上海崇明区 2016-2020年五年高考二模英语试题汇编 概要写作专题 含答案

1 上海崇明区 2016-2020 年五年高考二模英语试题汇编-概要写作专题 2020 届上海市崇明区 高考二模英语试题 IV. Summary Writing 51.Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. The Role of Humility at Work There are many qualities that leaders must develop if they wish to have a meaningful impact in the workplace. But among these many important qualities, the value of humility seems to be frequently overlooked. Part of this is due to common misconceptions about what it means to be humble. Humility tends to be overlooked in the workplace because it is frequently misinterpreted as a “weak” quality. We have been led to believe that people who are humble are easily bulldozed (欺负) by others and aren’t willing to stick up for themselves. Many define humility as having a low opinion of oneself. While this may be one widely accepted view of humility today, it is actually a far cry from the true meaning of the word—and the way it should be applied in leadership. Humility isn’t about being passive and weak. It’s about showing respect to others and recognizing truth in all situations, including in the workplace. A humble professional sounds like the type of person that most of us would prefer to interact with on a daily basis. It is the type of person that can become a truly effective leader. “Humble leaders must be willing to evaluate criticism to determine if it’s valid or not,” said Christopher Ferry, founder of Boca Recovery Center. “The best leaders are willing to admit when they are wrong and view mistakes as learning opportunities so they can turn them into something transformative. In all my work developing the leadership skills of managers, if I could give them any quality with a magic stick, it would be humility.” Though humility is often underrated by world at large, it’s essential if you want to be successful as a leader, not just at work but in life. Reject your idea to boast or lift yourself above anyone and decide to be at the service of others. 【答案】Humility plays a vital role at work. Though often neglected and mistaken as a symbol of weakness, 2 humility is actually about respecting truth and others. Humility is crucial in leadership because humble leaders have a positive attitude to criticism and mistakes and can turn these into improvements. Therefore, try to be humble both at work and in life. 【解析】 【分析】 本篇书面表达是概要写作，要求概括谦逊在工作中起着至关重要的作用，虽然经常被忽视和误解为软弱的 象征，谦逊实际上是尊重真理和他人，同时它在领导力中至关重要，因为谦逊的领导者对批评和错误持积 极的态度，并能将其转化为改进，因此，在工作和生活中都要保持谦逊。注意词数要求和使用自己的语言。 【详解】1、写之前，需要认真仔细地读几遍原文材料，让理解更深刻。 2、遵循原文的逻辑顺序，对重要部分的主题、标题、细节进行概括，全面清晰地表明原文信息。 3、给摘要起一个好标题，比如：可以采用文中的主题句。 4、尽量使用自己的话完成，不要引用原文的句子，篇幅控制在原文的三分之一或四分之一长。 2019 届上海市崇明区 高考二模英语试题 IV. Summary Writing 71.Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Fujian Puppetry (木偶剧) in Need of Urgent Safeguarding As one of the contributions of Chinese performing art to the world’s cultural heritage (遗产), Fujian puppetry has a long history. It has developed a set of characteristic techniques of performance and puppet making, as well as plays and music. No final conclusions have yet been reached on the origins and evolution of Chinese puppetry. Dating from Shang dynasty, pottery figurines (陶俑) used as burial objects have been discovered at the Yin Ruins. In a Western Han tomb at Mawangdui in Changsha, Hunan Province, a number of wooden figurines have been unearthed. These were a great improvement on those from previous dynasties in terms of craftsmanship, variety and modeling. Over time, figurines as burial objects evolved into puppets for entertainment on festive occasions. 3 Chinese puppetry further developed during the Ming and Qing dynasties, with a bunch of schools spreading across the country. Puppet shows from various places had their own characteristics in terms of figure modeling. In the past few decades, many traditional forms of art have seen a decline in popularity. In particular, Fujian puppetry finds itself in hot water. The number of young people learning puppetry has decreased due to socioeconomic changes to their lifestyles. The long period of training required to master the complicated performing techniques has also been a factor in the fall. In response, concerned communities, groups and bearers laid down the 2008-2020 Strategy for the Training of Coming Generations of Fujian Puppetry Practitioners. The key objectives are to safeguard the promotion of Fujian Puppetry and to increase its sustainability through professional training to cultivate a new generation of puppetry practitioners; creation of teaching materials; construction of training institutes and exhibition halls; regional and international cooperation; and artistic exchange. In 2012, the strategy was added to the Register of Good Safeguarding Practices by the UNESCO. With great efforts made by practitioners, local people and education institutions, Fujian Puppetry can expect a brighter future. