完形填空专题
上海市金山区 2020届高三英语二模考试试题
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C
and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
If you like to take a walk in the woods in the United States or you prefer to decorate a tree at
Christmas, you should know that climate change is making both of those activities a lot more
_____21_____.
Looking at two _____22_____ and economically important species - the Douglas fir and the
Ponderosa pine -scientists found that fires and drought ______23______ by climate change make
new growth difficult, especially in low-elevation forests, according to a study published Monday in
the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
Some forests in four regions in California, Colorado, the Northern Rockies and the southwestern
part of the United States have crossed ''a(n) _____24_____ climate tipping(转折)point for post-fire
tree generation, '' the study says.
Climate conditions over the past 20 years have ______25______ changes that would have taken
decades or even centuries to _____26_____ across broad regions of the country. This is leading to the
sudden ______27______ of trees and making these lands increasingly unsuitable for tree
regeneration.
''Climate changes is ______28______ our forests now, not just in some distant future. Maybe in
areas where there are really ______29______ seed sources, there could be some trees, but it is
becoming really hard to get these trees back due to climate change, '' said study co-author Kim Davis.
The problem probably won't get any better, as climate change is making intense wildfires much
more _______30_______. Western foresters say there used to be a fire season. But devastating and
______31______ fires have become a reality all year long. In 2018, fire cost California more than
$9.05 billion, according to the USA insurance commissioner, the deadliest and most destructive
wildfires season in the ________32________ history.
A higher number of fires and low seed availability means a high probability that these trees in
these regions won't come back, Davis said. This study _______33_______ on the driest and hottest
areas of the Western forests, but researchers will next try to focus on how much will be impacted.
______34______, there are some things people can do to ease some of this problem. Forest
management plans that reduce high-severity burns can help. Increasingly, forest managers are
considering allowing some fires to burn under more moderate conditions, Davis said, Forest
_______35_______.
21. A. convenient B. difficult C. encouraging D. frustrating
22. A. ecologically B. apparently C. physically D. financially
23. A. destroyed B. worsened C. extended D. established
24. A. necessary B. enormous C. critical D. invisible
25. A. accelerated B. delayed C. eliminated D.
strengthened
26. A. transform B. spread C. preserve D. escape
27. A. extinction B. decline C. tragedy D. increase
28. A. sustaining B. abandoning C. facilitating D.
endangering
29. A. sufficient B. limited C. moderate D.
approximate
30. A. occasional B. common C. essential D. temporary
31. A. astonishing B. hopeless C. costly D. irreversible
32. A. world B. state C. human D. forest
33. A. concentrated B. depended C. insisted D. commented
34. A. As a result B. For example C. In fact D. What’s
more
35. A. savers B. managers C. researchers D. advocates
【答案】21. B 22. A 23. B 24. C 25. A 26. B 27. B 28. D 29. A
30. B 31. C 32. B 33. A 34. C 35. B
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要陈述了气候变化使美国大部分地区的野火和干旱加剧，这使得森林
的生长变得越来越困难，甚至危及到一些物种，同时也给政府带来了经济压力。但是专家指出
人们也做一些事情来缓解这种情况。
【21题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如果你喜欢在美国的森林里散步，或者喜欢在圣诞节装饰一棵圣
诞树，那么你应该知道气候变化正在让这两项活动变得更加困难。A. convenient 便利的；B.
difficult困难的；C. encouraging令人鼓舞的；D. frustrating令人沮丧的。根据下文的 climate change
make new growth difficult可知此处用“困难的”符合语境，difficult是原词复现，故选 B项。
【22题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：科学家对在生态和经济上都很重要的两个物种的研究——花旗松和
黄松，发现因为气候变化而加剧的火灾和干旱让新的生长很困难。A. ecologically 生态上地；B.
