上海区徐汇区2016-2020年五年高考二模英语试题汇编 概要写作专题 含答案

1 上海区徐汇区 2016-2020 年五年高考二模英语试题汇编-概要写作专题 2020 年上海市徐汇区高考二模英语试题 IV.Summary Writing 71.Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Teaching Children about Forgiveness If you’ve seen your children struggle to forgive someone for hurting them, you know that forgiveness is complicated. After all, forgiveness is complicated for adults, too. At times, we wonder why we’re trying to forgive someone anyway; later, we might think we’ve forgiven them, only to experience a sudden burst of anger. Indeed, it takes many years for us to grasp the meaning of forgiveness as we grow up. It’s understandable that children may feel hurt or angry when a friend does something less-than-kind to them. Maybe the friend said something unkind or broke something precious, embarrassed them, excluded them, or told their secrets. Children may be tempted to get even with a friend who’s done them wrong, by doing something worse or telling everyone how terrible the friend is, but trying to get revenge only escalates (升级) the conflict. Parents can play an important role in teaching children about forgiveness. Children watch how important adults in their lives respond when someone does something unkind. Do they complain to others or speak directly to the person involved? How long does it take them to get over being mad or hurt? How do they get over it? Parents can teach their children about the value of forgiveness by regularly practicing it in their own lives. Sometimes parents can talk with their children about forgiveness, based on where kids are in their cognitive (认知的) and emotional development. For example, children need to understand that no one is perfect, so generously forgiving a well-meaning friend is a caring thing to do. If parents can help children see things a little more from other people’s perspective, this will make forgiveness easier. These conversations can change the way children think about forgiveness and help them emotionally recover when they inevitably experience harm and 2 unfair treatment from others in life. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________ 【 答 案 】 Forgiveness is complicated and children’s understanding of forgiving develops as they grow older. Children may feel angry and want to revenge when they feel hurt or wronged. Parents need to be good role models themselves and have age-appropriate discussions with children to help them see things from other people’s perspective and better understand forgiveness. 【解析】 【分析】 这是一篇概要写作。主要讲述了在孩子眼里，“原谅”这一过程的特征，以及作为父母应如何教导孩子学 会原谅。 【详解】第一步：审题 时态：时态应为一般现在时。 人称：第三人称，避免第一人称使用。 注意事项： 1. 写出原谅这一过程特征，为什么要原谅。 2. 父母如何教导孩子学会原谅。 3. 避免摘抄原文词语，学会同义替换。 第二步：段落总结 第一段：对于孩子来说，原来是一个复杂的认知过程，需要花费很长时间才能明白。 3 第二段：在受到伤害时，反抗或报复是一种生理自然反应。 第三段：家长要树立榜样，教学生学习“如何学习原谅”（也是文章的过渡段落）。 第四段：提出一些指导原则，帮助孩子学会“原谅”。 第三步：语义合并 文章第二段和第一段可以合并，写出 Forgiveness is complicated and children’s understanding of forgiving develops as they grow older. Children may feel angry and want to revenge when they feel hurt or wronged. 第三段和第四段可以并列，写出 Parents need to be good role models themselves and have age-appropriate discussions with children to help them see things from other people’s perspective and better understand forgiveness. 第四步：润色修改 2019 年上海市徐汇区高考二模英语试题 IV. Summary Writing 71.Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Should some books be banned from school libraries? Are there Harry Potter books in your school library? Many kids all over the world are reading J. K. Rowling's books in school. But some parents think their children shouldn't be able to find those and other books in school libraries. Should school libraries keep books that some parents don't approve of? Should they take those books off the shelves? All over the country, schools are wrestling with those questions. It’s true that some hold their argument that some books should be banned from school libraries! "We need certain limits," said one student in Denver, Colorado. He said some books have no place in school libraries. Many people believe that books that contain violence or bad words shouldn't be in schools. Some people want the Harry Potter books removed because they contain talk about wizards and magic. 