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________ 【答案】Fujian puppetry, a performing art, is a cultural heritage with a long history that may have originated from burial objects. However, it has become less popular these decades because of fewer young learners and the difficulty in mastering its techniques. Luckily, some people and organizations have realized its value and are making joint efforts to save it, including UNESCO. 【解析】 【分析】 这是一篇概要写作。 【详解】写作步骤 1）细读原文。首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握文章主旨。文章介绍了福建木偶戏作为中国表演艺术对世界文 4 化遗产的贡献之一，有着悠久的历史。而在过去的几十年里，许多传统艺术形式的受欢迎程度有所下降。 幸运的是，包括联合国教科文组织在内的一些人士和组织认识到了它的价值，正在共同努力拯救它。 2）弄清结构，归纳段意。概要写作是写全文概要，不是写某一部分的概要，或者就某些问题写出要点。 因此一定要弄清文章结构，归纳文章各段大意。本文第一、二、三段详细描写福建木偶戏起源和演变的部 分，可删繁就简，总结概括为一句话；第四段提出在过去的几十年中，木偶戏面临的问题是：受欢迎程度 下降，面临失传；第五、六段为人们意识到它的价值而采取的拯救措施。 3）列出原文要点。分析原文的内容和结构，将内容分项扼要表述并注意在结构上的顺序。在此基础上选 出与文章主题密切相关的部分。本文中要点有三：第一，介绍福建木偶戏；第二，木偶戏目前面临的问题； 第三，对此人们采取的措施。 4）在写作时要特别注意下面几点： （1）概要应包括原文中的主要事实，略去不必要的细节。 （2）安排好篇幅的比例，概要应同原文保持协调，即用较多的文字写重要内容，用较少的文字写次要内 容。 （3）注意要点之间的衔接，要用适当的关联词语贯通全文，切忌只简单地写出一些互不相干的句子，但 也不要每两句之间都加关联词语，以免显得生硬。 （4）不排斥用原文的某些词句，但不要照搬原文的句子，如果不能完全用自己的话语表达，至少对原文 句子做一些同义词替换，如果结构上也能有一些转换会更好。 （5）计算词数，看是否符合规定的词数要求。 【点睛】范文内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。作者在范文中使用了较多高级表达方式，如 Fujian puppetry, a performing art, is a cultural heritage with a long history that may have originated from burial objects. 运用了定语从句。However, it has become less popular these decades because of fewer young learners and the difficulty in mastering its techniques. because of 短语。全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英 语的能力。另外，文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。 2018 届上海市崇明区 高考二模英语试题 IV. Summary Writing 51.Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no 5 more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Do Smartphones Make Us Smarter? Should teachers allow cellphones in a classroom? A recent study on the way smartphones disturb learning might help explain the issue. Researchers published findings showing how students were affected by their phones in the classroom. They explored the differences in student performance in four situations: open phone use allowed, phones allowed in the classroom but could not be used, no phones in the classroom and a no-instruction control group. After watching a 20-minuted video, students took a short quiz. The result was that the students in a room without any cellphones performed significantly better on the test. Scientists believe the way we attach ourselves to our phones could be the problem. Smartphones have become to strongly established in society that many people are lost without them. We are now in an age when many people can’t imagine life without a phone. There is even a name for the anxiety caused by not having one-monophobia, which is the powerful feeling people get when they don’t have signal, their battery is about to die, or they are separated from their phones. Their fear of missing out on important information or connections can have a controlling effect on their lives and can divide their attention from other important things like learning. So does information technology help or block the way we think? In the past, people relied heavily on specific knowledge and knew how in their circle of friends would be most likely to know things in different subjects. Now, our friend with all the information is the Internet. Indications are that people don’t remember information as well if they know they can use a computer of phone to recall it quickly. So it may be more difficult to move information from the Internet into our long-term memory. But the impact of being exposed to so much information isn’t all bad. Reports show that frequent Internet use can strengthen fast-paced problem solving and can speed up the ability to spot patterns in a lot of data. 【答案】Researchers recently found smartphones influenced learning. For one thing, smartphones have become an essential part of life, without which people feel at a loss, thus distracting their attention from learning. For another, people rely so heavily on smartphones that their long-term memory can be affected. However, having access to a large amount of information also benefits people in some aspects. (60 words) 【解析】 【分析】 6 文章的主要结构为总-分-总。研究人员通过实验发现智能手机对学生在课堂表现的影响，提出智能手机使 用的利弊。符合概要写作常规出题思路。 【详解】 第一段讲述研究人员通过实验发现智能手机对学生在课堂表现的影响。可以用到的词汇或句型有： researchers, smartphones, influence 等。第二段讲述智能手机是人们生活必备的，没有手机人们会感到不知 所措，从而分散学习的注意力。可以用到的词汇或句式有：essential, feel at a loss, distract, attention 等。第 三段人们很依赖智能手机记忆东西，长久会影响他们的记忆力。可以用到的词汇或句式有：rely on, heavily, long-term, memory 等。第四段讲了接触互联网的大量信息能帮助加强解决问题的能力。可以用到的词汇或 句式有：access to, a large amount of, information, benefit , in some aspects 等。 