿忍受寒冷、饥
饿、口渴和睡眠不足，也就是说他通过受苦来让自己从身体上做好准备，故 A 项正确。
【58 题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中的“I committed myself to this great enterprise. I began by making my body used to
hardship. I went on whale hunting voyages to the North Sea; I voluntarily endured cold, hunger, thirst, and lack of
sleep. and lack of sleep. I often worked harder than the common sailors during the day. . Then, at nights, I studied
mathematics, the theory of medicine, and sciences of practical importance for a sea-going adventurer.”可知，为了
实现儿时出海探险的梦想，作者让自己的身体习惯于艰苦：去北海捕鲸、自愿忍受寒冷、饥饿、口渴和睡
眠不足，甚至白天比普通的水手工作更加努力，晚上还要学习数学、医学理论和对一个出海冒险者具有实
际意义的科学，这些都表明作者是一个为了梦想而坚持不懈的人，故 C 项正确。
(B)
23
Subject Art & Design, Craft & Creative, Beauty
Delivery method Online
Study level Professional development, Short, Accredited
Ref FACE-GUARD
Price £30, was £299, use code: GUARD90
Face Painting Academy Diploma
Start a career in Face Painting or simply learn for fun.
Do you have a love for entertaining people?
Are you artistic and want to impress people with a new skill?
Have you ever thought about doing a course in face painting so you can earn fantastic money?
If so then with this course you could become a qualified face painter just like hundreds of other people who
have taken our courses. For a one-off fee(一次性付款) you can study online and complete the diploma in about 28
hours.
The comprehensive syllabus (教学大纲) is supported by 16 instructional videos so you can learn all the
designs with ease, and you will learn a wide range of designs including dog, rabbit and spider man. With 14
modules to cover, you can become an accomplished face painter.
Your qualification will be recognized and can be checked for validity by all of your future clients too! Take a
step in the right direction and get your Face Painting Academy Diploma today.
£30, was £299, use code: GUARD90
Module 1 Your Introduction to Becoming a Face Painter
24
Module 2 The Equipment and Materials You Will Need for Face Painting
Module 3 Health & Safety and Risk Assessments
Module 4 Starting / Running Your Own Business
Module 5 Pricing and Costs
Module 6 Marketing Your Business & Social Media
Module 7 The Do’s and Don’ts and What to Do If Your Business Doesn’t Go Well
Module 8 How to do a Dog / Cat Face Paint Design
Module 9 How to do a Butterfly / Dolphin Face Paint Design
Module 10 How to do a Monkey / Frog Face Paint Design
Module 11 How to do a Rabbit / Swan Face Paint Design
Module 12 How to do a Tiger / Dinosaur Face Paint Design
Module 13 How to do a Spiderman / Batman Face Paint Design
Module 14 How to do a Minnie Mouse / Princess Face Paint Design
59. The course is intended mainly for those _____.
A. keen on showing off new skills B. eager to get an academy diploma
C. interested in learning face painting D. equipped with a unique taste for art
60. You can save $_____ if signing up for the course now.
A. 30 B. 269 C. 299 D. 329
61. Which of the following statements is TRUE about the course?
A. It is presented both online and offline.
B. It provides not only lessons on business.
25
C. The diploma can be obtained in one day.
D. Some clients will be invited to examine your qualification.
62. In which module are you likely to learn how to advertise your business?
A. Module 4. B. Module 6. C. Module 7. D. Module 10.
【答案】59. C 60. B 61. B 62. B
【解析】
本文是一篇应用文，介绍了面部彩绘线课程的相关信息。
【59 题详解】
推理判断题。根据“Start a career in Face Painting or simply learn for fun.”及“Are you artistic and want to
impress people with a new skill?”可知，该课程的对象可能是那些对面部彩绘感兴趣的人，故 C 项正确。
【60 题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Price £30, was £299, use code: GUARD90”可知，课程的费用原来为£299，现在为£30，
现在报名可以节省£269（299－30），故 B 项正确。
【61 题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章后面对 14 个模块的介绍可知，它不仅提供商业课程，而且还提供其他方面的课程，
故 B 项正确。
【62 题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Module 6 Marketing Your Business & Social Media”可知，模块 6 讲的是商业和社交媒体
营销，在此模块你会学到如何宣传你的业务，故 B 项正确。
(C)
All across America, students are anxiously finishing their “What I Want To Be …” college application essays,
advised to focus on STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) by experts and parents who
insist that’s the only way to become workforce ready. But two recent studies of workplace success contradict the
26
traditional wisdom about “hard skills”.
