人教版八年级英语下册Unit 3单词+知识梳理+词汇讲解+句型解析

人教版八年级英语下册 Unit 3 单词+知识梳理+词汇讲解+句型解析 单词： rubbish [ˈrʌbɪʃ] n. 垃圾，废物 take out the rubbish 倒垃圾 fold [fəʊld] v. 对折，折叠 mess [mes] n. 混乱，脏乱，食堂 throw [θrəʊ] v. 扔，投掷 all the time 频繁，反复 neither [ˈni:ðə] pron.adv. 二者都不；也不 shirt [ʃə:t] n. 运动衫，衬衫 as soon as 一…就…，尽快 pass [pɑ:s] v. 前行，经过，批准 borrow ['bɒrəʊ] v. 借，借用 lend [lend] v. 借给，借出 finger [ˈfiŋgə(r)] n. 手指 hate [heɪt] v. 憎恶，讨厌 chore [tʃɔ:(r)] n. 杂务，乏味的工作 while [wail] conj. 当...时候，而，然而 snack [snæk] n. 小吃，点心，快餐 stress [stres] n. 精神压力，心理负担 waste [weɪst] v. 浪费，消耗 in order to 目的是，为了 provide [prə\\\\'vaid] v. 提供，供给，供应 anyway [ˈeniwei] adv. 无论如何,不管怎样，而且 depend [diˈpend] v. 取决于，依靠，依赖 depend on 依靠于 develop [dɪˈveləp] v. 发展，壮大，开发，研制 independent [ˌindiˈpendənt] adj. 独立自主的，不受约束的 independence [ˌɪndɪ'pendəns] n. 独立 fair [fɛə] adj. 公平的，公正的 unfair [ˌʌnˈfeə] adj. 不公平的，有偏见的 fairness [ˈfeənɪs] n. 公正性，合理性 since [sɪns] conj. 因为，既然 neighbor [ˈneɪbə] n. 邻居 take care of 照顾，处理 ill [il] adj. 生病的，有病的 drop [drɔp] v. 落下，跌落 知识梳理 【重点短语】 1.go out for dinner 出去吃饭 2.stay out late 在外面待到很晚 3.go to the movies 去看电影 4.get a ride 搭车 5.work on 从事 6.finish doing sth. 完成做某事 7.clean and tidy 干净整洁的 8.do the dishes 洗餐具 9.take out the rubbish 倒垃圾 10.fold your/the clothes 叠衣服 11.sweep the floor 扫地 12.make your/the bed 整理床铺 13.clean the livng room 打扫客厅 14.no problem 没问题 15.welcome sb. 欢迎某人 16.come home from school/work 放学/下班回家 17.throw down 扔下 18.sit down 坐下 19.come over 过来 20.take sb. for a walk 带某人去散步 21.all the time 一直;总是 22.all day/evening 整曰/夜 23.do housework 做家务 24.shout back 大声回应 25.walk away 走开 26.share the housework 分担家务 27.a comfortable home 一个舒适的家 28.in surprise 惊讶地 29.get something to drink 拿点喝的东西 30.watch one show 观看一个节目 31.hang out 闲逛 32.pass sb. sth. 把某物传给某人 33.lend sb. sth. 把某物借给某人 34.get sth. wet 使某物弄湿 35. hate to do sth. 讨厌做某事 36.do chores 做杂务 37.help sb. (to ) d o /with sth•帮助某人干某事 38.bring a tent 带顶帐篷来 39.buy some snacks 买些小吃 40.go to the store 去商店 41.invite sb. to a party 邀请某人参加聚会 42.make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事 43.enough stress 足够的压力 44.a waste of time 浪费时间 45.in order to 为了 46.get good grades 取得好成绩 47.mind doing sth. 介意做某事 48.depend on 依赖;依靠 49.develop children's independence 发展孩子的独立性 50.look after/take care of 照顾；照看 51.do one's part in (doing ) sth. 做某人分内的事 【重点句型】 1.Could you please clean your room? 你能打扫一下你的房间吗？ 2. I have to do some work. 我必须干些活。 3. Could I use your computer? 我可以用一下你的电脑吗？ 4. She won't be happy if she sees this mess. 如果她看到这样乱七八糟的话，她会不高兴 的。 5. For one week, she did not do any housework and neither did I. 整整一周，她什么家务 活都不干了，我也一样。 6. My mom came over as soon as I sat down in front of the TV .我一在电视机前坐下，我妈 妈就过来了。 7. I hate to do chores. 我不喜欢做杂务。 词汇讲解 1. as a result as a result 为习惯短语，意为“因此；结果”，在句中作状语。例如： He didn’t practise, and as a result he lost. 他没有练习，所以输了。 The traffic was very heavy and as a result we didn’t arrive on time. 交通十分拥挤， 因此我们没有能准时到达。 【拓展】 as a result of 意为“由于……；作为……的结果”。先交代结果，再用 as a result of 连接原因。 例如：We can’t go out as a result of the heavy rain. 因为下大雨，我们不能出去。 2. waste （1）waste 作不可数名词，意为“浪费，废物，垃圾”。例如： I hate waste. 我讨厌浪费。 （2）waste 作形容词，意为“无用的，浪费的，荒废的”。