四位一体（词汇+短语+句式+话题）备战2021高考阅读专项突破：语言学习(A)教师版

“四位一体”高考阅读专项突破（词汇+短语+句式+话题精读） 话题三 语言学习(A) 一、话题 必背词 汇： 书包 bookbag 文具盒 stationery case 铅笔 pencil 钢笔 fountain pen 尺子 ruler 橡皮察 rubber 课本 textbook 圆珠笔 ball pen 小刀 knife 圆规 compass 参考书 referencebook 考试 take/have an exam 教科书 textbook 教室 classroom 教鞭 teacher's pointer 操场 playground 食堂 dining hall 宿舍 dormitry 校服 uniform 红领巾 Young Pioneer 五星红旗 Five star red flag 阿拉伯语 Arbic 俄语 Russian 葡萄牙语 Portuguese 英语 English 中文 Chinese 法语 French 德语 German 西班牙语 Spanish 意大利语 Italian 日语 Japanese 韩语 Korean 蒙古语 Mongolian 丹麦语言语 speech 语言的运用及其结果，是语言的具体体现。 s = 主词 sc = 主词补语 o = 受词 oc = 受词补语 vi = 不及物动词，intransitive verb 的缩写 vt = 及物动词，transitive verb 的缩写 aux.v = 助动词 ，auxiliary 的缩写 a = 形容词，adjective 的缩写 ad = 副词，adverb 的缩写 art = 冠词，article 的缩写 num = 数词，numeral 的缩写 int = 感叹词，interjection 的缩写 u = 不可数名词，uncountable noun 的缩写 c = 可数名词，countable noun 的缩写 pl = 复数，plural 的缩写 语气词 int. 缩写词 abbr. abbr abbreviation(略)略语 adj, adjjadjective(s)(形)形容词 adv, advvadverb(s)(副)副词 adv partadverbial particle(副接)副词接语 aux auxiliary(助)助动词 cn countable noun(可数)可数名词 conj conjunction(连)连接 def art definite article(定冠)定冠词 egfor example(例如)例如 esp especially(尤指)尤指 etc and the others(等)等等 ie which is to say(意即)意即 indef art indefinite article(不定冠词)不定冠词 inf infinitive(不定词)不定词 int interjection(感)感叹词 n noun(s) (名)名词 neg negative(ly)(否定)否定的(地) part adj participial adjective(分形)分词形容词 pers person(人称)人称 pers pron personal pronoun(人称代)人称代名词 pl plural(复)复数(的) pp past participle (过去分词)过去分词 pref prefix(字首)字首 prep preposition(al) (介词)介词，介系词，介词的 pron pronoun (代)代名词 pt past tense(过去)过去式 sb somebody(某人)某人 sing singular(单)单数(的) sth something(某事物)某物或某事 suff suffix(字尾)字尾 un uncountable noun(不可数)不可数名词 US America(n)(美)美国(的) vverb(s) (动)动词 [VP]Verb Pattern(动型)动词类型 v iverb intransitive(不及物动词)不及物动词 vt verb transitive (及物动词)及物动词 除这十大类词之外，英语还另有判断词 yes 和 no。 vi 不及物动词 vt 及物动词 二、话题 必背短 语： get 短语： get a better understanding of China 更好地了解中国 get a full mark / full marks 得满分 get a lot of satisfaction 得到满足 get at 意指，本意是 get around = get about 四处走动，活动 get away 移走，拿走，逃脱，逃离 get away from 逃脱，逃离 get back 回来，回家，取回，找回，退还 get close to 接近 get down 下来，降下 get down on one’s knees 跪下 get down to (doing) sth 开始（做）某事） get in 进入，收获，达到 get in a word 插话 get into… 进入…… get sb into… 使某人陷入 get it 接（电话），应（门），理解，懂得 get off 下车，脱下（衣服等） get on 上车，过活 get on / along with… 进展，与……相处 get on one’s feet （艰难地）站立起来 get out 离开，出去 get out of 逃避，避免 get over 克服，恢复，原谅 get up 起床，起身 get across 理解，度过 get through 接通（电话），完成（工作），通过（考试） get to 到达，抵达 get to sleep 入睡，设法睡着 get / gain / take possession of 占有，拥有，占领 get ready for 为……做准备 （比较：be ready for = be well prepared for = be in preparation for 为……做好了准备） get rid of 除掉，去掉 get sb to do 让某人做 get the idea for… 想到……的主意 get the message across 传播信息 get together 相聚，碰头，联欢 get / be used to sth 习惯于……，适应于…… （比较：be used as sth 被用作…… be used for sth 被用于……，用来做…… be used to do sth 被用于做…… used to do sth 过去常常做） get / be dressed 穿衣服 get / be engaged (to sb) （与某人）订婚 get / be lost 丢失了，迷路 get / be married (to sb) = marry (sb) （与某人）结婚 get / be stuck 陷进去，被困住，被难住，遇到困难 get / be tired of 对……感到厌倦，对……失去兴趣 （比较：get / be tired for 因……而感到疲倦） 例如： I’m getting on well with my classmates now. How are you getting along with your English? He got the book away from her. The bank robbers used a stolen car to get away. When did you get back from the countryside? Have you got back the book you