高考英语语法复习：虚拟语气讲解及提升练习（有答案）

高考语法复习：虚拟语气讲解及提升练习 一、if 条件句中的虚拟语气 虚拟条件句 虚拟情况 主句 从句 与现在事 实相反 主语＋should/would/ could/might＋do if＋主语＋过去 式(be 用 were) 与过去事 实相反 主语＋should/ would/could/might ＋have done if＋主语＋had ＋过去分词 与将来事实 可能相反 主语＋should/would/ could/might＋do if＋主语＋过去 式/were to do/ should＋do If the new safety system had been put to use，the accident would never have happened. 要是新的安全系统被投入使用的话，这起事故就不会发生了。 We would be back in the hotel now if you didn't lose the map. 如果你没有把地图丢了的话，我们现在就回到旅馆了。 Grace doesn't want to move to New York because she thinks if she were to live there，she wouldn't be able to see her parents very often. 格蕾丝不想搬到纽约，因为她认为如果住在那里，她就不能经常看到她的父母了。 [易错提醒] (1)如果在表示虚拟语气的 if 从句中含有 were，had 或 should，可将 if 省略， 然后将 were，had 或 should 移至主语之前。 (2)如果主句和从句是对不同时间的事实的虚拟，则被称为错综虚拟语气。此时主句常 有明显的时间状语。 二、含蓄条件句的虚拟语气 有时假设的条件不通过条件状语从句表达出来，而是隐含在某些词或短语中，或隐含在 上下文中，这叫含蓄虚拟语气。常用的这类词或短语有：without(要是)没有；but for 要不是； otherwise/or 否则等。 —Do you have Betty's phone number? ——你有贝蒂的电话号码吗？ —Yes.Otherwise，I wouldn't have been able to reach her yesterday. ——有，不然我昨天就联系不上她了。 Many of the things we now benefit from would not be around but for Thomas Edison.要不 是托马斯·爱迪生，我们现在从中受益的很多东西就不会存在。 三、 虚拟语气在从句中的运用 1．在名词性从句中的运用 (1)在表示要求、命令、建议、请求等动词后的宾语从句中，以及这些动词的名词形式 后面的同位语或表语从句中的谓语动词用“(should＋)动词原形”。常见的此类动词：一坚持 (insist)、二命令(order，command)、三要求(require，demand，request)、四建议(suggest，advise， propose，recommend)。 She suggested that Dale join the debating team，believing that practice in speaking could give him the confidence and recognition that he needed. 她建议戴尔参加辩论队，她认为辩论队里的演讲练习会给予他所需要的信心和认可。 He insisted that the problem (should) be discussed at the meeting.他执意要求在会上讨论 这个问题。 My desire is that we (should) not quarrel over such things again. 我的希望是我们不再为这样的事情争吵了。 [易错提醒] 当 suggest 作“暗示，表明”，insist 作“坚持认为”讲时，从句要用陈述语气。 (2)在“It is/was＋adj./done＋that...”句型中，从句中的谓语动词用(should)＋动词原形。常 见的形容词或过去分词有：important，necessary，strange，suggested，ordered，advised，requested， demanded 等。 It is necessary that we (should) clean the room every day. 我们每天打扫房间是有必要的。 It is required that middle school students (should) take at least one hour's exercise every day. 中学生被要求每天至少进行一个小时的锻炼。 (3) wish 后的宾语从句中的谓语可用一般过去时，had＋过去分词和 could/might/would ＋动词原形，分别表示与现在、过去相反的情况和与将来情况可能相反。 I wish that I had met that film star yesterday. 我希望昨天见到那个影星。 Ellen is a fantastic dancer. I wish I danced as well as her. 埃伦是一位了不起的舞蹈家。要是我能跳得像她一样好那该有多好啊。 (4) would rather 所接的宾语从句中，从句的谓语如果表示现在或将来要发生的动作，从 句用一般过去时；如果表示过去发生过的动作，从句用过去完成时。 We would rather our daughter stayed at home with us，but it is her choice，and she is not a child any longer. 我们宁愿女儿待在家，陪在我们身边，但是选择权在她手上，毕竟她不再是个孩子了。 2．三个固定句式中的虚拟语气 虚拟情况 句式 虚拟现在 虚拟过去 虚拟将来 if only 引导的条 件句及感叹句 过去式 had＋ 过去分词 would/ could/might ＋动词原形 as if/though 引导的表语从 句及方式状语从句 过去式 had＋ 过去分词 would/ could/might ＋动词原形 It is (high) time that... 过去式或 should＋动词原形 It was John who broke the window. Why are you talking to me as if I had done it? 打破窗户的是约翰。为什么你说得好像是我打破的似的？ It is high time that we took/should take some measures to solve the problem. 确实到了我们采取措施解决问题的时候了。 Look at the trouble we are in. If only we had taken our teacher's advice！看看我们所处的困 境，要是我们当初听从老师的建议该多好！ [易错提醒] 当 as if/though 引导的句子所叙述的是真实的或极有可能发生或存在的事 实时，从句要用陈述语气。 【技法点拨】 语法填空的一个完整句子中若没有别的谓语动词，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但需填的动 词与之是并列关系时，所给动词就是谓语动词，就要考虑动词的时态和语态，还要注意主谓 一致和虚拟语气。 巩固提升： 一、单项选择 1．Left to itself, the place ______________ into a prosperous civilized community． A．was to grow B．were to grow C．should have grown D．would have grown 2．I'm sure he is keeping something back．I'd rather he ______________ me the truth． A．tells B．told C．has told D．had told 3．The current population of the plant ______________ fit into the state of Taxes, if Taxes were settled as thickly as New York City． A．could B．can C．will D．should 4．The proposal Father made this morning did sound feasible ______________ every member of the family ______________ one-third of his or her income in case of emergency． A．which, set aside B．that, set aside C．which, sets aside D．that, sets aside 5．Without your encouragement and support, we ________. A．should not succeed B．would not succeed C．would have succeeded D．would not have succeeded 6．Which of the following is Wrong? A．But for his help, I wouldn’t have done such a wonderful job in English. B．