例如： We shouldn’t throw waste paper about. 我们不应该乱扔废纸。 A factory is pouring waste water into the river. 一家工厂正在向河里倾倒废水。 （3）waste 作及物动词，意为“浪费”。例如： We shouldn’t waste the time. 我们不应该浪费时间。 3. pass （1）pass 作动词，意为“经过，传递”。例如： The school bus passed our garden. 校车经过了我们的花园。 Please pass me the book. 请把书递给我。 （2）pass 作名词，意为“关口，通过”。例如： He has got a pass mark. 他达到了及格标准。 4. borrow＆lend （1）borrow 意为“借，借用”；反义词是 lend（借出）。 “borrow…from”意为“从……借（入）……”。 I often borrow books from the library. 我经常从图书馆里借书。（2）“lend…to”意 为“把……借（出）……”。例如： I lend my book to Lily. 我把我的书借给莉莉了。 5. depend depend 意思为“依靠、依赖、取决于”等，只用作不及物动词，通常与介词 on, upon 连用，主要用法有： （1）depend on/upon＋某人或某物例如： Whether we’ll go camping depends on the weather. 我们是否去野营要看天气。 有时可在某人或某物后用介词 for。例如： Children depend on their parents for food and clothing. 儿童的衣食靠父母。 （2）depend on [upon]＋从句 例如： Our success depends on whether everyone works hard or not. 我们的成功取决于每个人是否努力。 The amount you pay depends on where you live. 你付多少钱要看你住什么地方。 （3）口语中说 It (all) depends. /That depends.意为“那要看情况”。例如： - Are you going too? 你也去吗? －That depends. 那要看情况。 depend on 意为“视……而定；取决于；依靠”，其后可跟名词、代词或从句作宾语， on 也可以换为 upon。例如： －When shall we start? 我们什么时候动身？ －It depends on(upon) the weather. 依天气情况而定。 He depended on his uncle after his father died. 父亲去世后，他依靠他的叔叔。 6. while （1）while 作连词时，可以意为“当……时候, 和……同时”。例如： Our friends arrived while we were having dinner. 当我们吃饭的时候，朋友们来了。 （2）while 还可作并列连词，意为“而，然而”，表示两者之间的对比。例如： I like listening to music, while my brother likes doing sports. 我喜欢听音乐，而我的弟弟爱好运动。 7. provide provide 为及物动词，意为“提供”，常和 with 搭配。provide sb. with sth.表示“为某人 提供某物”，其同意表达为 provide sth. for sb.。例如： The Sun provides us with light and heat. 太阳给我们提供光和热。 Sheep provide us with wool. /Sheep provide wool for us. 羊供给我们羊毛。 8. since （1）since 作介词，意为“从…以来; 自从…之后”。例如： She has been ill since last weekend. 她自从上周末就病了。 She has been in Wuhan since four years ago. 自从四年前她就在武汉。 （2）since 作连词，可以意为“因为; 既然; 由于”。例如： Since it is late I shall go home now. 由于时间晚了, 我现在要回家了。 Since you are so sure of it he’ll believe you. 既然你对此这么有把握, 他会相信你的。 练一练： Ⅰ.英汉互译。 1. as a result _________ 2. 依靠，依赖________ 3. 目的是，为了_______ 4. take care of _______ 5. in surprise _________ 6. 倒垃圾_________ 7. come over _________ 8. 闲逛，溜达________ 9. provide sth. for sb. _______10. all the time _____ Ⅱ. 根据首字母或者汉语提示补全单词。 1. Jack p______ the ball very quickly in basketball games. 2. I b_______ a book from the library yesterday. 3. _______ (既然) everyone is here, let’s begin our class. 4. －Sandy, could you please take the r_______? －No problem. 5. What a _______ (杂乱)！You should clean up your bedroom at once. 6. The hotel will p_______ free breakfast for guests. 7. Don’t w______ money to buy something useless. 8. She lives next to my house. We are n_______. 9. I like singing w_______ my sister likes dancing. 10. Nowadays most people have too much _______ (精神压力). Ⅲ. 用括号中单词的正确形式填空。 1. I like to sweep the floor but I hate_______ (do) the dishes. 2. When did you finish ________ (write) the book? 3. We should learn to be ________ (independence). 4. China and India are ________ (develop) countries. 5. They challenged him about the _______ (fair) of his remarks. 