4 Most parents know what's good for kids. They have a right to decide which books should or should not be in school libraries. Books should meet certain standards before they are put in schools. Is this a good book for kids to read? Is it full of violence? Does it contain bad words or ideas kids shouldn't learn about? If a book is not good for all kids, it should not be in a school library. Most parents don't have time to find out everything their kids read. They should be able to trust schools to do that for them. On the other hand, some believe that books should not be banned from school libraries! "Parents should decide what their own kids read," said Natalie Nicol, of Denver, Colorado. But other parents shouldn't make that choice for them. Many experts say that it's the parents' job, not the school's job, to check out what their kids are reading. If they don't like a book, they should not let their kids read it. Why should a few parents stop kids from reading stories like the Harry Potter series? Kids should be able to check out books their parents think are OK to read. Many schools let kids borrow certain books if they have a signed paper from a parent. That works fine. A parent doesn't sign the paper if he or she doesn't want the child to read the book. Other kids can read the books if they have permission. Some books are not OK for all kids to read. But if more adults were careful about what their own kids read, they wouldn't have to ban books from the library. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________ 【答案】Schools are troubled by the problem whether certain books should be banned from their libraries. Some argue that those books with violence or bad words in should be banned and certain standards in judging books is essential. Others believe that it is parents’ responsibility, instead of schools’, to decide whether their kids are permitted to read certain books or not. 【解析】 【分析】 5 本文属于议论文，话题为图书馆是否应该禁止一些书籍出现其中，一些人觉得有必要，因为有些书籍包含 暴力和色情，因此进入图书馆的书籍必须要符合一定的标准，但是另外一些人觉得没必要，因为决定孩子 阅读的书籍的责任在父母而不是图书馆。 【详解】本文结构为总分结构，话题为图书馆是否应该禁止一些书籍出现其中，其中主要涉及支持与不支 持两方面观点，支持的一方认为有些书籍包含暴力和色情，因此进入图书馆的书籍必须要符合一定的标准， 但是不支持的一方认为决定孩子阅读的书籍的责任在父母而不是图书馆。另外需注意字数以及单词拼写， 标点符号以及语法错误等问题。 2018 年上海市徐汇区高考二模英语试题 IV.Summary Writing 71.Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. A Workaholic Economy Although the output per hour of work has more than doubled since 1945, leisure seems reserved largely for the unemployed and underemployed. Those who work full-time spend as much time on the job as they did at the end of World War Ⅱ. In fact, working hours have increased noticeably since 1970. Bookstores now abound with manuals describing how to manage time and cope with stress. There are mainly two reasons for lost leisure. Since 1970, companies have responded to improvements in the business climate by having employees work overtime rather than by hiring extra personnel. Some firms are even downsizing as their profits climb. A host of factors pushes employers to hire fewer workers for more hours and, at the same time, compels workers to spend more time on the job. Most of those incentives(诱因) involve the structure of compensation(报酬). The way salaries and benefits are organized makes it more profitable to ask 40 employees to labor an extra hour each than to hire one more worker to do the same 40-hour job. Once people are on salary, their cost to a firm is the same whether they spend 35 hours a week in the office or 70. Therefore, it is more profitable for employers to work 6 their existing employees harder. For all that employees complain about long hours, they, too, have reasons not to trade money for leisure. “People who work reduced hours pay a huge penalty in career terms,” Bailyn of Massachusetts Institute of Technology maintains. “It’s taken as a negative signal about their commitment to the firm.” He adds that many corporate managers find it difficult to measure the contribution of their employees to a firm’s well-being, so they estimate staff productivity in terms of hours worked. Employees know this, and they adjust their behavior accordingly. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 【答案】People actually work more hours than before despite the increased productivity. On one hand, it’s because the payment distribution system makes it economical for companies to have employees work overtime than hiring more people. On the other hand, employees tend to work long hours because their working time is linked to their contribution to the firm. 【解析】 【分析】 本篇书面表达是概要写作，要求概括尽管生产力提高了，但人们实际工作的时间比以前多了。一方面，这 是因为薪酬分配制度使得公司让员工加班比雇佣更多的人更经济；另一方面，员工倾向于长时间工作，因 为他们的工作时间与他们对公司的贡献有关，注意词数要求和使用自己的语言。 【详解】1、写之前，需要认真仔细地读几遍原文材料，让理解更深刻。 2、遵循原文的逻辑顺序，对重要部分的主题、标题、细节进行概括，全面清晰地表明原文信息。 3、给摘要起一个好标题，比如：可以采用文中的主题句。 4、尽量使用自己的话完成，不要引用原文的句子，篇幅控制在原文的三分之一或四分之一长。 7 2017 年上海市徐汇区高考二模英语试题 IV．