Google originally set its hiring systems to sort for computer science students with top grades from top
science universities. In 2013, Google decided to test its hiring theory by quickly dealing with large amounts hiring,
firing, and promotion data collected since the company’s establishment.
Project Oxygen shocked everyone by concluding that, among the eight most important qualities of Google’s
top employees, STEM capability comes in dead last. The seven top characteristics of success at Google are all soft
skills: being a good coach; communicating and listening well; possessing comprehension into others; being
supportive of one’s colleagues; being a good critical thinker and problem solver; and being able to make
connections across complex ideas.
Those characteristics sound more like what one gains as an English or theater major than as a programmer.
Could it be that top Google employees were succeeding despite their technical training, not because of it? After
bringing in more experts to dive even deeper into the data, the company enlarged its previous hiring practices to
include humanities majors, artists, and even the MBAs (Master of Business Adminstration).
Project Aristotle, a study released by Google this past spring, further supports the importance of soft skills
even in high-tech environments. Project Aristotle analyzes data on inventive and productive teams. Google takes
pride in its A-teams, assembled with top scientists, each with the most specialized knowledge and able to throw
down one creative idea after another. Its data analysis revealed, however, that the company’s most important and
productive new ideas come from B-teams comprised of employees who don’t always have to be the smartest
people in the room.
Project Aristotle shows that the best teams at Google exhibit a range of soft skills: equality, generosity,
curiosity toward the ideas of your teammates, understanding, and emotional intelligence. And topping the list:
emotional safety. To succeed, each and every team member must feel confident speaking up and making mistakes.
They must know they are being heard.
STEM skills are vital to the world we live in today, but technology alone, as Steve Jobs famously insisted, is
not enough. We desperately need those who are educated to the human, cultural, and social as well as the
computational.
63. The underlined word “contradict” most probably means “_____”.
27
A. add to B. back up C. bring about D. conflict with
64. Google conducted the studies of workplace success in order to _____.
A. determine what makes a workplace-ready student
B. check whether its hiring system serves the purpose
C. prove soft skills are more important than hard ones
D. impress its competitors with the employees’ excellence
65. What can be inferred from Project Aristotle?
A. Emotional safety enables people to express themselves freely.
B. Listening and hearing helps develop problem-solving abilities.
C. Learning from mistakes doesn’t necessarily mean improvement.
D. Those without specialized knowledge can also make inventions.
66. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?
A. STEM skills our society needs for better education
B. The principal focus students have on application essays
C. The surprising thing Google learned about its employees
D. The soft skills Google programmers lack for career growth
【答案】63. D 64. B 65. A 66. C
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文，介绍了谷歌公司通过对员工职场成功案例的两项研究发现在优秀员工的八项最重要素
质中，前七项都是软技能，而传统观念认为的最重要的 STEM 能力排在最后。
28
【63 题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第一段中的“All across America, students are anxiously finishing their “What I Want To Be …”
college application essays, advised to focus on STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) by
experts and parents who insist that’s the only way to become workforce ready.”可知，在美国各地，学生们都在
焦虑地完成他们的“我想成为……”大学申请论文”，专家和家长们建议学生们专注于 STEM(科学、技术、