apparently明显地；C. physically 身体地；D. financially经济上地。结合常识可知，这两种树具
有生态和经济价值，故选 A项。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. destroyed 破坏；B. worsened使……加剧；C. extended延
伸 ； D. established 建 立。 根据 by climate change make new growth difficult, especially in
low-elevation forests可知，此处是指气候变化使火灾和干旱更严重了，故选 B项。
【24题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：该研究说，对这四个地区——加州，科罗拉多州，落基山以北和
美国的西南部的一些森林来说他们已经错过了火灾后树木产生的关键气候临界点。A. necessary
必要的；B. enormous 巨大的；C. critical 关键的；D. invisible 可见的。结合 climate tipping(转
折)point for post-fire tree generation可知，此处是指一些森林已经错过了灾后恢复的关键时刻，
故选 C项。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在过去 20年，气候情况已经加速了变化，这些变化本要花几十年，
甚至几个世纪才会遍及这个国家的广大地区。A. accelerated加速；B. delayed推迟；C. eliminated
排除；D. strengthened加强。根据下文的 This is leading to the sudden ______7______ of trees and
making these lands increasingly unsuitable for tree regeneration.可知气候情况加速了变化，故选 A
项。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. transform改变；B. spread传播，遍及；C. preserve 保
护；D. escape逃避。根据上下文可知，此处是指气候变化导致森林生长速度缓慢的情况提前遍
及美国大部分地区，故选 B项。
【27题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这导致了树木的突然减少，使得这些土地越来越不适应树的再生。
A. extinction灭绝；B. decline减少；C. tragedy 悲剧；D. increase增加。根据上文的 climate
change make new growth difficult可知树木会减少，故选 B项。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：目前，气候变化正在危及我们的森林，而不仅仅是一些遥远的森林。
A. sustaining维持；B. abandoning遗弃；C. facilitating促进；D. endangering危及。根据下文的
but it is becoming really hard to get these trees back due to climate change 可知，气候变化正危及森
林，故选 D项。
【29题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：或许在一些真的有充足种子来源的地方，可能会有一些树，但由
于气候变化，要想让这些树像过去那样真的很困难。A. sufficient充足的；B. limited有限的；C.
moderate温和的；D. approximate 大约的。即使种子充足的地方，树木也不会像以前那样种类
繁多了，故选 A项。
【30题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这个问题可能不会变好，因为气候变化正在使猛烈的野火变得更
加常见。A. occasional临时的；B. common常见的；C. essential基本的；D. temporary暂时的。
根据下文 have become a reality all year long 可知，此处是指气候变化让猛烈的大火发生地更频
繁，即更常见，故选 B项。
【31题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但破坏性极大和代价极大的火灾终年都在 发生已经成为一个事
实。A. astonishing 令人震惊的；B. hopeless没有希望的；C. costly 代价高的；D. irreversible 无
法复原的。根据下文的 In 2018, fire cost California more than $9.05 billion可知此处用“代价高的”
符合语境，cost和 costly是同根词，故选 C项。
【32题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：据美国保险委员说，在 2018年，火灾花费了加州超过 90亿美元，
是该州历史上最致命的以及破坏性最大的野火季。A. world世界；B. state州，国家；C. human
人类；D. forest森林。根据 California可知这是美国的一个州，故选 B项。
【33题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：该研究聚焦在西部森林最干燥、最热的地区，但研究人员接下来将
会关注有多少会受到影响。A. concentrated 集中；B. depended 依靠；C. insisted 坚持；D.
commented评论。根据下文的 focus on how much will be impacted可知此处用“关注”符合语境，
concentrate on 和 focus on是同义词复现，故选 A项。
【34题详解】
考查副词短语辨析。句意：事实上，人们可以作一些事情来缓解这个问题。A. As a result因此；
B. For example例如；C. In fact事实上；D. What's more此外。根据上下文可知，此处是指实际
上人们可以做一些事情来缓解气候变化给森林带来的影响，故选 C项。
【35题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：Davis说，--他是森林管理员-越来越多的森林管理者正在考虑允许
一些火在更温和的条件下燃烧。A. savers B. managers 管理员；C. researchers 研究院；D.
advocates倡导者。根据上文的 forest managers 可知此处用“管理员”符合语境，manager是原词
复现，故选 B项。
上海市金山区 2019届高三英语二模考试试题
Section A
Directions:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C
and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
Now U.S. researchers have identified a new way to treat people infected with tuberculosis (肺结
核)before they get sick.