2017 届上海市崇明区 高考二模英语试题 IV. Summary Writing Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Fun Offices Make Workers Happier? In order to make their employees happier, companies around the world have been busy installing play equipment in the workplace. Table football, computer games and action figures have become common in some workplaces. Despite all this effort, unfortunately, work still makes people unhappy. According to a study by the London School of Economics, the place where people feel most miserable is work. To proceed with an emphasis on being happy, however, other emotions are crowded out. Anger, sadness, anxiety and uncertainty all become a no-no. Such a ban on negative emotions can be emotionally bad for employees. A number of studies have shown that being able to express a range of positive and negative emotions is important, particularly when people are dealing with difficult experiences. Besides, being constantly on the lookout for happiness may actually drive happiness away from us. Scientists have found that when we talk about how important happiness is, we become less likely to find it, even when we have experiences that usually make us happy. Wanting to be happy at work is fair enough, but being forced to be happy at work can be troubling. If companies were genuinely interested in making their employees happy, they would perhaps look at some more “down-to-earth” interventions (务实的干预). A simple step would be to stop interrupting workers with all sorts 7 of pointless demands such as long emails and unnecessary forms. A study by Harvard Business School found workers felt most satisfied on days when they were able to focus on a piece of work and make meaningful progress on it. In short, if companies really want to make their employees happier, they should think long and hard before pointless restructuring. 【答案】 A study shows work still upsets people though companies are trying to make workplaces fun. Forcing employees to be happy is useless because being unable to express negative feelings is harmful and always looking for happiness deliberately will make people less happy. Rather, the effective way to make employees happy is not to interrupt employees with meaningless tasks. (58 words) 2016 届上海市崇明区 高考二模英语试题 Directions: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words. Want to attract and keep top talent? Here’s a suggestion: Make a flexible work schedule part of the deal. A survey this summer of 1,215 U.S. managers and employees across a variety of industries, by EY (formerly Ernst & Young), found those aged 18 to 32 rank flexibility among the perks (特殊待遇) they want most, with 33% saying they wouldn’t work anywhere that didn’t offer it. But it seems those aged 33 to 48 value flextime even more: 38% of them consider it non-negotiable, with men who said so, at 40%, slightly outnumbering women (37%). “Companies first started offering flexible schedules, in the late 80s and the 90s, as a way to recruit (招募) and keep tal ented women, but it’s gone way beyond that now,” observes Karyn Twaronite, an EY partner who came up through the tax side of the business. Noting that both men and women, in all age groups, ranked flextime (弹性工作制) tops among non-cash perks, Twaronite adds, “That result mirrors exactly what we’re seeing here at EY.” The accounting and consulting giant, No. 57 on Fortune’s Best Companies to Work For, has had thousands of employees working flexible schedules for years—including, since 2004, six weeks’ of paid leave for new dads. 8 “Flextime may have started out as a women’s issue, but it’s changed into something that people of both sexes have come to expect,” he adds. “I think it’s partly because of the large number of two-career households now, where people have to adapt to two demanding professional schedules instead of just one.” The EY survey suggests that, in the next decade or so, the opportunity for a life outside the office will become an even bigger draw than it already is. Most of those surveyed still work a set schedule, the report notes, but “respondents expect a shift in the coming years to more flexible hours, as 62% currently work standard office hours and only 50% expect to do so in five to ten years.” That doesn’t surprise Twaronite. “Work is changing,” she observes. “The technology to connect anywhere and anytime means that people are expected to be on call 24 hours a day, especially in global companies that operate across different time zones. The other side of that is that employers are adapting to people’s lives outside of work—because they have to be.” (Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.) 78. What is the main finding of the survey? 79. Flextime was originally aimed at _____. 80. The result of the survey is caused by the fact that _____. 81. What makes flextime possible according to Twaronite? 【答案】 78. Both men and women ranked flextime tops among non-cash perks. / People rank flexibility among the perks they want most. / People value flextime more. 79. (recruiting and keeping) talented women 80. there are a large number of two-career households now / both sexes in a family have to work professionally now 81. The technology to connect anywhere and anytime.