Summary Writing Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Moustache（胡子） for Cash “Movember”, as the annual event is known, sees men in countries including the UK, US and Australia grow out their facial hair while collecting sponsorship money from friends, family and colleagues, with the money going to cancer charities. The month of no shaving began unofficially in 2003, when a pair of men from Australia persuaded their family to join them in growing a moustache in order to encourage men to get themselves checked for cancer, which is seen as distasteful by some males. A year later, the group decided to set up the Movember Foundation, asking friends and colleagues to offer donations of money to support their efforts, and raised a massive A$54,000 which was shared between a number of health projects. With thanks most likely to social media, Movember soon went global and the foundation now operates worldwide, having raised over ￡ 440 million since 2004. The effects of the fundraising are wide-reaching, which had made a significant discovery in the treatment of cancer. The issue of some men being too self-willed to visit their doctor for a checkup, or perhaps being raised in a culture of “tough it out”, has led some males to neglect their health, which may mean it could be too late if something potentially deadly did develop. However, Movember is helping to break down the shame of male health by making it more accessible, meaning that men are more likely to visit their doctors. They found a way to appeal to men in a way that other campaigns just don’t – with a sort of blokey① jokiness. ① blokey: behaving in a way that is supposed to be typical of men , especially men enjoying themselves in a group. 2016 年上海市徐汇区高考二模英语试题 Directions: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words. 8 Being a small business brings advantages the big ones can only dream of. Michael Heppell, author of the latest edition of “5 Star Service”, a book on customer service, has interesting take on this development. “I’m often amazed that smaller businesses think that the secret of success is to be more like the big ones, when in fact the opposite is true,” he said. He pointed to the very different stories of two fishmongers ( 鱼 贩 ) in his home town. Having served customers － including Heppell － for many years, the two were joined by a Tesco Extra, Waitrose and Marks & Spencer. The first fishmonger began to complain about these newly-arrived chains to the local press, and even his customers. He pointed out that he couldn’t compete with them on price and finally closed down. “Fishmonger two was different,” explained Heppell. “She worked hard to create a local brand and local loyalty. She would love to tell you about the fish, when and where it was caught and offer some little extras if you spent a few pounds more. She must have felt the effects of the three new arrivals in town but she didn’t complain once. She survived, and of course, since her competitor closed she’s never been busier.” Small businesses that want to grow should stop trying to imitate the big names, advised Heppell. “Find out what they don’t do that you can, and what you do that they can’t. The secret is by providing brilliant levels of service,” he went on to say. They should also start thinking about speed, believes Heppell, and realize that this can differentiate them from larger competitors. “Smaller businesses can often change faster, adapt more easily and manage trends more quickly than the big boys. However, looking at many smaller businesses the opposite appears to be true. What can you do to get a first mover advantage?” Too often smaller business leaders feel that they have to offer whatever the larger players are offering. They believe that having a narrower range is a disadvantage, but they need to realize that it actually offers them a competitive edge. The mindset of many smaller business owners must change. They need to focus on how to improve their own businesses and what their customers really want. “Because we’re small we can offer x, y and z. It’s because we’re local that we excel at a, b and c,” should be the message, said Heppell. (Note: Answer the questions and complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TWELVE WORDS.) 9 78. The first fishmonger complained about the newly-arrived chains because he thought __________. 79. The second fishmonger survived because she managed to _____________. 80. What are the two advantages that smaller businesses can have according to Heppell? 81. According to the passage, instead of trying to imitate the big names, smaller business owners should __________. 78. he couldn’t compete with them on price 79. create a local brand and local loyalty 80. Better service and faster speed. 81. focus on how to improve their own businesses and what customers want