6. Her mother often ________(help) her ________(fold) the clothes. Look! She ________(fold) the clothes for her now. 7. My mom ________(get) angry with me when I forgot to clean the room. 8. I called you yesterday, but you ________(not, be) in. 9. My friend, Mike, enjoys ________(cook) very much. 10. －May I use your computer? －Sorry, I ________(work) on it now. 参考答案 Ⅰ.英汉互译。 1. 因此，结果 2. depend on 3. in order to 4. 照料，爱护 5. 惊讶地 6. take out the rubbish 7. 过来，顺便来访 8. hang out 9. 给某人提供某物 10. 总是，反复，频繁的 Ⅱ. 根据首字母或者汉语提示补全单词。 1. passes 2. borrowed 3. Since 4. rubbish 5. mess 6. provide 7. waste 8. neighbors 9. while 10. stress Ⅲ. 用括号中单词的正确形式填空 1. to do / doing 2. writing 3. independent 4. developing 5. fairness 6. helps; (to) fold; is folding 7. got 8. weren’t 9. cooking 10. am working 重点句型解析 1. Could you please clean your room? （1）“Could + 主语 + please + 动词原形 + 其他？”这一句型相当于“Could + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他，please？”意为“请……，好吗？”。这两种句型均表示礼貌的请求，语 气委婉，客气。其中 could 在此句中不表示过去，而表示说话人的语气委婉。因此回答时， 不能用 could 回答。例如： Could you please help me with my English? = Could you help me with my English, please? 请你帮我学英语好吗？ －Could I have a look at it, please? 请让我看一看它好吗？ －Certainly！当然可以。 2. They should …in order to get good grades and get into a good university. （1）本句中的 in order to 是一个固定搭配的短语，意思是“为了”，后接动词原形构 成不定式结构在句子中作目的状语，否定形式是在 to 前面加 not。in order to 可以和 so as to 互换，但后者不能放在句首。例如： In order not to be late, you should go now. 为了不迟到，你现在应该走。 （2）in order to+动词原形和 so as to+动词原形可以转换成 in order that+从句和 so that+ 从句。例如： He did anything in order to make money. = He did anything in order that he could make money. 为了赚钱，他什么都做。 Please go in quietly so as not to wake the baby. =Please go in quietly so that we won’t wake the baby. 请不声不响地进去以免弄醒孩子。 3. For one week, she did not do any housework and neither did I. “neither +be 动词/助动 词/情态动词 + 主语”表示“……也不”，指后者与前者具有相同的情况，但是表示的是否 定意义的相同。相当于一个主谓倒装的否定句。neither 此处意为“也不”，是副词。例如： Mary doesn’t like singing. Neither do I. 玛丽不喜欢唱歌，我也不喜欢。（我和 Mary 有相同的情况，前句是否定句，下文 用 neither 开头，主谓倒装） 如果上文是肯定句，下文表示与上文有相同情况时，用“so+ be 动词/助动词/情态 动词 + 主语”。例如： Mary likes singing. So do I. 玛丽喜欢唱歌。我也喜欢。（我和 Mary 有相同情况，前句是肯定句，下文用 so 开 头，主谓倒装） 【拓展】 当表示对上文所讲内容的赞同时，可以用“so + 主语 + be 动词/助动词/情态动词”或 者“neither + 主语 + be 动词/助动词/情态动词”来表示。前者用于肯定句，后者用于否定 句。例如： Mary plays the piano well. So she does. 玛丽钢琴弹得很好。她确实弹得好。(表示对上文所讲内容的赞同，前句是肯定句， 下文用 so 开头，主谓不倒装) Mary doesn’t play the piano well. Neither she does. 玛丽钢琴弹的不好。她确实弹得不好。（表示对上文内容的赞同，前句是否定句， 下文用 neither 开头，主谓不倒装） 4. And she won’t be happy if she sees this mess. （1）本句中 if 后面的部分是这个句子中的条件状语从句。在以 when，after，as soon as 等引导的时间状语从句以及以 if，unless 等引导的条件状语从句中，如果主句是一般将来时， 从句则用一般现在时表将来。例如： I’ll tell her the good news when she comes back. 当她回来的时候，我将把这个好消息告诉她。 If it doesn’t rain, he will come here on time. 如果不下雨，他会按时来这儿的。 常见的“主将从现”有以下三种情况： 1）条件状语从句的主句是一般将来时，那么从句常常用一般现在时。例如： When I grow up, I’ll be a nurse and look after patients. 我长大后要当一名护士，照 顾病人。 2）如果主句是祈使句，那么从句通常要用一般现在时。 例如： Don’t laugh at me when I make a mistake. 我犯错误的时候不要笑话我。 3）如果主句是含有情态动词的一般现在时，根据需要从句多用一般现在时。例如： You should be quiet when you are in the reading room. 在阅览室时应保持安静。 5. I do not understand why some parents make their kids help with housework and chores at home. 