工程和数学)，他们坚持认为这是为就业做好准备的唯一途径，再结合第三段中的“Project Oxygen shocked
everyone by concluding that, among the eight most important qualities of Google’s top employees, STEM
capability comes in dead last.”可知，氧气计划”震惊了所有人，它得出的结论是，在谷歌最优秀员工的八项
最重要素质中，STEM 能力排在最后，因此此处是说最近两项关于职场成功的研究与传统的关于硬技能的
观点相矛盾，由此可知画线词词义为“与……相矛盾”，故 D 项正确。
【64 题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中的“In 2013, Google decided to test its hiring theory by quickly dealing with large
amounts hiring, firing, and promotion data collected since the company’s establishment.”可知，谷歌决定通过快
速处理公司成立以来收集的大量招聘、解雇和晋升数据来检验其招聘理论，由此可知，谷歌进行职场成功
的研究的目的是检验其招聘系统是否达到目的，故 B 项正确。
【65 题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“And topping the list: emotional safety. To succeed, each and every team
member must feel confident speaking up and making mistakes. They must know they are being heard.”可知，在软
技能中排名第一的是情感安全，为了成功，每一个团队成员都必须自信地说出来并犯错误，他们一定知道
有人在听他们说话，由此可知，情感安全使人们能够自由地表达自己，故 A 项正确。
【66 题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了谷歌公司通过对员工职场成功案例的两项研究发现在优秀员
工的八项最重要素质中，前七项都是软技能，而传统观念认为得最重要的 STEM 能力排在最后，故 C 项（谷
歌从员工身上了解到的令人惊讶的事情）最适合作文章标题。
【点睛】词义猜测题的难度较大，对画线词上下文的理解是关键，例如本篇第 1 题，根据第一段中的“All
across America, students are anxiously finishing their “What I Want To Be …” college application essays, advised
29
to focus on STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) by experts and parents who insist that’s
the only way to become workforce ready.”可知，在美国各地，学生们都在焦虑地完成他们的“我想成为……”
大学申请论文”，专家和家长们建议学生们专注于 STEM(科学、技术、工程和数学)，他们坚持认为这是为
就业做好准备的唯一途径，再结合第三段中的“Project Oxygen shocked everyone by concluding that, among
the eight most important qualities of Google’s top employees, STEM capability comes in dead last.”可知，氧气计
划”震惊了所有人，它得出的结论是，在谷歌最优秀员工的八项最重要素质中，STEM 能力排在最后，因此
此处是说最近两项关于职场成功的研究与传统的关于硬技能的观点相矛盾，由此可知画线词词义为
“与……相矛盾”，故 D 项正确。
2017 届上海市黄浦区高考二模英语试题
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished
statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according
to the information given in the passage you have just read.
A
I used to think ants knew what they were doing. The ones marching across my kitchen counter looked so
confident; I just figured they had a plan, knew where they were going and what needed to be done. How else
could ants organize highways, build elaborate nests, launch impressive attacks, and do all the other things ants do?
Turns out I was wrong. Ants aren’t clever little engineers, architects, or soldiers after all --- at least not as
individuals. When it comes to deciding what to do next, most ants don’t have a clue. “If you watch an ant try to
accomplish something, you’ll be impressed by how awkward it is,” says Deborah M. Gordon, a biologist at
Stanford University.
30
“Ants aren’t smart,” Gordon says. “Ant colonies are.” A colony can solve problems unthinkable for
individual ants, such as finding the shortest path to the best food source, assigning workers to different tasks, or
defending a territory from neighbors. As individuals, ants might be tiny dummies, but as colonies they respond
quickly and effectively to their environment. They do it with something called collective intelligence.
Where this intelligence comes from raises an essential question in nature: How do the simple actions of
individual ants add up to the complex behavior of a group? How do hundreds of honey-bees make a critical
decision about their hive (蜂巢)if many of them disagree? The collective abilities of such animals --- one of which
grasps the big picture, but each of which contributes to the group’s success --- seem miraculous even to the
biologists who know them best. Yet during the past few decades, researchers have come up with fascinating
insights.
56. The author’s former false impression about ants is that he thought them to be _______.
A. smart B. awkward C. elaborate D. creative
57. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A. Ants will function as a single body once a decision is made by the commander.
