上海杨浦区2016-2020年五年高考二模英语试题汇编 概要写作专题 含答案

1 上海杨浦区 2016-2020 年五年高考二模英语试题汇编-概要写作专题 上海市杨浦区 2020 届高三二模英语试题 IV. Summary Writing 51.Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s)of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Building a Greener Future Year after year, Earth's precious resources are becoming increasingly scarce. Still people need materials to build new houses, office buildings and schools. There's only one solution to this problem: do more with less. That's what sustainable construction is all about. Advocates of sustainable construction believe the entire building process can be done without harming the environment, and by doing so, the earth is kept sustainable for future generations. To make these green buildings possible, however, the process must be implemented from the beginning. Picture a city government that wants to build a green office building. The first thing these city planners would do is select a site with a small environmental impact. Ideally, they would choose a site that had already been developed, thus keeping the forests and grasslands protected. Next, city planners would turn their attention toward the construction process. Only green materials could be used to build their office towers. These include wood, steel, and other materials that have been recycled from destroyed buildings. If possible, they have been manufactured, recovered, or resourced locally. The closer that these green materials are to the construction site, the less energy is wasted getting them to where they're needed. Maintenance costs are the next important factors that need to be considered. City planners would design heating and cooling systems that use as little energy as possible. They would fit solar roof panels that will absorb the heat from the sun to power the building. Toilets and sinks designed to minimize water waste would be fitted throughout the building. These efficiencies don't just help to protect the environment; they can save money over the long run as well. After all this was finished, the city planners would relax and maybe even throw a party. They have designed a 2 building that was green at every step--the golden rule of sustainable construction. 【答案】Sustainable construction is the solution to scarce resources and helps protect the environment. First, it means choosing a site which produces minimal environmental impact. It also involves using green recyclable and locally produced materials. Lastly, it is important to take measures like using sustainable energy to reduce maintenance cost. Therefore, sustainable construction focuses on making the whole building process green. 【解析】 【分析】 这是一篇概要写作。文章是说明文，介绍如何建设绿色未来。 【详解】根据第一段中 That's what sustainable construction is all about. Advocates of sustainable construction believe the entire building process can be done without harming the environment, and by doing so, the earth is kept sustainable for future generations. “这就是可持续建设的意义所在。可持续建设的倡导者认为，整个建设 过程可以不损害环境，这样做，地球是可持续的子孙后代。”可知，Sustainable construction is the solution to scarce resources and helps protect the environment.（可持续建设是解决稀缺资源和保护环境的有效途径）；根 据第二段中 The first thing these city planners would do is select a site with a small environmental impact.“这些 城市规划者要做的第一件事就是选择一个对环境影响小的地点。”可知，First, it means choosing a site which produces minimal environmental impact.（首先，这意味着选择一个对环境影响最小的地点）；根据第三段中 Only green materials could be used to build their office towers. These include wood, steel, and other materials that have been recycled from destroyed buildings.“只有绿色材料才能用来建造他们的办公大楼。这些材料包括木 材、钢铁和其他从被摧毁的建筑物中回收的材料。”可知，It also involves using green recyclable and locally produced materials.（它还包括使用绿色可回收和本地生产的材料）；根据第四段第一句 Maintenance costs are the next important factors that need to be considered.“维护成本是下一个需要考虑的重要因素。”可知，Lastly, it is important to take measures like using sustainable energy to reduce maintenance cost.（最后，采取可持续能源 等措施，降低维修成本）；根据最后一段 After all this was finished, the city planners would relax and maybe even throw a party. They have designed a building that was green at every step--the golden rule of sustainable construction.“在所有这些都完成后，城市规划者会放松下来，甚至可能会举办一场派对。他们设计的建筑 每一步都是绿色的——这是可持续建设的黄金法则。”可知，因此，可持续建设的重点是使整个建筑过程 绿色。 上海市杨浦区 2019 届高三二模英语试题 3 IV. Summary Writing 71.Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. After you have a long day at school or work, getting a bit of shut-eye on the way home is sometimes just what the doctor ordered. But sleeping too long and ending up way past your destination is a real possibility. According to research from sleep specialists in the US, there are several possible explanations for being able to nap during a train or bus ride and still get off at the right stop. One theory states that some people have established sleep pattern that allow them to sleep and wake up at precisely the same time each day. That means their body knows when to wake up and get off the train. Another theory is that people are more likely to recognize the name of their stop, so their brain wakes them up when they hear it announced. Alternatively, those who can effectively sleep on the train might