本句中的 make 作使役动词，意为“使……；让……”讲时，常构成 make sb. do sth. 意 为“使/让某人做某事”，类似的动词还有 let，have 等。例如： The boss made them work for long time. 老板让他们长时间工作。 They made us forget past. 他们使我们忘记了过去。 Their boss often let them work long hours every day. 他们老板经常让他们每天工作 很长时间。 【拓展】 make 作使役动词，还可以构成：make + 宾语(sb./sth.) + 形容词/名词（作宾补），即 make sb. / sth. + adj./n.。例如： What he said makes us happy. 他所说的话使我们很高兴。 We made John our monitor. 我们选约翰当班长。 练一练： Ⅰ. 句型转换。 A）按要求转换句型。 1. Could you help me clean the living room? (作肯定回答) ________, ________. 2. Thanks for helping me with my homework. (改为同义句) Thanks for ______ me ______ ______ my homework. 3. My brother hates cooking at home. (对划线部分提问) ________ _______ your brother hate ________ at home? 4. Could I use your DVD player? (同义句转换) Could I _______ the DVD player _______ you? 5. She has to do her homework at home. (改为否定句) She _______ _______ to do her homework at home. B）同义句转换。 6. I will take care of your sister while you are away. I will _______ _______ your sister while you are away. 7. She agreed to help me learn cooking. She agreed to help me _______ cooking. 8. The school will provide free textbooks for us. The school will provide _______ ________ free textbooks. 9. To swim in the river is very dangerous. _______ dangerous ______ _______ in the river. 10. I arrived at the theatre early so that I could get good seat. I arrived at the theatre early ______ _____ ______ get a good seat. Ⅱ. 根据句意完成下列句子，每空一词。 1. 他不喜欢游泳。我也不喜欢。 He doesn’t like swimming. _______ _______ _______. 2. 如果你努力学习，你就能学好英语。 You will learn English well if you _______ _______. 3. 我们将向他们提供吃的和喝的。 We’ll _______ food and drink _______ them. 4. 你拥有的朋友越多，你就越快乐。 The _______ friends you have, the _______ you will be. 5. 这个令人激动的消息让我们很激动。 The _______ news _______ us very _______. 6. 我想星期天邀请他们来参加晚会。 I want to ___________ them ___________ the party on Sunday. 7. 你把你的词典借给我好吗？ _____ you _____ ____ me your _____? 8. 为了不再迟到，她今天早上起得很早。 She got up early this morning _____ ____ ____ ____ be late again. 9. 我们应该保持我们的教室干净整洁。 We should keep our classroom _____ ____ ____. 10. 他们还太小，不得不依靠父母。 They are too young so they have to ____ ____ their parents. Ⅲ. 补全对话。 A. A scarf is interesting． B. That sounds good． C. Why don’t you get her a pet cat? D. It’s too personal． E. How can I get to her house? F. At least 20 dollars． G. What should I get her? A：My friend Kate invited me to her birthday party． 1 、 B：How about an album? A： 2 How much is an album? B： 3 A：That’s too expensive．I don’t have enough money for it． B：Oh． 4 A：No，no．She doesn’t like cats． B：I see．What about a scarf? A： 5 B：Does she like flowers? Maybe flowers are wonderful． A：Great! I will buy some for her．Thank you． 参考答案 Ⅰ. 句型转换。 A）1. Yes, sure 2. helping, to do 3. What does; doing 4. borrow; from 5. doesn’t have B）6. look after / care for 7. with 8. us with 9. It’s, to swim 10. in order to Ⅱ. 根据句意完成下列句子，每空一词。 1. Neither do I 2. work hard 3. provide, for 4. more, happier 5. exciting, made, excited 6. invite, to 7. Could, please lend, dictionary 8. in order not to 9. clean and tidy 10. depend on Ⅲ. 补全对话。 1-5: GBFCD