“四位一体”高考阅读专项突破（词汇+短语+句式+话题精读）
话题二 学校生活(B)
一、 话题必 背词汇 ：
语文 Chinese
数学 maths
英语 English
物理 physics
化学 chemistry
历史 history
地理 geography
生物 biology
政治 politics
考试 take/have an exam
教科书 textbook
教室 classroom
教鞭 teacher's pointer
操场 playground
食堂 dining hall
宿舍 dormitry
校服 uniform
红领巾 Young Pioneer
五星红旗 Five star red flag
interdisciplinary adj.各学科间的，跨学科的.
junior n.三年级生。dj.年幼的，年少的;职味低的.
chum n.室友，密友 vi.结为密友.
refectory n.食堂，(修道院、学院等处的)餐厅.
loan n.贷款，借款 Vt.借，借给 vi.借出.
major n.主修科目 vi.主修，专攻.
matriculate n.被录取者 Vt.准许……入学 vi.录取.
mid-term adj.期中的.
yberspace n.网络空间.
entrance n.入学;入口.
staff n.(学校的)管理人员;全体职员 adj.职员的;行政工作的.
distract vt.使分心；使混乱.
esteem n.尊敬，尊重;意见，看法;名声 Vt.尊敬，敬重；认为，以为；考虑；估价.
expertise n.专门知识或技能;专家的意见，鉴定.
knack n.诀窍，技巧;需要技巧的工作.
penalty n.惩罚，刑罚;罚金，罚款;罚球.
relieve vt.解除:缓和，缓解.
stuffy adj.枯燥无味的;古板的，保守的;闷热的.
splurge n.乱花钱，糟蹋钱，挥霍 vt.挥霍 vi.乱花钱.
optional adj.选修的；可选择的，非强制的.
rebellious adj.叛逆的，不服管教的；造反的，叛乱的.
二、话题 必背短 语：
（7）do 短语：
do about 处理，应付 do and don’t 要与不要
do a good deed 做一件好事 do a lot of walking 走很多路
do a test 做实验，做化验 do a word puzzle 猜字谜
do an experiment / experiments 做实验 do away with 废除
do body-building 做健身操 do chores 处理琐事，干家务
do housework 做家务活 do make-up 化妆，打扮
do observations 观察 do one’s best 尽某人最大努力
do one’s homework 做作业 do research on… 从事……研究工作
do sb a favour 帮某人一个忙
do sb honor = do honor to sb 礼遇某人，对某人表示敬意
do sb the favour to do sth 帮某人一个忙做某事
do some reading 读书，阅读，看点书
do some shopping = go shopping 购物，买东西
do sports = have / play sports = take exercise 进行体育运动，做运动，进行锻炼
do sth in turn / by turns = take turns to do sth / in doing sth 轮流做某事
do telephone interviews 进行电话采访
do the laundry 洗衣服
do up 打扮，梳妆，收拾，把（衣服，鞋子等）扣/系好
do up one’s shoes / hair 系好鞋带/梳好头
do up the button 扣纽扣
do well / better in… 在……方面干得好/更好
do with 处理，处置，对付
do wrong 做坏事，做错事（比较：do right = do the right thing 做得对）
例如：
To tell the truth, I don’t know how to do with him.
I’ll have nothing to do with him from now on.
What did you do with that camera you found?
The poisonous waste may do great harm to the things around us.
Eat more fruit; it will do good to you.
I think I can do better in English this year than last year.
Liszt said, “You’ve done wrong, but I can see you are truly sorry about it.”
I’m going to do my best this year.
I was only trying to do a good deed.
三、话题 必背句 式：
10. It takes /took/will take+sb+some time+to do sth. 某人花多少时间做某事
11. It takes sb. + 抽象名词+ to do sth. 做。。。需要。。。
1). It took 100 workers one month to complete the bridge.
2). It takes great patience and carefulness to look after these children.
3). Courage is what it takes to make this tough decision. 做这个决定所需要的是勇气。
12．It is+形容词+for sb. to do sth. “某人做某事是……”
13．It’s kind /silly /good /wrong of sb. to do sth. “某人做某事是好心的/愚蠢的/好的/错的”
1).It is very easy for me to work out the chemistry problem.
2).It is important for us to master a foreign language.
3).It’s wrong of you to look down upon the poor.. 你看不起穷人是错误的。
4).It’s unwise of you to say so.你这么说真是太不明智了。
四、 话题精 读专练 ：
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
[2020·重庆第一次调研]A shirt, tie and blazer may not be my favorite, but if I were given the
choice, I wouldn't throw away the idea of school uniform. Wearing a uniform is a badge of pride,
creates an identity for a school and is an important part of being a school student.