His house, all the windows of which face south, enjoys great sunshine. C．Not until the result turned out to be so serious that he realized his fault. D．It is at this moment that he made the most important decision in his life. 7．She said she would have sent a car for me ________ that I was arriving today. A．if it didn’t slip her mind B．if it weren’t to slip her mind C．had it not slipped her mind D．shouldn’t it slipped her mind 8．The officer command that the wounded _______ to hospital as soon as possible. A．would be sent B．should be sent C．need to send D．should send 9．________ to me to decide whether we should have a government without newspapers or newspapers without a government, I ________ not hesitate a moment to prefer the latter. A．If it were left … would B．Should it leave … must C．Would it be left … should D．Was it left … would 10．If God __________everything in the world, the strange creatures in fossils __________so many years before. A．had created; shouldn’t exist B．had created; couldn’t have existed C．should create; wouldn’t exist D．created; wouldn’t have existed 11．We the sunshine in Sanya now if it were not for the delay of our flight. A．were enjoying B．would have enjoyed C．would be enjoying D．will enjoy 12．I ___________ a full mark in the last listening exam if I hadn’t practiced it during the winter holiday. A．didn’t got B．hadn’t got C．wouldn’t get D．wouldn’t have got 13．We would have called a taxi yesterday if Jim ___________ us a lift. A．didn’t give B．wouldn’t give C．hasn’t given D．hadn’t given 14．This computer is of good quality. If it ___________ break down within the first three months, we would repair it at our expense. A．would B．were to C．could D．might 15．___________ ten years younger, I would study abroad. A．If were I B．I were C．Were I D．Was I 16．Without your instruction, I ___________ such great progress. A．cannot make B．will not make C．had not made D．could not have made 17．In the past, if someone like me had failed to get into university through the college exam, he ___________ no chance of getting a degree. A．would have B．had C．had had D．would have had 18．—Would you mind if I ______ the window? —Not at all. In fact, I was going to suggest you ______ it. A．open; did B．opened; to do C．open; doing D．opened; do 19．If they had informed us, we ___________ here now. A．would not come B．would have come C．will not come D．may not come 20．－Where are the children? The school bus is leaving. － I wish they ______ always late. A．aren’t B．weren’t C．wouldn’t be D．hadn’t been 21．— If I ______ my dog run out in the street, it wouldn't have been injured by the car. — Don't blame yourself any more. Owning a pet is a tough job. A．hadn't let B．didn't let C．wouldn't let D．wouldn't have let 22．If he my advice,he wouldn’t have lost his job. A．followed B．should follow C．had followed D．would followed 23．I wish I __________ at my sister’s wedding, but I was on a business trip in New York last weekend. A．will be B．would be C．were D．had been 24．If you had brought your swimming suit with you, we ___________ swimming in the lake now. A．could go B．could have gone C．can go D．have gone 25．If I had known that, I ________ so. A．wouldn't have done B．didn't do C．won't do D．wouldn't do 26．The professor demanded that all the essays ________ to him by Jan. 10th. A．hand in B．be handed in C．should hand in D．were handed in 27．If Wu Dajing _____ the record in 2018 Winter Olympics. he would not be world famous now. A．hadn't broken B．hasn't broken C．didn't break D．doesn't break 28．Tom doesn’t want to move to London because he thinks if he _____there, he wouldn’t be able to see his parents very often. A．lives B．were to live C．had lived D．would live 29．You _____ something great, otherwise you wouldn't have got the promotion. A．should do B．must do C．should have done D．must have done 30．The workers in the factory demanded that their pay _________ by 20 percent. A．raised B．be raised C．would be raised D．could raise 31．If we __________ a ticket earlier, we would be watching the film now. A．have booked B．booked C．book D．had booked 32．If I weren’t so tired, I __________ with you to the movie tonight. A．will go B．would have gone C．would go D．went 33．