Tuberculosis is one of the world’s most ___41___ health threats.The World Health Organization
says tuberculosis kills nearly two million people each year. Another two billion are ___42___: they
are infected, but don’t have symptoms of the disease. Those at highest risk can take medicine, but
Vanderbilt University researcher Timothy Sterling says not everyone ___43___ with the treatment,
which is a daily dose of isoniazid(异烟肼，抗结核药)for nine months. So although the medication is
highly effective if people take all of their medication, many people do not take all their medication
and therefore the effectiveness of the treatment plan is___44___. As a(n) ___45___, Sterling and his
colleagues ___46___ isoniazid with another drug, rifapentine(利福喷汀).The combination was taken
weekly, not daily, for just three months. And the results of this study showed that the new treatment
plan ---- the three months of isoniazid and rifapentine---- was as effective as the nine–month
isoniazid treatment plan.___47___, the short-course, three-month treatment plan had higher treatment
completion rates and was also well ___48___.
There was some other difference. The two-drug, combination treatment was administered as
directly ___49___ therapy. That means the patients took their medicine in the presence of a health
care worker, to ensure that they followed the treatment plan. This was a large study, involving 7,500
participants in North America, Spain, and Brazil. Sterling ___50___ that most of the people in this
study were HIV-negative. The results might be ___51___for HIV-positive people. A recent study in
South Africa indicated that the combination therapy works well in people infected with HIV as well
as tuberculosis, but the study was too small to be___52___.
Timothy Sterling’s research, published in The New England Journal of Medicine, has been
___53___ by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the CDC. The government health
agency recommends the 12-dose weekly combination treatment as an equal alternative to the
270–dose daily treatment plan that has been the___54___therapy. But because of possible ___55___
issues, the CDC still recommends the daily treatment plan for HIV–positive patients who are taking
antiretroviral drugs or women who are pregnant. Also because of a lack of data, the CDC says
children under age 12 should stay with the nine-month daily treatment.
41. A. public B. persistent C. predictable D. mild
42. A. out of control B. beyond expectation C. without hope D. under
threat
43. A. put up B. follow through C. get along D. come up
44. A. decreased B. maximized C. measured D. enhanced
45. A. supplement B. substitute C. promotion D. alternative
46. A. mixed B. replaced C. associated D. connected
47. A. As a result B. In addition C. In fact D. For
instance
48. A. imposed B. tolerated C. cultivated D. infected
49. A. isolated B. implemented C. observed D. required
50. A. argues B. suggests C. commands D. warns
51. A. inevitable B. negative C. distinct D. indirect
52. A. definite B. desired C. logical D. detailed
53. A. conducted B. proved C. demonstrated D. approved
54. A. similar B. unique C. standard D. peculiar
55. A. personal B. crucial C. age D. safety
【答案】41. B 42. D 43. B 44. A 45. D 46. A 47. C 48. B 49. C
50. D 51. C 52. A 53. D 54. C 55. D
【解析】
本文属于新闻，介绍结核病是世界上最严重的疾病之一，但是研究人员发现了新的混合疗法用
于肺结核疾病的治疗，效果更佳，但是仍不完善，对于 HIV呈阳性的病人治疗时，政府机构持
谨慎态度。
【41题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：肺结核是世界上最持久的健康威胁之一。A. public 公共的；B.