My school is one of many that seem to be shifting to a more formal uniform — this
September I will be wearing a shirt and blazer instead of my old jumper and polo shirt. A number
of students have complained about the change, but some people believe that a school uniform can
improve learning by reducing distraction, sharpening focus on schoolwork and making the
classroom a more serious environment, allowing students to perform better academically. Perhaps
most importantly, a uniform means students don't have to worry about peer pressure when it
comes to their clothes. When everyone is dressed the same, worrying about what you look like
isn't so important. There is no competition about being dressed in the latest trend, which would put
a great deal of financial pressure on students and parents. Potential bullies have one less target for
their insults; it's hard to make fun of what someone is wearing when you're dressed exactly the
same.
In America, where a majority of schools do not have a uniform, roughly 160,000 children
miss school every day due to fear of attack or intimidation (恐吓，威胁) by other students. This
might not be directly linked to what they're wearing, but having a uniform can be a safety net for
many students who might otherwise suffer from bullying. A uniform gives the impression that
rules are strict, perhaps helping maintain a sense of order at school.
My uniform might not be what I would wear in my own time, but it gives me a sense of
belonging, takes away the pressure of what to wear and stops the bullies. School uniform isn't
fashionable, but that's exactly why I think it should be here to stay.
1．Why does the writer mention American children without uniforms in the passage?
A．To show pity for American kids.
B．To raise the government's attention.
C．To prove the benefits of school uniform.
D．To inform readers of American kids' uniforms.
2．What is the writer's attitude towards school uniforms?
A．Disapproving. B．Confused.
C．Suspicious. D．Favorable.
3．Which is the advantage of wearing school uniforms for school kids?
A．It sharpens concentration on outdoor tasks.
B．It removes the teachers' financial pressure.
C．It satisfies students' dressing tastes and favorites.
D．It helps students maintain a sense of order at school.
4．What is the best title for the passage?
A．My Cool School Uniform
B．The Point of School Uniform
C．The Idea of Dressing Properly
D．The Way of Guarding Kids' Safety
B
[2020·唐山一模]Since their earliest days, American colleges and universities have based
their study programs around what is known as the liberal arts.
Liberal arts education does not require students to study only one subject. Apart from a
major like history or politics, students also take classes in other subjects that may not directly
relate to their majors. This is meant to give students a wider understanding of the world as well as
improve the critical thinking skills.
However, in recent years, many Americans have avoided liberal arts degree programs.
That is mainly due to the belief that students who graduate with degrees in science, technology,
engineering and mathematics, known as STEM, are more likely to find well-paid jobs.
But a new survey conducted by the labor market research company Emsiand the Strada
Education Network research group suggests liberal arts graduates are just as desirable to
employers in the modern labor market.
According to the survey, 82% of liberal arts degree holders from four-year programs are
employed. Those who are employed full-time made about $ 20,000 more per year than people
with no higher education at all. And liberal arts degree holders with advanced degrees earned an
additional $ 20,000 on average.
Rob Sentz, who works with Emsi, says an engineering student may be immediately
hired after graduation. But very often, engineering programs fail to teach students how to work
well with others or communicate complex ideas in a simple way. Those are exactly the types of
skills taught in liberal arts education.
Nicole Smith, an economist: notes that with the rise of artificial intelligence, companies
producing these intelligent machines need help teaching them how to think more like and interact
with human beings. They need help selling products and solving problems, which are skills that
come from a liberal arts education.
Sentz and Smith agree the biggest challenge facing liberal arts graduates is showing
employers what their skills are and the value they represent.
5．Why does liberal arts education require students to learn more than their majors?
A．To teach students how to communicate with others.
B．To broaden students' horizons and promote their critical thinking.
C．To encourage students to learn as many subjects as possible.
D．To push students toward liberal arts degree programs.
6．What advantage do liberal arts graduates have over STEM graduates?
A．They have more access to well-paid jobs.
B．They have greater appeal for employers.
C．They are more skilled in communicating.
D．They are better at designing intelligent machines.
7．What does the underlined word “them” in Paragraph 7 refer to?
A．Machines. B．Graduates.
C．Companies. D．Skills.
8．What's the main idea of the text?
A．The modern labor market is full of great challenges.
B．Liberal arts education needs to reform its study programs.
C．STEM graduates are losing their advantages in the labor market.
D．Liberal arts graduates have a bright future in the labor market.
Ⅱ.七选五
[2020·贵阳市高三适应性考试一]College life is colorful. __1__. However college students
have a burden of studying. How do they manage to complete a huge number of assignments and
still find the time to have fun? Here are some effective time management tips that can be used
outside of college.