B. Ants are the only species which developed collective intelligence.
C. The ant queen plays a role in managing ant workers besides laying eggs.
D. An individual ant can’t comprehend the whole process of a big movement.
58. The paragraph following the passage will most probably deal with _______.
A. where we can observe such fantastic behavior of ants
B. which is the leading ant in charge of the action
C. how the collective intelligence works
D. what inspiration can be drawn from the collective abilities
【答案】56. A 57. D 58. C
31
【解析】
本文属于科普类文章。我过去一直以为蚂蚁知道它们在做什么。其实蚂蚁个体并不聪明，聪明的是蚁群。
单个蚂蚁百思不得其解的问题能轻易地被蚁群解决。他们是通过使用一种称为“群体智慧”来完成的。
【56 题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知，“I used to think ants knew what they were doing….”以前认为蚂蚁非常聪
明，知道它们在做什么…….。而在第二段第一句“Turns out I was wrong. Ants aren’t clever little engineers,
architects, or soldiers after all --- at least not as individuals” 结果证明我错了。蚂蚁毕竟不是聪明的小工程师、
建筑师或士兵，至少不是作为个体的。分析这两段可知作者以前认为蚂蚁是聪明的。故选 A。
【57 题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段““Ants aren’t smart,” Gordon says. “Ant colonies are.”A colony can solve problems
unthinkable for individual ants,… As individuals, ants might be tiny dummies, They do it with something called
collective intelligence.” . “蚂蚁并不聪明”， 蚁群才是”。单个蚂蚁百思不得其解的问题能轻易地被蚁群解
决…他们是通过使用一种称为“群体智慧”来完成的。D 说蚂单个蚁是不能完成整个活动的进程，是正确的。
故选 D 项。
根据文章可知，
【58 题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Where this intelligence comes from raises an essential question in nature: How do
the simple actions of individual ants add up to the complex behavior of a group?” 这种智慧从何而来提出了自
然界一个基本的问题：简单的单个个体的行为是如何集合为群体复杂多变的群体行为？接着又用蜜蜂和鲱
鱼为例，提出到底是什么让他们单一的个体汇聚成集体的智慧，这集体的智慧又是如何起作用的。最后一
句“Yet during the past few decades, researchers have come up with fascinating insights.”然而，在过去的几十年
中，研究人员们已经得到对此现象引人入胜的深入的理解。由此可推断出下段要讲述集体的智慧如何起作
用的。故选 C 项。
B
32
The idea of using radio or wireless to broadcast to audiences was formed in 1916 by a president of the
American Marconi Company, David Sarnoff. His superiors were doubtful about his idea to “make radio a
household cause, so that by purchase of a ‘radio music box’, the audience could enjoy lectures, music
performance, etc.”
Four years later the American engineer Frank Conrad, an employee at W E Corp, attracted considerable
attention when a local newspaper reported on the growing audience listening on crystal radio sets to his evening
and weekend amateur broadcasts. A local music store had provided records to play on the Victoria, and Conrad
and his family served as disc jockeys(唱片音乐播音员). Westinghouse vice president Harry Davis asked Conrad
to build a more powerful transmitter(发射台)in time to announce the outcome of the next US presidential election.
Conrad completed his assignment, and on November 2, 1920, station KDKA in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania,
broadcast the announcement that Warren G. Harding had been elected president. About 1000 people heard this
first news broadcast.
Radio communicated news much faster than did newspapers, and because crystal sets were easy to build and
inexpensive, radio expanded rapidly in the following years. To stimulate the sale of radio sets, equipment
manufactures provided transmitting facilities. Singers, comedians, and entire orchestras volunteered their services
for publicity. The eventual financial basis of the new industry, however, was still unclear. One group in New York
City tried to seek contributions from listeners while others urged that private foundations support radio stations as
a public service. In August 1922 the first commercial radio advertisement was broadcast on WEAF (now WNBC)
in New York City. In 1926, when about 5 million homes had radios, the Radio Corporation of America (RCA), in
cooperation with the American Telephone & Telegraph Company, established the first commercial radio network.
In the 1920s radio was established as a new mass medium had a practicable industry, and it became a national
forum(论坛)for news and popular culture.