persistent固定的，持久的；C. predictable可预测的；D. mild 温和的。根据后文 The World Health
Organization says tuberculosis kills nearly two million people each year可知，每年有大约 200万人
死于肺结核，故可知该病最持久，故选 B。
【42题详解】
考查介词词义辨析。句意：还有二十亿人遭受肺结核病的威胁，没有任何症状。A. out of control
摆脱控制；B. beyond expectation 超出期望；C. without hope没有希望；D. under threat遭受威胁。
根据后文没有任何症状可知，遭受威胁，故选 D。
【43题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：有更高风险患肺结核的人可以服药，但是 Vanderbilt University 研
究人员 Timothy Sterling 说不是每个人完成这个治疗，需要连续服药异烟肼九个月。A. put up
忍受；B. follow through 坚持到底；C. get along处理；D. come up 提出。根据后文可知，需要
服药九个月，故可知很难坚持到底，故选 B。
【44题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：因此治疗的有效性会降低。A. decreased减少，降低；B. maximized
最大化；C. measured测量；D. enhanced提升。根据前文many people do not take all their medication
可知，很多人无法服用他们的药，可知效果降低，故选 A。
【45题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：作为一种替代性药品，Sterling 和他的同事把异烟肼与利福喷汀混
合。A. supplement补充；B. substitute 代替者；C. promotion促进；D. alternative 替代性用品。
根据文章可知，做成一种新药替代之前的药品，故选 D。
【46题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：作为一种替代性药品，Sterling 和他的同事把异烟肼与利福喷汀混
合。A. mixed混合；B. replaced代替；C. associated联系；D. connected连接。根据文章可知，
把两种药相结合，故选 A。
【47题详解】
考查介词词义辨析。句意：事实上，短期疗程，三个月的治疗在治疗过程中完成率更高，更容
易被患者接受。A. As a result因此；B. In addition另外；C. In fact事实上；D. For instance例如。
根据前后句可知，本句讲述短期疗程的好处，故选 C。
【48题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：事实上，短期疗程，三个月的治疗在治疗过程中完成率更高，更容
易被患者接受。A. imposed强加，利用；B. tolerated 容忍；C. cultivated培养；D. infected感染。
根据前文 higher treatment completion rates更高的治疗完成率可知，更容易被患者接受，故选 B。
【49题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这两种药物结合疗治是通过直接观察的疗法进行的。A. isolated
孤立的；B. implemented落实的；C. observed观察的；D. required要求的。根据后文 That means
the patients took their medicine in the presence of a health care worker 可知，病人当着医护人员的
面服药，故选 C。
【50题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：Sterling 警告说这份研究中的大多数人都是 HIV呈阴性。A. argues
争论；B. suggests 建议；C. commands 要求；D. warns警告。根据后文可知，研究人员研究的
对象没有感染 HIV，因而对感染 HIV的患者意义不一样，故选 D。
【51题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这个结果可能对 HIV呈阳性的患者不同。A. inevitable无法避免
的；B. negative 消极的，阴性的；C. distinct明显的，不同的；D. indirect间接的。根据后文 A recent
study in South Africa indicated that the combination therapy works well in people infected with HIV
as well as tuberculosis可知，研究发现，混合疗法对患有 HIV和肺结核病人的效果很好，故选 C。
【52题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但是这个研究样本太小而不能确定。A. definite明确的；B. desired
渴望的；C. logical 逻辑的；D. detailed 详细的。根据文章可知，样本太小，不够明显，故
选 A。
【53题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：Timothy Sterling 的研究发表在新英格兰医学杂志上，受到美国疾
病控制和预防中心的支持和认可。A. conducted实施；B. proved证明；C. demonstrated证明；D.
approved 同意，认可。根据后文 The government health agency recommends the 12-dose weekly
combination treatment as an equal alternative to the 270–dose daily treatment plan可知 CDC采用了
混合疗法，故选 D。
【54题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：政府医疗机构推荐每周 12剂量的混合疗法作为对每天 270剂量
的标准疗法的替代性疗法。A. similar 相似的；B. unique 唯一的；C. standard 标准的；D.
peculiar特殊的。根据文章可知，新疗法是标准疗法的替代性疗法，故选 C。
【55题详解】
考查形容词和名词词义辨析。句意：因为可能出现安全问题，CDC对 HIV呈阳性且正在服用
抗转录病毒药以及孕妇依然推荐日常疗法。A. personal个人的；B. crucial关键的；C. age 年龄；
D. safety安全。分析句子可知，此做法是为了安全，故选 D。
上海市金山区 2018届高三英语二模考试试题
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C
and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
What the scientists are saying…
The first primate (灵长目动物) clones
For the first time, scientists have used the technique that produced Dolly the sheep to clone
monkeys. The Chinese researchers who produced the two macaques say that having access to
genetically identical primates will be a huge ___41___ to medical research. It will give scientists a
clearer understanding of genetic ___42___ by enabling them to compare animals who are identical
except for one tweaked gene; when ___43___ drugs, it will make it possible to rule out the possibility
that variations in outcomes are down to genetic ___44___. But other experts have raised a host of
___45___. The somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) technique involves ___46___ a cell nucleus to a
donated nucleus-free egg that is then prompted to develop into an embryo（胚胎） . Although 23
species have been cloned in this way, primates have only been cloned before using a less complex
embryo-splitting technique. Similar to the process that creates twins, it can only lead to a very
___47___ number of genetically identical individuals. SCNT can in ___48___ lead to a far larger
number of clones, but in the Chinese experiment, the fail rate was very high. The team implanted
scores of embryos, but only two monkeys survived beyond a few days. ___49___ to that is the
concern that by cloning a primate species, the team has broken down a significant ___50___ on the
way to cloning humans.