lent him? “Get down on your knees,” said the Genie, “for I am going to kill you.” The dust has got into my eyes. This mistake may get him into difficulties. Before I could get in a word he had measured me, and was giving orders for evening suits. If you knock into someone, or get into his way, you should say, “Excuse me.” or “I’m sorry.” When you are in London, you might get in touch with a friend of mine. The conductor got off and checked the rails. She got on her bicycle and cycled off. You work too hard! You should get out a bit more. If you don’t want to go, I suppose I can get rid of the ticket. We all try to get together at least once a year at Christmas time. It took us only four minutes to get through the Customs(海关). I telephoned him, but I just couldn’t get through to him. She felt so cold that she got close to her mother. It’s time we got down to work. The theatre was already full, and we couldn’t get in. The peasants are busy getting in the crops. We didn’t get up until lunch time. He got up and walked over to the window. 三、话题 必背句 式： 14. It depends on whether... 这取决于……是否……. It depends on whether you are determined to do it or not. 这取决于你是否决心要做这件事情. 15. It doesn't make sense to...…没有任何意义. It doesn't make sense to argue with him. 和他争论没有任何意义. 四、 话题精 读专练 ：Ⅰ .阅读理解 A [2020·郑州第二次质量预测]Thomas Cheatham had planned to study Latin during his time at Hebron High School in Texas. But when he learned that the school district was going to offer a Mandarin(普通话) class, he quickly changed his mind. “I thought Mandarin would be more beneficial than Latin，” said Cheatham, who is now in his second year of studying the language. He speaks Mandarin to order food at Chinese restaurants and can read social media posts from his Chinesespeaking friends. While it's a difficult language to master, the high school junior, who plans to study computer engineering, thinks it will be important for his career. “Chinese is a good language to know, especially with China becoming a growing power，” he said. Many experts agree that proficiency( 熟 练 ) in a language spoken by a billion people worldwide will give American students an edge in the global economy. “People are looking at China as our next economic competitor, and interest in Mandarin is growing fast，” said Marty Abbott, director of the American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages. “We're seeing it in all parts of the country.” Abbott predicts that as many as 100,000 students are now studying Mandarin in public and private schools throughout the US. She said the US government has designated(指定) Mandarin as an “important need” language and provides professional development programs for teachers. “Our government wants to increase our language ability for economic competitiveness，” Abbott added. At the same time, the Chinese government is spreading knowledge of the Chinese language and culture through Confucius Institutes set up in many US states. For example, the Confucius Institute at the University of Texas at Dallas has been the home of a Confucius Institute for 10 years. It sponsors Confucius Classrooms at 21 local public and private schools, where tens of thousands of students are learning Mandarin. 1．Why did Thomas Cheatham decide to study Mandarin instead of Latin? A．Mandarin was easier to learn than Latin. B．Mandarin could be helpful to his future career. C．