59. The passage is mainly concerned with _______.
A. the contribution of radio to popular culture
33
B. the invention and uses of radio
C. early radio programs for a mass audience
D. the history of radio broadcasting
60. Who started broadcasting radio programs to mass audience?
A. Frank Conrad B. David Sarnoff C. Harry Davis D. Warren Harding
61. After 1920, radio expanded rapidly because _______.
A. people could easily get it in stores B. it was cheaper than newspapers
C. it had advantages over newspapers D. people were interested in anything new
62. By saying that “the eventual financial basis of the new industry was still unclear”, the author means that
_______.
A. the private foundations were unwilling to support the stations
B. the stations were not sure yet where to get the operational money
C. advertising and commercial programs could not raise enough money
D. the listeners would not pay for the broadcasting stations
【答案】59. D 60. A 61. C 62. B
【解析】
本文是历史知识。主要讲述无线广播的建立与发展。使用无线电或无线广播听众的想法是由美国马可尼
公司总裁于 1916 提出的，大卫·沙诺夫，美国工程师 Frank Conrad（W·E 公司的雇员）于四年后运用无线
广播的。1926 年建立了第一个商业无线电网络。
【59 题详解】
D
主旨大意题。通读全文可知，全文的主体都在围绕着广播的建立与发展。 因此选择 D 项。
34
【60 题详解】
A2
细节理解题。 第二段“Four years later the American engineer Frank Conrad, an employee at W E Corp,
attracted considerable attention when a local newspaper reported on the growing audience listening on crystal
radio sets to his evening and weekend amateur broadcasts. ” 四年后，美国工程师 Frank Conrad（W·E 公司的
雇员）引起了相当多的关注，是在当地一家报纸报道越来越多的听众收听他晚间和周末业余广播的水晶收
音机时，本句可以得出答案 A。
【61 题详解】
C
推断判断题。 文中第二段最后以总统竞选结果的发布为切入点，以证明广播比报纸传播的更及时，尤其
是第三段的第一句“Radio communicated news much faster than did newspapers and because crystal sets were
easy to build and inexpensive, radio expanded rapidly in the following years.，” 无线电通讯的速度比报纸快得
多，而且由于晶体装置易于建造和廉价，无线电在随后几年迅速扩大。 分析选项可知，本题的答案为 C。
【62 题详解】
B.
细节理解题。第三段中间的“The eventual financial basis of the new industry, however, was still unclear. One
group in New York City tried to seek contributions from listeners while others urged that private foundations
support radio stations as a public service.” 然而，新的产业的最终经济基础的来源仍然不明。纽约的一个团
体试图从听众那里寻求捐款，而另一些人则敦促私人基金会支持广播电台作为公共服务。 由此可知分歧
的点在于如何运营广播，故选择答案 B。
C
35
It could be said that the age of adventure peaked with Sir Everest Shackleton the moment his ship, the
Endurance, become hopelessly locked in ice on its way to Antarctica in January 1915. For ten months the 28 men
aboard Shackleton’s ship waited and prayed for ice to break. When it finally did, the Endurance sank, leaving the
crew homeless and adrift on a sea of ice in one of the world’s most dangerous environments.
In January 2000 a luxury ocean liner found itself similarly trapped in the cold waters off Antarctica.
Argentine authorities sent off an icebreaker straight away from the nearest naval base, and in 24 hours, all 176
passengers and crew were free. The tour company’s spokesperson spun the potential disaster as a value-added
reward in extreme travel. “The people on board are looking at this as sort of a great adventure,” she said.
Ever since Jon Krakauer’s book Into Thin Air made Everest a household name, the subculture of adventure
has blown up like a Himalayan avalanche(雪崩) into public consciousness. Magazines promise “extreme” content,
television, offers adventure programs, and the growing collective fascination with adventure has produced a flow
of published accounts about the world’s greatest adventurous journey. Nowadays more and more people are
interested in adventure and this mass appeal makes good business sense. Today the only thing blocking a
would-be adventurer’s passage to Antarctica is the cost---- which typically runs well over $10,000.
Despite very different implications, adventure was just as popular in Shackleton’s time. He has little trouble
filling the Endurance----5,000 men are said to have responded to his recruitment(招募) notice: “Men wanted for
risky journey. Small wages. Bitter cold. Long months of complete darkness. Constant danger. Safe return
doubtful.”
After five months drifting on ice, the crew were forced to take to their lifeboats to Elephant Island. Reaching
the wasteland, Shackleton went on with one lifeboat and five of his best men 1,300 kilometers across the
bone-chilly Scotia Sea to South Georgia Island. Shivering with cold, dressed in rags, Shackleton marched into a
whaling station and set about organizing a rescue expedition to Elephant Island. Almost two years after becoming
36
shipwrecked on ice, Shackleton picked up his crew. “Not a life lost, and we have been through hell,” he remarked
earnestly.