Herbal remedy danger
Herbal remedies such as St. John’s wort and ginseng may be ___51___ when used alongside
conventional drugs, reports The Guardian. In a review of medical literature, researchers at
Stellenbosch University in South Africa found several ___52___ of alternative treatments appearing
to ___53___ with prescription drugs, resulting in potentially dangerous side effects. In one case, the
autopsy (解 剖 ) of a 55-year-old who died while swimming concluded that the ginkgo biloba
supplements he had been taking may have ___54___ his anti-seizure (防止发作 ) medicine. Other
cases documented patients on statins appearing to suffer complications linked to flaxseed, St. John’s
wort and green tea. “If you are taking herbal remedies, you should ___55___it to your clinician,” said
one of the report’s authors, Dr Charles Awortwe.
41. A. threat B. damage C. benefit D. potential
42. A. variations B. diseases C. structures D. factors
43. A. manufacturing B. applying C. testing D. prescribing
44. A. mess B. differences C. losses D. recombination
45. A. concerns B. focuses C. funds D. suspicion
46. A. translating B. transferring C. connecting D. reversing
47. A. magnificent B. astonishing C. limited D. accurate
48. A. theory B. reality C. advance D. addition
49. A. Attached B. Related C. Compared D. Added
50. A. access B. key C. barrier D. contribution
51. A. harmful B. useful C. helpful D. purposeful
52. A. methods B. figures C. problems D. instances
53. A. deal B. interact C. mix D. identify
54. A. put forward B. moved up C. held down D. carried on
55. A. claim B. avoid C. classify D. mention
上海市金山区 2017届高三英语二模考试试题
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C
and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
Ask Siri if she’s a woman. Go ahead; try it. She’ll tell you she’s ______41_____. “Like cacti.
And certain species of fish,” she might say. So is Amazon’s Alexa, Microsoft’s Cortana, Samsung’s
S Voice, and Google Now. But, man, do they ever sound a lot like women. ____42_______, we think
of them as ladies too. (In Old Norse, Siri translates to “a beautiful woman who leads you to victory.”)
We assign female pronouns to them, and, in turn, they fold feminine turns of phrase into their robotic
and occasionally inane answers to our requests.
If we prize gender diversity in other areas of daily life, why does our tech sound
so_____43______? The biggest reason for the female phone fixation rests in social science.
“Research indicates there’s likely to be greater acceptance of female____44_______,” says Karl
MacDorman, an associate professor at Indiana University who specializes in human-computer
interaction. MacDorman and his team played clips of male and female voices to people of both
genders, then asked them to identify which they _____45______. The researchers also measured the
way participants responded to the voices. In a 2011 paper, they reported that both women and men
said female voices came across as warmer. _____46______, women even showed a subconscious
preference for responding to females; men remained subconsciously neutral.
Why the_______47____? Stanford University communications professor Clifford Nass, who
coauthored the field’s seminal book, Wired for Speech, wrote that people tend to perceive female
voices as helping them solve their problems by themselves, while they view male voices as authority
figures who tell them the answers to their problems. We want _____48______ to help us, but we also
want to be the boss of it, so we are more likely to opt for a female interface.
This tendency suggests that companies will make a better impression on a
______49_____ group of customers with a woman’s voice. But not just any voice. It has to
______50_____ a brand’s personality. For help with that, companies often turn to Greg Pal, vice
president of marketing, strategy, and business development at Nuance Communications, which
licenses its _____51______ of more than 100 voices. Pal insists that some brands choose male
speakers. He turned on his iPhone and pulled up the Domino’s Pizza app, which has an assistant,
Dom. He sounded like my high school English teacher—educated and helpful but not______52_____.
That’s about right for a brand attempting to ____53_______ guys ordering pies before the big game.
As voice technology improves, though, designers say diversity will too. Many devices already
let you _______54____ a voice interface. Homer Simpson can tell you where to take a left on your
GPS device. And Siri can become a sir, if you take the time to ___55________. Want to know how to
do it? Ask her. She’ll tell you in her uniquely warm, helpful—and female—tone.