__2__. Let's say, your friend is sick and misses a very important class. You can help
him by telling something you've learned there and lending him your notes. Next time you have no
time to read a book you need to read and this very friend can retell it to you highlighting the key
points.
Use technologies. Many modern students can back up the fact that technologies make
studying easier and faster. You don't always have to waste time to go to a library when you can
find everything online. You can save time on calculating things and solving different problems.
__3__. Using technologies for work is also a must if you want to improve your productivity.
Give yourself a treat. __4__. For example, if you have a task for an hour, promise
yourself to have coffee and biscuits if you manage to do that in time. __5__.
All in all, college time is a very special period when you learn a lot of things including
time management techniques. If you take them seriously, you can use them in your future and
make your work and life more productive and organized.
A．Help each other
B．Help to take notes
C．There are many fun things to do
D．You can see many colorful things
E．There are now many apps for that
F．It is a nice motivation to be productive
G．You can give yourself some small treats for finishing small tasks
Ⅲ.语法填空
[2020·成都市高中毕业班摸底测试]Students at a primary school in Hangzhou had their first
class 1.________ March 1st on movable type. This is 2.________ ancient Chinese printing
system.
The West Lake Primary School in Zhejiang Province has introduced the course in the
new term. An expert in Chinese characters culture has been invited to the campus, 3.________
major responsibility is to teach students how 4.________ (use) the ancient printing technology.
Students attend lectures on the history of movable type along with 5.________ (interest) classes
on typesetting and printing. They then print their own document, 6.________ (apply) the
knowledge they've learned. One student printed her 7.________ (new) written essay “Whether the
traditional red envelopes kids receive belong to them or their parents？”
8.________ (know) as one of the four great inventions of ancient China，movable type
printing 9.________ (invent) by Bi Sheng in the 1040s during the Song Dynasty, and it is the
world's first system of movable type printing.
The school said the course is aimed at improving the students' awareness of Chinese
characters and their 10.________ (appreciate) of Chinese culture.
话题二 学校生活(B)
答案
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
体裁：议论文 题材：学校生活 主题：我为什么要穿校服？
【文章大意】
本文是一篇议论文。在学校“我”选择穿校服，因为校服是学校的标志，学生统一穿校服
能使教室成为严肃的场所，让学生更加专注于学习；此外，穿校服还能减少校园欺凌事件的
发生。
【难句分析】 A number of students have complained about the change, but some people
believe that a school uniform can improve learning by reducing distraction, sharpening focus on
schoolwork and making the classroom a more serious environment, allowing students to perform
better academically.
分析：该句由but连接的两个分句构成，第二个分句为主从复合句，句中“that a school
uniform can improve learning by reducing distraction ， sharpening focus on schoolwork and
making the classroom a more serious environment, allowing students to perform better
academically”为 that 引导的宾语从句，作及物动词 believe 的宾语；其中“allowing students to
perform better academically”为现在分词短语作伴随状语。
译文：许多学生抱怨这种变化，但一些人认为校服可以减少分心，提高对学业的关
注，使教室的环境更严肃，让学生在学业上表现更好，从而改善学习。
1．答案与解析：C 考查推理判断。根据第三段的内容可知，在美国，大多数学校没
有统一的校服，每天大约有 16 万名儿童因为害怕受到其他学生的攻击或恐吓而缺课。这可
能与他们的穿着没有直接的联系，但是对于许多可能遭受欺凌的学生来说，校服是一种保护
措施，而且也帮助维持了学校的秩序。据此可推知，作者在此提及美国儿童没有穿统一的校
服旨在说明校服的好处，故 C 项正确。
2．答案与解析：D 考查观点态度。根据尾段中的“it gives me a sense of belonging, takes
away the pressure of what to wear and stops the bullies. School uniform isn't fashionable, but
that's exactly why I think it should be here to stay”可知，“我”的校服给了“我”一种归属感，消
除了穿什么衣服的压力，阻止了那些欺负我的人；虽然校服并不时尚，但这正是“我”认为它
应该留在这里的原因。据此可推知，作者对校服持赞同的态度，故 D 项正确。
3．答案与解析：D 考查细节理解。根据第三段最后一句“A uniform gives the impression
that rules are strict, perhaps helping maintain a sense of order at school”可知，校服也会给人留下
规章制度严格的印象，有助于维持学校的秩序，故 D 项正确。
4．答案与解析：B 考查标题判断。通读全文可知，在学校里“我”选择穿校服，因为校
服是学校的标志，学生统一穿校服能使教室成为严肃的场所，让学生更加专注于学习；此外，
穿校服还能减少校园欺凌事件的发生。故 B 项最适合作本文的标题。
B
体裁：说明文 题材：文化教育 主题：文科教育的优势
【文章大意】
本文主要通过介绍文科生的专业特征和就业市场的现状来说明文科生的职业优势和就
业前景。对于那些只注重工科学习的学生来说，他们在沟通方面有明显的不足，而这一点恰
恰是文科学生的优势。
5．答案与解析：B 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“This is meant to give students a wider
understanding of the world as well as improve their critical thinking skills.”可知，要求文科生学
习更多专业以外的知识是为了让学生更广泛地了解世界，同时提高他们的批判性思维能力。
故选 B 项。
6．答案与解析：C 细节理解题。根据第六段中的“But very often, engineering programs
fail to teach students how to work well with others or communicate complex ideas in a simple way.