63. We can learn from the first sentence of this passage that _______.
A. the age of adventure began with the ship Endurance trapped in ice
B. Shackleton’s adventure marked the highest point of pure exploration
C. the age of adventure ended with the ship Endurance trapped in ice
D. Shackleton’s adventure predicted that the golden age of exploration was approaching
64. The word “spun” in the second paragraph can be replaced by “_______”.
A. summed up B. judged C. boasted about D. referred to
65. Since Jon Krakauer’s book was published _______.
A. the media have got interested in the topic of adventure
B. the costs of extreme travel have gone up
C. Everest has got its name known to Europe
D. people have got fascinated by Himalayan avalanches
66. The adventure in Shackleton’s time has different implications from today’s in that _______.
A. Shackleton’s adventure lasted longer then any other adventure nowadays
B. no one was missing during Shackleton’s adventure
C. Shackleton’s adventure was entirely for the sake of adventure
D. Shackleton enrolled volunteers more easily
【答案】63. B 64. B 65. A 66. C
【解析】
37
【分析】
本文为说明文。介绍了沙克尔顿爵士的冒险活动，他热爱冒险，不畏困难，引发了一股"冒险热"。
【63 题详解】
推理判断题。由第一句 It could be said that the age of adventure peaked with Sir Everest Shackleton the moment
his ship，可以说沙克尔顿爵士的冒险时代在珠峰时达到顶峰，故 B 选项正确．
【64 题详解】
词义猜测题。由后面 “the potential disaster as a value-added reward in extreme travel”，把这个潜在的灾难看
做有附加值回报的极端的旅行，可知这句话是在评价（judged）这次经历，故选 B．
【65 题详解】
推理判断题。由第三段“Magazines promise "extreme" content，television，offers adventure programs，and the
growing collective fascination with adventure has produced a flow of published accounts about the world's
greatest adventurous journey”。杂志承诺有"极端"的内容，电视提供探险项目，越来越多的集体迷恋冒险，
产生了流动账户来发布世界上最伟大的冒险旅程，可知媒体对于冒险话题十分感兴趣，故选 A
【66 题详解】
细节理解题。由倒数第二段中的 his recruitment(招募) notice “Small wages．Bitter cold．Long months of
complete darkness ．Constant danger．Safe return doubtful” 句意：他的招募布告说这种冒险是“工资少；刺
骨的寒冷；漫长的黑夜；不断的危险；安全返回可疑”。分析他的冒险招募布告里说 的内容，可知他单纯
是为了在艰苦条件下进行冒险活动而冒险。
【点睛】本篇文章难点在推理判断题上．推理判断题要以表面文字为前提，以具体事实为依据进行推理，
做出判断．这种推理方式比较直接，考生只要弄清事实，即可结合上下文推断出合理的结论。
2016 届上海市黄浦区高考二模英语试题
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished
statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. choose the one that fits best according
38
to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)[来源:学§科§网]
Extremophiles（极端微生物）are organisms that have been discovered on earth that survive in environmen ts
that were once thought not to be able to sustain life. These extreme environments include intense heat, highly
acidic environments, extreme pressure and extreme cold. Different organisms have developed varying ways of
adapting to these environments, but most scientists agree that it is unlikely that life on Earth originated under such
extremes.
Adapting to Extreme Heat
In the 1960s, heat resistant bacteria were discovered in hot springs in Yellowstone National Park. This
bacteria, thermus aquaticus thrives at temperatures of 70°C but can survive temperatures of 50°C to 80°C. A few
years after these were discovered, other bacteria were found living under even more extreme conditions.
Hydrothermal vents (热水流火山口) were discovered deep in the ocean and under such high pressure that the
water boils at 340°C. It was a surprise to researchers to discover bacteria living and thriving in the vents at such
extreme temperatures and pressures. Not only were there bacteria, but centimeters away where the water was
cooler, was a complete ecosystem living off the bacteria. There were clams and tubeworms among other species.
Adapting to Extreme Cold
Other extremophiles have developed ways to cope with cold. Deep ocean water is as a fairly constant
temperature of 2°C, but be cause of its salt content, in colder areas, ocean water can reach temperatures as low at
-12°C without freezing. Extremophiles known as psychrophiles（低温微生物） are known to survive at these low
temperatures. Different species have come up with different ways to survive these cold temperatures. Some have
developed substances, such as glycerol（甘油） or antifreeze proteins which lower the freezing point of water by
several degrees.