Mandarin might help him learn more about China. D．Mandarin could enable him to study computer engineering. 2．The underlined word “edge” in Paragraph 4 probably means “________”． A．a slight advantage B．the outside limit C．a sharp tone of voice D．an exciting quality 3．Which of the following statements might Marty Abbott agree with? A．Mandarin should be taught in classrooms throughout the US. B．Those skilled at Chinese will be the most competitive in the future. C．The US government's policy has helped popularize Mandarin in the US. D．Americans learn Mandarin because they worry about their economic security. 4．What does the author mainly talk about in this passage? A．The rising popularity of Mandarin among American students. B．The great benefits of learning Mandarin for American students. C．The influence of China's growing power on American education. D．The effect of Confucius Institutes in promoting Mandarin in the US. B [2020·湖北省四地七校 2 月联考]It is estimated that more than half the world's population is bilingual ( 双 语 的 ), and in an increasingly globalizing world, there are obvious benefits of speaking more than one language. However, for many years, parents were advised not to teach their children to speak more than one language from birth. Learning two or more languages simultaneously(同时) was believed to cause confusion and slow down academic development. While it is certainly true that children who are learning to speak more than one language as their mother tongue will often mix the languages up or speak a little later, these are temporary problems, and there is no reason to avoid teaching a child more than one language. In fact, there are plenty of reasons to encourage your child to become bilingual from birth. As well as the obvious benefits of being able to communicate with more people, and the possibility of earning more money, children who speak more than one language have been shown to score more highly in achievement tests at school. This is true for mathematics as well as tests of verbal(言语 的) skills. And in later life it has been found that bilinguals, on average, will tend to develop Alzheimer's disease five years later than monolingual speakers. Speaking three or more languages offers even more protection. It seems that the increased number of connections within the brain allows bilinguals to cope better with brain damage. But is it too late if you haven't already learned a second language in childhood? It used to be thought that the adult brain was very fixed, but recent research has shown that we continue to develop new connections in the brain throughout our lives, meaning that it's perfectly possible to learn another language to a high standard. Older learners are less likely to have nativelike pronunciation, but they are better at learning vocabulary as they are able to use far more skills and strategies than children. And learning a language is like using a muscle — the more you use it, the stronger it gets, meaning that you will find your third language easier than your second, and so on. 5．Why shouldn't parents be discouraged from teaching their children to be a bilingual? A．Children's confusion over two languages will not last long. B．Children will not mistake one language for the other. C．Parents should begin to teach a second language early. D．