actually be waking up at every stop, but not long enough to become conscious until they know they've reached the right place. These short naps might work for those who are really exhausted, for even a brief rest has the benefit of reducing stress and helping you relax a little. But if you are travelling really far each day, chances are that you will reach rapid eye movement (REM) sleep cycles. According to Dr. Marc Leavey, who has studied this skill, "You're more likely to be tired or disoriented when you wake up from these dreams, so if you're sleeping for longer than 20 minutes, you may find it harder to wake up out of this dream state. If you're in a deep REM sleep, you're more likely to miss your stop or sleep through it.” Not everyone can do it, but some people can run their sleep cycle like clockwork and take a nap on public transportation. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________ 【答案】Sleep experts are trying to explain why people can nap without missing the stop. Besides fixed sleep pattern and the ability to recognize station names, people don’t become fully awake before they reach the destination. While naps relieve stress and are relaxing, experts warn of possibility of missing the stop if the nap is longer than 20 minutes. 4 【解析】 【分析】 本文是一篇概要写作。 【详解】这是一篇概要写作。“概”即“大略”，“要”即“重要内容”。首先必须要读懂原文，分析原文结构， 然后把文章重点表达出来。文章首先指出在火车或公交车上打盹，却能在正确的车站下车这种现象，然后 第二段给出两种理论解释，第三段指出小睡的作用及这种现象的例外。根据分析的文章结构和内容要点撰 写概要，概要由以下三个部分组成： 第一部分：现象具体表现的关键信息； 第二部分：现象的分析或说明等主题句及支持性细节的关键信息； 第三部分：文本所提供的影响、评论等其他信息。 然后用精炼的语言连接、润色每个部分。 最后一步，认真检查。自检标准：现象的具体表现，以及围绕其进行分析、评论的主题句与支持性细节的 关键词句。 【点睛】这是一篇概要写作。内容概括全面，语言精练，层次分明，文中使用高级句子。Sleep experts are trying to explain why people can nap without missing the stop.句中使用 why 引导的宾语从句；fixed sleep pattern and the ability to recognize station names, people don’t become fully awake before they reach the destination.过去分 词作时间状语；While naps relieve stress and are relaxing, experts warn of possibility of missing the stop if the nap is longer than 20 minutes.句中 while 引导的让步状语从句和 if 引导的条件状语从句完美结合。 上海市杨浦区 2018 届高三二模英语试题 IV. Summary Writing 51.Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. It is universally true that all parents in the world love their childr en. However, as parents’ views of life vary, they show their love in different ways. The monarch type of parents are intolerant and self-centered. They lay down regulations in the family for 5 their children to observe. Furthermore, they insist that their children should act upon them without question. With a frim belief in their own philosophy of life, they have little respect for others’ opinions, least of all, their children’s. the sentence they say most frequently to their children is, “you should do this.” Contrary to the monarch-type parents, the servant-type parents revolve around their children all the time. They are soft, good-natured, and easy-going. They never deny their children any wish, and cheerfully run to buy anything their children ask for. They are happy so long as their children are content. With the sincere belief that love means sacrifice, they are ready to give up anything or their children’s sake. With their children at the center of their lives, they always ask, “What else can we do for you?” The friend-type parents, as the term implies, treat their children as friends. They are generous and wise. Like good friends ,they discuss with their children the latest news, share their children’s interests, and listen attentively to their children’s expression of emotion, whether it is anger, fear, joy or sorrow. They have a close relationship with their children while sticking to their principled stand. They discuss problems with their children rather than provide ready solution. They respect their children as their equals. They often say: “Let’s put out heads together and see what we can do” There is o doubt that children welcome the third type of parents, for a free, friendly, and sympathetic atmosphere at home is most favorable to the development of youngsters both in body and in mind. All parents should re-examine and change some of their ways of showing their love if they want their children to grow up happily and healthily. 【 答 案 】 Parents are generally classified into three different types. The monarch-type parents are self-centered and dominant, so they usually force their opinions on children. The servant-type parents are child-centered, willing to devote everything to meeting children’s demands unconditionally. The friend-type parents are democratic and wise, who accompany their children through effective communication and joint work. Children favor the last type. Parenting differs depending on parent’s different views of life. The Monarch-type parents don’t respect their children and force regulations upon them. The servant-type parents willingly sacrifice everything to satisfy children’s needs and wishes. The friend-type parents, the most welcomed type, are democratic and friendly while sticking to their principles. All examination of parenting is necessary for children’s healthy growth. 【解析】 6 【分析】 文章的主要结构为总-分-总。这是一篇记叙文。主要介绍了三种类型的父母。