The main danger to organisms of freezing is the damage caused by ice crystals as water freezes and expands.
Some species of frogs and turtles have proteins which actually facilitate the freezing of body liquids. If the
animal’s body liquids begin to freeze, a chain reaction is started and all of the body’s liquids freeze rapidly. This
prevents the formation of ice crystals large enough to do any damage. Many kinds of microorganisms can survive
freezing and thawing, as long as the problem of ice crystals is avoided.
39
66. An “ecosystem”(paragraph 2) can be best described as __________.
A. an interacting community that contains both living and non-living organisms
B. a large collective term for animals that eat bacteria
C. different types of plants and animals that cooperate for food
D. the place where temperatures and conditions are dangerous and extreme
67. The formation of large ice crystal is dangerous mostly because ___________.[来源:学.科.网]
A. the animal can no longer breathe, and nutrient can’t be carried around the body
B. proteins cause the animal’s body liquids to freeze
C. the freezing and expansion of water could damage the animal’s organs
D. the temperature inside the animal becomes too cold to survive in
68. Which of the following statements is FALSE according to the passage?
A. Extremophiles live in environments other organisms cannot survive in.
B. Extremophiles can survive in both acidic and high pressure environments.
C. The thermophile lives in extremely high temperatures.
D. Fresh water has a constant temperature of around 2° C.
69. The purpose of this article is to _____________.
A. amuse and entertain scientists B. provide a personal opinion about an issue
C. educate and inform readers D. predict the beginning of evolution
40
(B)
Gray Line
Discover Brisbane and surrounds with Gray Line Brisbane. Their wide
range of tours in air-conditioned coaches, combined with the guide’s
expert knowledge, ensures a day to remember.
Brisbane City Morning Tour( tour B481)
Departs: daily 9:00 am.
Returns:11:45 am.
Discover this vibrant city with its charming architecture, colonial history and enjoy the sweeping
views of the city and Brisbane River from Kangaroo Point Cliffs.
· Cathedral Square ·Parliament House · Windmill ·Anzac Square
·City Hall ·Chinatown ·Captain Cook and Story Bridge
Adult Concession Child
$69 $67 $45
Brisbane Highlights with Koala Sanctuary (tour B492)
Departs: daily 1:15 pm.
Returns: 5:00 pm.
Tour the highlights of Brisbane and travel to Lone Pine Koala
Sanctuary situated on the banks of the Brisbane River for a
chance to get up close and personal with the animals.
Adult Concessi o
n
Child
$76 $74 $54
41
· Queen Street Mall·Southbank· Anzac Square· Suncorp Stadium · Brewery
· Lone Pine Koala Sanctuary and presentation · Mt Cootha Lookout[来源:学|科|网]
Sunshine Coast and Noosa( tour B464)
Departs: Monday, Wednesday, Friday and Sunday 8:45 am
Returns: 5:30 pm.
The Sunshine Coast is renowned for its magnificent seaside, sophisticated lifestyle, dining
experience and shopping. Also includes a visit to Underwater World and a drive through Eumundi,
famous for its historic buildings and scenic beauty.
·Noosa Heads · Mooloolaba · Underwater World · Ettamogah Pub
Adult Concession Child
$111 $106 $72
Sunshine Coast and Montrille (tour B410)
Departs: Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday 8:45 am.
Returns: 5:30 pm.
This tour takes you through the rick heritage of the spectacular Sunshine Coast hinterland with
vi sits to Montville famous for its craft shops and restaurants, and Mooloolaba.
·home to Underwater world ·Ginger Factory ·Superbee ·Montville Village ·Mooloolaba
Prices includes fully air-conditioned touring, entry fees and CBD hotel pickup. Child policy:
under 4 years- free of charge, 4-14 years – as quoted above. Exclusion date 25/12/16(for
other dates please check with your consultant).