Those are exactly the types of skills taught in liberal arts education.”可知，文科生相对于理科生
更善于交际和表达。故选 C 项。
7．答案与解析：A 词义猜测题。本题解题的关键在于teaching的直接宾语是how to think
more like and interact with human beings，所以 them 不可能指人类，再结合前面 producing these
intelligent machines 修饰 companies 可知，them 是指智能机器。故选 A 项。
8．答案与解析：D 主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了文科教育的优势和就业前景。大学
的文科教育宗旨赋予的文科生所特有的一些优势成为他们在就业市场上的有利因素，就业前
景一片光明。故选 D 项。
Ⅱ.七选五
体裁：说明文 题材：学校生活 主题：大学时间管理技巧
【文章大意】
本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了大学生有效管理时间的技巧。
1．答案与解析：C 根据空前一句“College life is colorful”可知，大学生活是丰富多彩
的，并由与下文中的“How do they manage to complete a huge number of assignments and still
find the time to have fun？”呼应可知，C 项“有很多有趣的事情可以做”符合语境。
2．答案与解析：A 根据文章结构和空处所在位置可知，空处为主题句，通读该段可
知，本段主要讲的是大学里朋友间互相帮助的行为，故 A 项“互相帮助”符合语境。
3．答案与解析：E 根据本段主题句“Use technologies”，并结合该段中的“You don't
always have to waste time to go to a library when you can find everything online”可推知，利用网
络科技可以解决不同的学习问题，与选项 E 呼应，故选 E 项。
4．答案与解析：G 由与本段主题句“Give yourself a treat”呼应可推知，选项 G 符合语
境。
5．答案与解析：F 承接上文“For example, if you have a task for an hour, promise yourself
to have coffee and biscuits if you manage to do that in time”可推知，此处应表示犒劳自己是使
工作高效的好动机，故选 F 项。
Ⅲ.语法填空
体裁：说明文 主题语境：人与社会——学校生活——开设活字印刷术课程
【文章大意】
杭州的一所小学开设活字印刷术课程以增强学生的汉字意识和提高中国文化鉴赏水
平。本文介绍了该校的课程开设情况并简要介绍了活字印刷术。
1．答案与解析：on 考查介词。表示在具体的某一天，用介词 on。
2．答案与解析：an 考查冠词。此处表示“一个古老的中国印刷系统”，表泛指，system
是可数名词，且 ancient 的发音以元音音素开头，故填 an。
3．答案与解析：whose 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处引导非限制性定语
从句，major responsibility 与先行词 An expert 之间为所属关系，故填 whose。
4．答案与解析：to use 考查动词不定式。此处考查固定用法 teach sb. how to do sth.。
此处为“疑问词＋不定式”结构。
5．答案与解析：interesting 考查词形转换。修饰名词用形容词，根据空后的“classes”
可知，此处应用 interesting“有趣的”修饰。
6．答案与解析：applying 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，动词 apply 与其逻辑
主语 They 之间是主谓关系，应用其现在分词形式作状语。
7．答案与解析：newly 考查副词。written 是动词 write 的过去分词，修饰动词应用副
词，故填 newly。
8．答案与解析：Known 考查非谓语动词。动词 know 与其逻辑主语 movable type printing
之间是动宾关系，故用其过去分词形式。
9．答案与解析：was invented 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。由该句中的时间状
语“in the 1040s during the Song Dynasty”可知，此处应用一般过去时；根据空后的“by”可知，
此处应用被动语态，又 movable type printing 作主语，为第三人称单数，故填 was invented。
10．答案与解析：appreciation 考查词形转换。their 是形容词性物主代词，其后应跟名
词，故填 appreciation。
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