41. A. robotic B. high-tech C. genderless D. creative
42. A. Culturally B. Obviously C. Grammatically D. Undoubtedly
43. A. female B. ridiculous C. professional D. reasonable
44. A. charm B. researchers C. speech D. participants
45. A. accepted B. misunderstood C. studied D. preferred
46. A. In practice B. On the contrary C. By this means D. At first
47. A. neutrality B. prejudice C. authority D. conscience
48. A. interaction B. technology C. personality D. society
49. A. more sociable B. more talented C. broader D. wealthier[来源:学#科#网
50. A. improve B. develop C. admire D. suit
51. A. market B. business C. research D. library
52. A. strange B. bossy C. reliable D. unique
53. A. appeal to B. look into C. meet with D. run after
54. A. build B. tailor C. play D. improve
55. A. repeat B. assist C. reprogram D. communicate
41-45 CAACD 46-50 ABBCD 51-55 DBABC
上海市金山区 2016届高三英语二模考试试题
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C
and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
Feeling good about our actions — not guilt or pity— motivates giving, according to the latest
research.
51 seeing or hearing about suffering children makes most people uncomfortable, that grief
is not what drives them to dig into their pockets and donate. The reasons people decide to be selfless,
it turns out, may be slightly more 52 .
In the study, published in the Journal of Neuroscience, researchers found that people are more
likely to give when they think it will make them feel better. They donate, 53 , when they feel
hope about putting smiles on those expectant and suffering faces. And that hope, or similar feel-good
sensations, are driven by the brain’s reward systems.
Researchers — and charities — have long known that putting a(n) 54 face on an abstract
problem opens hearts and wallets. Josef Stalin once said that while one death is a(n) 55 , a
million is merely a number. Studies have since found that quantifying the size of a disaster or
particular need actually 56 giving, while presenting a single story is more likely to cause a
desire to help.
But it wasn’t clear whether this “identifiable victim” effect resulted from people’s 57
over their own privilege and resources — or from a sense of connection with the 58 and an
urge to feel good about making a difference.
To find out, researchers led by Alexander Genevsky, a graduate student in psychology at
Stanford, imaged the brains of 22 young adults. In the scanner, they saw either a silhouette (剪影) or
a head shot of a young African child. As in previous studies, participants were far more likely to give
if they saw a face than a blank silhouette— donating almost twice as much in photo trials than in the
others. However, this decision was related strongly to their 59 . If they showed little activity in
their nucleus accumbens— a brain region linked to every type of pleasurable experience— they were
actually less likely to give. But if there is a sharp 60 of activity in this reward area, they felt
good and gave more. And the photos of the children were more likely to 61 this reward center.
Activity in the accumbens, in fact, completely 62 the difference in giving seen between the
silhouette-based requests and the photo-based ones.
While the findings point to the feel-good 63 behind giving, other research will have to
address the question of why givers get that positive emotional boost. Do people feel rewarded when
they give because they think about the happiness of the recipient — or do they feel good because they
see themselves as 64 and that self-esteem boost (自信心增强 ) is mood-enhancing? Such
information could help charities 65 their messages to maximize their effectiveness.
51. A. Since B. Although C. If D. As
52. A. passive B. earnest C. impersonal D. selfish
53. A. for example B. on the contrary C. as a result D. on the other hand
54. A. plain B. ugly C. specific D. frightened
55. A. accident B. threat C. solution D. tragedy
56. A. ruins B. stimulates C. lowers D. skips
57. A. anger B. guilt C. regret D. joy
58. A. desire B. mind C. victim D. stuff
59. A. actions B. beliefs C. images D. emotions
60. A. edge B. rise C. turn D. division
61. A. monitor B. target C. activate D. interrupt
62. A. resulted from B. counted on C. accounted for D. subjected to
63. A. motivations B. compliments C. ambitions D. requests
64. A. executive B. justified C. innocent D. generous
65. A. conceal B. tailor C. obtain D. delete
51. B 52. D 53.A 54.C 55.D 56.C 57.B 58.C 59.D 60.B
61. C 62. C 63.A 64.D 65.B
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