专题07 概要写作“金纲”-备战2021年高考英语四大“金纲”写作专项突破（52）

二、概要写作 高考英语写作“金纲”（全国版） 实战演练二：阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。 ● Most people all over the world travel by the road. In a city in Italy, however, waterways make up the primary commuting routes. The city of Venice is best known for its canals. Unfortunately, this beautiful city of flat－bottomed boats (Gondolas), and churches is sinking and sinking fast. ● Known as the “Queen of the Adriatic”， Venice is situated on 120 islands formed by canals between the mouths of the Po and Piave Rivers. And even the bits of firm ground have rather boggy (泥泞的) foundations and all this slowly getting eroded (腐蚀的). ● The existing ground water table and the global climate changes that have raised sea levels by several inches, are proving its disaster for the city. As sea－ice melts and water levels rise, floods in Venice are getting from bad to worse. And buildings are already feeling the impact of this phenomenon, with their foundations literally being shaken. Take one of the most famous landmarks of Venice for example, the 900－year－old St. Basilica, now leans slightly to the left. ● Experts warn that the city may sink an additional eight inches in the next 50 years. Many scared residents have already started to move to drier regions in Italy's mainland. To deal with the flood threat, a group of Venetians, called the New Venice Consortium, has come up with “Project Moses”—a dam project named after the biblical figure, Moses. The idea is to place underwater gates at different points where the Adriatic Sea enters the lagoon (环礁湖). When the water is low, the gates will remain open and as the water rises, the gates will close, preventing the seawater from flooding Venice. However, some people disagree with this idea. Environmentalists point out that the gates would have to remain closed most of the time and seawater will not be able to move in and out of Venice. As a result, the lagoon water will become stagnant (停滞的), harming the fish and plants that live there. Until a viable solution is found out, Venice, it seems, would continue to be threatened by floods. Truly, a case of being caught between the devil and the deep sea! “金纲”九：【技法指导】 ● 本写作项目是概要写作，对一篇介绍某个地方的文章用简洁的语言概括原文的主题。这种文体通 常用第三人称，时态以一般现在时为主。在写作此类文章时，我们要注意的是，在概要中不要照 搬原文语句，而要用自己的语言，如恰当的同义词或同义句来代替原文的关键词、主旨句或段落 中心大意。 ● 在写作时要注意以下几点： ● 1．理清原文结构 . ● 了解文章的结构可以更好地为理解中心意思服务。 ● 2．抓中心词和大意 ● 找出原文的关键词、主旨句和各段落的大意，用词性转换、近义词替换、转换句型或者用概括的 语言(如名词性从句)简化描述的方法来重新组织文章；然后用衔接词或合并句子的方法让概要更 为流畅、凝练。 “金纲”十：【经典句式】 ● 1. 开头常用句式 ● (1)How well do you know the history of China? ● 你对中国的历史有怎样的了解？ ● (2)The local history of the area is fascinating. ● 这个地区的历史很令人着迷。 ● (3)．.. traces its history back to ... ● ……的历史可以追溯到…… ● 2．主体段落常用句式 ● (1)Covering an area of only about 100 square kilometers, the island serves as an important supporting point in military. ● 占地仅大约100平方公里，这个岛屿在军事方面承担着重要的补给功能的作用。 ● (2)Bordering the USA on the south, Canada faces the Atlantic Ocean on the east, the Arctic Ocean on the north and the Pacific Ocean on the west. ● 在南部与美国接壤，加拿大东临大西洋，北靠北冰洋，西濒太平洋。 ● (3)On the one hand, we should keep up our traditional life style. ● 另一方面，我们应该保留我们的传统生活方式。 ● 3．结尾常用句式 ● (1)We should restore and promote this tradition. ● 我们要恢复和发扬这个传统。 ● (2)We hope to see you elaborate and consolidate your tradition. ● 我们希望看到你们发展和巩固你们的传统。 ● (3)These events changed the course of history. ● 这些事件改变了历史的进程。 ● (4)This region is steeped in tradition. ● 这个地区有着深厚的传统。 精彩范文  ● Venice is facing the danger of sinking under water on account of the rise of seawater. (要点1)The foundations of the buildings are not solid and some famous building begin to slope. (要点2)Many residents have already started to move to drier regions because the city may sink an extra eight inches. (要点3) Some venetians have thought of ways, among which is “Project Moses”. But environmentalists point out the major problem of this project. (要点4) “金纲”十一：总评 ● 本篇范文按照原文写作顺序，将原文所表达的文章架构和中心思想，用简单而不失精致 的语言进行表达；同义词、同义句的转换也很精准。 ● 亮点呈现 ● (1)Venice is facing the danger of sinking under water on account of the rise of seawater.短语on account of的使用准确并令人耳目一新。 ● (2)Some venetians have thought of ways, among which is “Project Moses”．句中 使用“介词＋关系代词”结构，among which引导的定语从句使文章增加了高级感。 “金纲”十二：书写范文 ● 阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。 ● Manhattan is the heart of New York City. It is really an island, which is only 13 miles long and 2 miles wide. Seen from the air, it looks like a long finger, and from the sea, it is just like a picture we often see. ● On Manhattan are some of the most wonderful sights in the New York. What is the easiest way to see them? First, get a map of New York City, which is often supplied free at gas stations and tourist offices. You can take a bus tour, but a better way to see the sights is to walk, and you'll walk with your head thrown back so that you can look at the tall buildings rising like steep cliffs on both sides of the streets. ● It's not easy to get lost here. The streets of New York from squares are called blocks. Nearly all the streets are in straight lines, running from east to west. Those running from north to south are called avenues. Most of the avenues and streets have only numbers, of which the famous Fifth Avenue is the dividing line between the east and west in Manhattan. ● And here you'll see the Empire State Building. On the 102nd floor, over 1,400 feet above the ground, it is possible for you to see the area in which one in ten of all the people in America live. And from there, you can look down at the other huge skyscrapers, the United Nations' buildings, the Statue of Liberty in the harbour, Broadway—the longest street in the world but not the straightest, and the greatest ships in the world's biggest port. 实战演练三 ● 阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。 ● (2020·河北省保定市高一期末统考) Getting up early has been seen as a good habit since ancient times. Many years ago, people thought that if we went to bed early and got up early, we would be energetic(精力充沛的) the whole day. So, getting up early is of great importance to us all. ● In fact, morning is the best time of a day. In the morning, the air is the freshest and people are usually in the best condition. Many of us may have the experiences that we memorize some things more quickly and correctly in the morning than any other time of the day. And it is certain that we find it easier to understand what we learn. ● If we get up early and do some morning exercises or only take a short walk in the morning, without doubt we can build up our bodies and become much healthier. Also we will have enough time to make a plan and get ready for our work or study of the day if we get up early. For example, if everyone in the family gets up early, the wife will have enough time to prepare the breakfast for the whole family, children will have enough time to catch the school bus, and the husband will never forget to change his dirty shirt. Everything is in order. However, if we get up late, we'll probably have to do everything in a hurry. ● Getting up early is such a good habit that we should try our best to keep it. If we stick to(坚持) getting up early every day, we will certainly benefit a lot from it. 精彩范文 ● Since ancient times, great importance has been attached to getting up early.(要点 1) Firstly, morning is a fantastic time to enjoy the freshest air and have a more accurate memory.(要点2) Secondly, people who stick to physical exercise in the morning will be in better health.(要点3) Finally, getting up early can benefit us, enabling us to make good preparations for the day.(要点4)