符合概要写作常规出题的思 路。 【详解】第一段讲述父母对生活的看法不同，他们用不同的方式来表达他们的爱，主要有三种类型。可以 用到的词汇或句型有：parents, classify into, types 等。第二段讲述君主式的父母不宽容，以自我为中心。可 以用到的词汇或句式有：monarch-type, self-centered, dominant, force 等。第三段主要讲奴婢式的父母总是围 着孩子转。可以用到的词汇或句式有：servant-type, child-centered, willing to, devote…to, unconditionally 等。 第四段讲了“朋友型父母”，把孩子当朋友看待。可以用到的词汇或句式有：friend-type, democratic, accompany, effective communication 等。第五段概述这三种类型的特点，并提出如果想让孩子健康快乐地成长，所有的 父母都应该重新审视并改变他们表达爱的方式。可以用到的词汇或句式有：depend on, sacrifice, stick to, healthy 等。 上海市杨浦区 2017 届高三二模英语试题 Summary Writing Directions ; Read the following passage . Summarize in more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated . Use your own words as far as possible. For thousands of years , people have sailed across the oceans to trade , explore and transport goods . However , not every ship arrives at its port of destination . Weather ,war , navigation mistakes and bad luck have caused many ships to sink to the bottom of the ocean. These shipwrecks , which are estimated to number more than three million , have long fascinated us . In addition to being historically important , they sometimes contain great riches. Historical research is a key motivator for shipwreck hunters . Ships carrying documents and artifact can teach us about ancient civilizations and important events . For instance , in 1997 the Pandora , which sank in 791, was discovered off the coast of Australia . The findings from the ship helped us understand the events surrounding the famous mutiny (暴动) on another ship ----- the Bounty . Another important discovery off the US coast in 1996 is widely believed to be the Queen Ann’s Revenge , the flagship of the private Blackbeard. Profit is another motive for shipwreck exploration ,as companies use advanced sonar , robots and retrieval equipment to find treasure ships . One such firm is Odyssey Marine Exploration . The company has found 7 hundreds of ships , including , in 2007 , a Spanish sailing ship containing 500,000 silver coins. The ship , which sank 200 years ago in the Atlantic Ocean , carried a treasure estimated to be worth $500 million . Soon after the discovery , a long legal battle over ownership rights took place between the company and the Spanish government . Cases like these are part of an ongoing debate about protecting historically important ships from treasure hunters. 【答案】Historical importance and profit are the two main driving forces for shipwreck explorations . Key information about ancient civilizations and important events can be obtained from the wreckage . Besides , huge treasures can also be found by using advanced equipment . However , the finding of the treasure sometimes sparks legal debate over ownership . 上海市杨浦区 2016 届高三二模英语试题 上海市杨浦区 2016 届高三二模英语试题 Directions: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words. When did Christopher Columbus first sail to the Americas? Everyone can answer that question: 1492. When did the industrial revolution begin? Not everyone can answer that – and even those who can might give different answers. When writing your research paper, you must know when to tell your readers where you got your information, and when you can assume they know and accept your information. The information you include in your research paper must be properly documented. That is, you need to identify where you found the information in your paper. By citing（引用）the sources of all ideas, statements, and quotations that you used, you allow your readers to judge the validity（正确性、有效性）of the information. For example, information quoted from a respected historical journal will carry more weight than a statement quoted from a TV dramatization. By citing your sources properly, you acknowledge those people whose ideas you are using. Since they developed the facts, opinions, and analyses that you have borrowed, they deserve a mention in your work. In addition, by citing your sources properly, you avoid plagiarism（剽窃）– the presentation of someone else’s ideas or statements as your own. You should cite your source whether you use the information word for word or you paraphrase it. While you want to credit others for their work, you don’t have to cite the source of common knowledge. 8 Examples of common knowledge include widely accepted facts, such as that the Andes are in South America or that the Magna Carta was signed in 1215. Widely known proverbs, famous quotations, and simple definitions are also common knowledge. (Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TWELVE WORDS) 78. Why do few writers cite the source of the information that Columbus first sailed to the Americas in 1492? 79. Proper citation of information sources makes it possible for readers 80. If a writer uses others’ ideas, he should cite his sources to __________________. 81. What may happen to the writer if he doesn’t cite the source of information? 【答案】 78. Because they assume readers know it/ Because it is considered as common knowledge. 79. to judge the validity of the information 80. acknowledge those people 81. He may be accused of plagiarism/ presenting others’ ideas as his own.