Adult Concession Child
$107 $102 $67
70. If you wish to complete two tours in one day, you would probably choose________.
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A. Sunshine Coast and Montville Tour and Brisbane Highlights with Koala Sanctuary Tour
B. Brisbane City Morning Tour and Brisbane Highlights with Koala Sanctuary Tour
C. Brisbane City Morning Tour and Sunshine Coast and Noosa Tour
D. Sunshine Coast and Noosa Tour and Sunshine Coast and Montville Tour
71. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?
A. Visitors may learn the colonial history of Brisbane River from Kangaroo Point Cliffs.
B. Visitors may have a close look at animals in Sunshine Coast and Noosa Tour.
C. If you want to visit Underwater World, you may choose Brisbane City Morning Tour.
D. If 2 adults and 2 children, aged 3 and 9, attend tour B410, they should pay $ 281.
72. What is the tone of this tour guide information booklet?
A. Welcoming and humorous. B. Warm and inviting.
C. Modest and initiative. D. Casual and compulsory.
(C)
When I returned to the common, the sun was setting. The crowd around the hole had increased, and stood out
black against the lemon yellow of the sky—a couple of hundred people, perhaps. There were really, I should think,
two or three hundred people elbowing one another, the one or two ladies there being by no means the least active.
“He’s fallen in the hole!” cried someone. “Keep back!” said several. The crowd moved a little, and I elbowed my
way through. Everyone seemed greatly excited. I heard a peculiar humming sound from the hole.
“I say!” said Ogilvy; “help keep these idiots back. We don’t know what’s in the puzzling thing, you know!”
The end of the cylinder(圆柱体) was being screwed out from within. I turned, and as I did so the screw（螺丝
钉） must have come out, for the lid of the cylinder fell upon the ground with a ringing shock. For a moment that
circular cavity seemed perfectly black. I had the sunset in my eyes.
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I think everyone expected to see a man emerge—possibly something a little unlike us earthly men, but in all
essentials a man. But, looking, I presently saw something exciting within the shadow: clumsy movements, one
above another, and then two disc-like eyes. Then something resembling a grey snake, about the thickness of a
walking stick, climbed up out of the twisting middle, and moved in the air towards me—and then another.
A sudden chill came over me. I stood frightened and staring. A big gray rounded bulk, the size, perhaps, of a
bear, was rising slowly and painfully out of the cylinder. As it bulged up and caught the light, it looked like wet
leather.
Anyone who has never seen a living Martian can scarcely imagine the strange horror of its appearance. The
peculiar V-shaped mouth with its pointed upper lip, the absence of brow ridges, the Gorgon groups of tentacles(触
手 ), the unstable breathing of the lungs in a strange atmosphere, the evident heaviness and painfulness of
movement due to the greater gravitational energy of the earth—above all, the extraordinary intensity of the huge
eyes, which was unforgettable—were at once vital, intense, inhuman, and monstrous. There was something
fungoid in the oily brown skin, something in the clumsy deliberation of the tedious movements unspeakably nasty.
Even at this first encounter, this first glimpse, I was overcome with disgust and dread.
73. Why was the crowd “elbowing one another” according to paragraph 1?
A. There were no officials to control them.
B. They were curious and wanted to get a good view of the hole.
C. They were angry and trying to push people into the hole.
D. They were trying to get away from the hole in fear.
74. The Martian shocked the narrator because__________.
A. it did not look like the other Martians that had arrived earlier
B. it arrived on Earth in a strange and nasty-looking cylinder
C. it was moving surprisingly slowly for a Martian
D. like most people, he had thought it would resemble a human
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75. A “sudden chill”（paragraph 5） came over the narrator because________.
A. the Martian was heading directly towards the crowd
B. a cold tentacle had almost reached the narrator
C. he saw the Martian’s terrifying features as it climbed out of the cylinder
D. the sun had set and he suddenly noticed the night-time chill
76. What did the narrator find most impressive about the creature?
A. The horrible shape of its mouth and face.
B. Its long and strange tentacles.
C. The way it moved in the Earth’s atmosphere.
D. Its unusual large and intense eyes.
77. The description of the Martians implies that they are _______.
A. cute and charming[来源:Z.Com]
B. friendly and cooperative
C. frightening and probably dangerous
D. ugly but unluckily misunderstood
【答案】66-69 ACDC 70-72 BDB 73-77 BDCDC
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