What a sunny day! How I wish I __________ on the beach enjoying the sunshine now! A．were B．had been C．would be D．should be 34．—Did you enjoy your trip? —Yes. But for your advice, we __________ our stay in London half as much. A．didn’t enjoy B．hadn’t enjoyed C．wouldn’t enjoy D．wouldn’t have enjoyed 35．If I for my English test, I wouldn’t have got such a low grade. A．had prepared B．prepared C．were to prepare D．have prepared 36．—How I wish I a large house with a beautiful garden! —In your dream. It is expensive. A．Has B．had C．will have D．had had 37．I was on a business trip then, otherwise I ________ to the hospital for tests. A．went B．had gone C．would have gone D．would go 38．I wish I ______ photography then. If so, I could give you a hand at present. A．studied B．had studied C．have studied D．will study 39．They might have found a better hotel if they _________ a few more kilometers. A．drove B．would drive C．were to drive D．had driven 40．He messed the project up, but he behaved as if nothing ______. A．had happened B．happened C．would happen D．would have happened 41．If the new safety system _______ to use, the accident would never have happened. A．had been put B．were put C．should be put D．would be put 42．Why didn’t you tell me about your trouble last week? If you ________ me, I could have helped. A．told B．had told C．were to tell D．would tell 43．If we ________ a table earlier, we wouldn’t be standing here in a queue. A．have booked B．booked C．book D．had booked 44．We __________back in the hotel now if you didn’t lose the map． A．are B．were C．would be D．will be 45．If I _____it with my own eyes ,I wouldn’t have believed it. A．didn’t see B．weren’t seeing C．wouldn’t see D．hadn’t seen 答案： 1．D2．B3．A4．B5．D6．C7．C8．B9．A10．B11．C12．D13．D14．B15．C16．D17．D 18．D19．A20．B21．A22．C23．D24．A25．A26．B27．A28．B29．D30．B31．D32．C33．A 34．D35．A36．B37．C38．B39．D40．A41．A42．B43．D44．C45．D 二、汉译英 1.在昨天的会议上，编辑坚持要求必须在第二天中午之前将新闻发布出去。(insist) 2.没有他的镇静和勇敢，一个九岁的男孩不可能在地震中虎口脱险的。(narrowly) 3.让我们震惊的是，她要求老师给她儿子提供频繁的说英语的机会以便他能很好地掌握这门 语言。（demand） 4.显然，他缺乏经验，无法胜任这份工作。 (lack) 5.遍布我们城市各个角落的便利店满足了人们适应快节奏生活的需要。(adapt) 6.现在越来越多的野生动物正面临着灭绝的威胁，所以是我们要采取措施保护他们时候了。 (time) 7.只有队员之间加强配合并全力以赴，我校篮球队才能在决赛中战胜对手赢得冠军。(Only) 8.但愿化妆品广告商们没做过任何虚假承诺。(If only) 9.老艺术家坚称那副杰作值得享有如此美誉。(deserve) 10.鉴于你由衷的自我批评，我本不该挑剔你的说话方式。(view) 11.只有证明旗下产品是安全的，这家公司才会繁荣发展，从而革新整个产业。(Only if) 12.他说起意大利就好像亲自去过似的。（as if） 13.每天适度锻炼不仅能保持健康，还能使人精力充沛。（basis） 14.由于缺乏自律性，他在上网课的时候忍不住偷看手机。（help） 15.即便患有肺癌，他还是用两年的时间航游世界，其中四分之一的时间是在非洲度过的。 （Despite） 答案 1.At yesterday's meeting, the editor insisted that the news (should) be released by noon the next day. 2.Without his calmness and bravery, it couldn’t have been impossible for a nine-year-old boy to narrowly escape from death in the earthquake. 3.What shocked us was that she demanded the teacher provide her son with the chance to speak English frequently so that he could have a better command of English. 4.Obviously,/It is obvious that he lacks experience and isn’t/ can’t be qualified for/to do the job. 5.The convenience stores which are located everywhere in our city meet people’s needs to adapt to the fast-paced life. 6.Nowadays, more and more rare animals are threatened with extinction, so it is time for us to take action/it is time we took action to protect them. 7.Only when the team members strengthen their cooperation with each other and do their best/ spare no effort/go all out will our school basketball team be able to beat/defeat the opponents in the final match and win the first prize/the championship. 8.If only cosmetic advertisers had never done any false promises. 9.The old artists insisted that the masterpiece deserved such a good reputation. 10.In view of your honest self-criticism, I shouldn't have found fault with the way you speak 11.Only if its products are proved safe can the company develop and innovate the whole industry. 12.He talked about Italy as if he had been there before. 13.Exercising moderately on a daily basis can not only keep you healthy, but also make you energetic. 14.Due to the lack of his self-discipline, he can’t help glancing at the phone when having online courses. 15.Despite the fact that he had lung cancer, he still spent 2 years sailing around the world, of which a quarter was spent in Africa.