Parents' guidance will help children tell two languages apart. 6．Which of the following is NOT a possible benefit of being a bilingual? A．A bilingual is less likely to develop Alzheimer's disease. B．A bilingual child may do well in mathematics at school. C．A bilingual will probably make more money. D．A bilingual child owns relatively good language ability. 7．Compared with children, adult language learners ________________________________________________________________________. A．are slower at learning a second language B．are more skilled at building vocabulary C．are more likely to acquire a native accent D．are slower at making logic connections 8．What can be learned from the passage? A．A bilingual child will speak both the languages badly later in his life. B．Learning a second language certainly contributes to your body fitness. C．Connections within adults' brain will permanently stop developing. D．With each language learned, the learning process will become easier. Ⅱ.完形填空 Rarely do teachers know whether they make permanent impressions on students. I know because it __1__ to my mother, a retired teacher, when she turned on the __2__ one morning in 2003. The story began in the mid1960s. My mom was teaching __3__ at Burlingame Junior High. I knew little about her job at the time except for the __4__ redhead, Tamara, who was __5__ writing stories as a seventhgrader in my mom's class. I was visiting her in 2003 when my mom came out of her room with a __6__ look on her face. She'd been listening to the radio, and she had __7__ an interview with a bestselling French author, Tamara Pierce. My mother __8__：Could it be the same person? I __9__ the Internet and quickly found the website for the author. My heart began to beat rapidly when I __10__ it at the bottom! “I should __11__ my writing career to my English teacher. (Bless you, Mrs. Jacobsen！)” My mother's name was Mary Jacobsen. My mother's immediate response to this __12__ was quiet. She was always kind and extremely __13__. I mention this story not only because it's a wonderful __14__ of the influence teachers can have without being __15__ of it. It also makes me see my mom differently. 1．A.fell B．appealed C．happened D．applied 2．A.radio B．television C．computer D．heat 3．A.French B．spanish C．Italian D．English 4．A.amazed B．excited C．gifted D．bored 5．A.respectful of B．skilled at C．uninterested in D．surprised at 6．A.puzzled B．worried C．tired D．satisfied 7．A.conducted B．arranged C．received D．heard 8．A.shouted B．repeated C．wondered D．sighed 9．A.went into B．looked into C．checked D．searched 10．A.spotted B．recorded C．seized D．realized 11．A.return B．adapt C．owe D．show 12．A.doubt B．creation C．event D．discovery 13．A.modest B．outgoing C．sympathetic D．faithful 14．A.victory B．example C．topic D．stage 15．A.worthy B．certain C．aware D．proud 答案 话题三 语言学习(A) Ⅰ.阅读理解 A 体裁：说明文 题材：语言学习 主题：普通话在美国学生中的流行 【文章大意】 该文是一篇说明文，主要讲了普通话在美国学生中日益流行。 【难句分析】 While it's a difficult language to master, the high school junior, who plans to study computer engineering, thinks it will be important for his career. 分析：本句是一个主从复合句。While 引导让步状语从句；who 引导非限制性定语 从句，在从句中作主语，修饰先行词 the high school junior；句中“it will be important for his career”是省略了 that 的宾语从句，作及物动词 think 的宾语。 译文：尽管对于这个计划学习计算机工程的高中三年级学生来讲，这是一门很难掌握的 语言，但是他认为这对他的职业来讲将会是重要的。 1．答案与解析：B 考查细节理解。根据第三段第二句“While it's a difficult language to master, the high school junior, who plans to study computer engineering, thinks it will be important for his career”可知，Thomas Cheatham 认为学习普通话对他的未来职业有帮助，所 以才决定学习普通话。 2．答案与解析：A 考查词义猜测。根据语境尤其是第三段最后一句中的“Chinese is a good language to know, especially with China becoming a growing power”和第四段第一句中的 “a language spoken by a billion people”可知，随着中国的发展，学习普通话大有裨益，由此可 推知，学习普通话让美国学生在全球经济中有一定的优势，这与文章第五段的内容呼应。故 画线词意为“优势”，与 A 项含义相近。 3．答案与解析：C 考查推理判断。根据语境尤其是对第六段的整体理解可推知，在 Marty Abbott 看来，美国政府的政策有助于普通话在美国的推广。 4．答案与解析：A 考查主旨大意。根据对全文的整体理解可推知，本文主要讲述的 是普通话在美国学生之间日益流行的现象，这与最后一段的进一步论述呼应。故选 A。 B 体裁：议论文 题材：社会文化 主题：双语学习 【文章大意】 文章论述了学习双语的好处，如延缓阿尔茨海默病的发生，使学习过程变得越来越容易 等。 5．答案与解析：A 细节理解题。根据第一段中的 these are temporary problems 可知， 孩子因学两种语言而感到困惑的情况不会持续太久，因此家长不应该劝阻他们的孩子学习两 种语言，故选 A 项。 6．答案与解析：A 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“And in later life it has been found that bilinguals, on average, will tend to develop Alzheimer's disease five years later than monolingual speakers.”可知，双语者比只说一种语言的人可能要晚五年得阿尔茨海默病，但这并不能说 明双语者不太可能得阿尔茨海默病，故选 A 项。 7．答案与解析：B 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Older learners are less likely to have nativelike pronunciation, but they are better at learning vocabulary as they are able to use far more skills and strategies than children.”可知，年龄较大的学习者不太可能学会像母语使用者 一样的发音，但他们会在学习词汇方面做得更好，因为他们在这方面比儿童更擅长使用技能 和策略，故选 B 项。 8．答案与解析：D 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“And learning a language is like using a muscle—the more you use it, the stronger it gets, meaning that you will find your third language easier than your second, and so on.”可知，学习一门语言就像使用肌肉——你用得越多，它就 变得越强壮，这意味着你会发现学习第三语言会比学习第二语言更容易，即随着更多种语言 的学习，学习过程将变得越来越容易，故选 D 项。 Ⅱ.完形填空 体裁：记叙文 题材：个人经历 主题：教师的影响 【文章大意】 作者借母亲的经历说明：尽管教师很少知道他们是否会对学生产生深远的影响，但事实 是他们的确在无形中影响着学生。 1．答案与解析：C 根据上下文可知，这里指的是这种情况发生(happened)在了妈妈身 上。fall to“(职责、责任)落在……身上”；appeal to“上诉，吸引，呼吁”；apply to“申请，适 用，涉及”。 2．答案与解析：A 根据第三段中的“She'd been listening to the radio”可知，此处应用 radio。 3．答案与解析：D 根据下文内容尤其是 11 空后的信息“my English teacher”可知，妈 妈教的是英语。 4．答案与解析：C 根据该句中的“writing stories as a seventhgrader in my mom's class” 和下文可知，Tamara 后来成了畅销书作者，并将自己在写作上的成功归功于自己的老师， 可见，当初她应该是一位在写作上有天赋的(gifted)学生。amazed“惊奇的”；excited“激动的”； bored“厌倦的，烦闷的”。 5．答案与解析：B 本空填入的词应与 4 空一样用于描写 Tamara 的写作天赋，故用 skilled at“精于……的”。respectful of“尊重……”；uninterested in“对……不感兴趣”；surprised at“对……感到惊讶”。 6．答案与解析：A 根据第三段信息可知，妈妈通过广播听到(heard)了对一个名叫 Tamara Pierce 的法国畅销书作者的采访，而这位作者的名字恰好与妈妈以前教过的一个学生 同名，所以妈妈走出房间时脸上流露出困惑的(puzzled)表情，心想(wondered)：这会是同一 个人吗？worried“担心的”；tired“疲倦的”；satisfied“满意的”。 7．答案与解析：D 参见上题解析。conduct“组织，指挥，引导，举止”；arrange“安排， 布置，谱写”；receive“收到，体验，招待，接纳”。 8．答案与解析：C 参见第 6 题解析。shout“大声说，嚷”；repeat“重复”；sigh“叹气， 叹息”。 9．答案与解析：D 根据语境可知，作者上网搜索(searched)相关信息。go into“进入， 从事”；look into“调查”；check“检查，核实，控制，寄放”。 10．答案与解析：A 当在网页底端看见(spotted)这句话时，作者的心跳加快了。record“记 录，录音”；seize“抓住，攻占，没收”；realize“意识到，实现”。 11．答案与解析：C 此处指的是“我的写作生涯都归功于(owe)我的英语老师(感谢您， Mrs. Jacobsen！)”。return“回来，放回，恢复”；adapt“适应，改写”；show“表明，展示，指 出，引领”。 12．答案与解析：D 根据语境可知，妈妈对作者的这一发现(discovery)显得很平静。 doubt“疑惑，疑问”；creation“创造，作品”；event“大事，比赛项目，公开活动”。 13．答案与解析：A 此处填入的词应与前一句的 quiet 和本句的 kind 在情感基调上保 持一致，故用 modest。妈妈总是很友善，非常谦虚(modest)。 14．答案与解析：B 妈妈的经历就是一个很好的例子(example)。victory“胜利，成功”； topic“话题，标题”；stage“阶段，步骤，舞台，戏剧”。 15．答案与解析：C 根据第一段首句“Rarely do teachers know whether they make permanent impressions on students”可知答案。be aware of“知道，意识到”符合语境。be worthy of“值得”；be certain of“确信”；be proud of“为……自豪”。