高二英语选修6unit5语法讲解配有答案

高二英语选修六 unit5 知识点复习与巩固 一． Summing up&Checking yourself: a)Phrases 1. __________________ 一次火山爆发 2. __________________活火山 3. ___________________ 把……和……进行比较 ____________________把……比作…… 4. ____________________ 设想做某事 5. ____________________冒险 _____________________.冒险做某事 6. ______________________碰到、遇到某人 7. ______________________使某人/自己激动 8. ______________________保护……免遭…… 9. ______________________ 被警告（不要）去做某事 ______________________警告某人有危险 10. ______________________ 把……搬离…… 11. _______________________ 全部焚毁 12. _______________________ 多得多，多很多 13. _______________________第一次看见…… 14. _______________________ 睡得很熟 15.________________________ 正要做某事……就在这时…… 16. ________________________ 亮如白昼 17. _______________________在远处（大范围的） ________________________(有间隔的)在远处（的具体某地） 18. _________________________在山的一边 19. ________________________ 近距离的观看(某物) 20. ________________________陷入恐慌（状态） __________________________陷入恐慌（动作） 21. __________________________ 前往……. 22. ______________________________爬进…… 23. ____________________________ 对……怀着热情 24. ____________________________ 对……感到惊讶 25. ______________________________使某人大吃一惊 26. _____________________________努力做某事 27. ______________________________ 失业 28. _______________________________ 天上的湖（天池） 29. ______________________________茂密的森林 30. ______________________________自然保护区 31. ______________________________ 由……到……不等 32. ______________________________多种多样 33. ________________________________ 沐浴 34. ________________________________. 生小孩 35. ________________________________ 匆匆看一遍 36. _________________________________ 对某人/某物厌烦 37. _________________________________取消和某人的约会 b)Sentences 1.Haveyoueverconsidered________________________________________ __?你有没有想过，与火山、飓风和地震比起来，人类是多么软弱？ 2.______________________________________, I help other scientists to predict where lava from the volcano will flow next and how fast it will flow . 收集和评估这些信息之后，我就帮助其他科学家一起预测熔岩接着将往何处流，流速是 多少。 3. I __________________________,when suddenly my bedroom became as bright as day . 我刚要再睡，突然我的卧室亮如白昼。 4._______________________________________________ , I am still amazed at their beauty as well as their potential to cause great damage . 我现在已经从事火山研究 20 多年了，但我仍然惊羡于它们的美丽以及它们潜在的巨大破 坏性。 5. The height of the land _____________________________________.and is home to a great diversity of plants and animals . 这里地面的高度由海拔 700 米到 2，000 米不等，是多种多样动植物的生长地。 6. It is said that the boy , _______________________________________, is the father of Manchu. 据说这个男孩就是满族人的祖先，他具有语言天赋和很强的说服力。 7_______(与…相比之下) most woman, she was indeed very fortunate. 8. I’ll __________（努力） to arrive on time. 9.He ___________（匆匆看一遍） the list and chose one immediately. 10. With these words, the speaker _________（前往）towards the exit of the hall. 二.Learning tip 分词做状语（单元语法讲解） 分词是动词的三种非限定形式之一，分为两种：现在分词和过去分词。现在分词的形式 是“动词原形+ing”;规则的过去分词在动词原形后加“ed”。分词也具有动词的特征， 有时态和语态的变化，并可带状语宾语等。分词的否定式在分词前加 not (例如：not whishing, not having received). 分词做状语时表示的动作是主语的一部分，与谓语表示的 动作（或状态）是同时或几乎同时发生的，有时先于谓语的动作发生。分词做状语一般 于其他成分用逗号分开。分词可以做时间，原因，方式，条件，结果，目的，让步等状 语。由于该语法对高中生做题过程中易出错，特此提出一些做题思路，以备同学们参考： 分词（do） 形式 含义 现在分词 doing 主动，进行 being done 被动，进行 having done 主动，完成 having been done 被动，完成 过去分词 done 1.被动 2.完成 3 被动，完成 1． 题型结构： _______________________，S+V+O.（多把表时间，原因，条件，目的状语等放句前） S+V+O,_________________________. （表结果，伴随的状语等放句后） 逗号前后没有连词连接（and, but, when, as, where, however,等），就构成了非谓语做状 语的基本前提，现在分词的主动式主要是与句中主语逻辑上的一种主谓关系（），现在分 词的被动式主要是与句中主语逻辑上的一种动宾关系；现在分词的进行式是指分词所表 示的动作（或状态）与句中动作同时或几乎同时发生，现在分词的完成式是指分词所表 示的动作（或 状态）一定先于句中谓语动作发生。 Eg.1. Seeing from the hilltop, he was delighted to see a wonderful view. 主动关系 同时关系 此句中，逗号前后无连词连接故不能同时出现两个简单句，see 逻辑主语是 he, 他们之间是一种主谓关系（主动），see 动作与 be delighted to see 几乎是同时性（同 时），因此 seeing(主动，进行)符合要求，相当与一个时间状语从句：when he saw from the hilltop, he was delighted to see a wonderful view。 2.Seen from the hilltop, the valley looked like a wonderland.(从山顶上看去，峡谷宛若 仙境。) 在本句中，see 与 the valley 构成了逻辑上的动宾关系即 可理解为“峡谷”是被看 的，而峡谷的美（宛若仙境）是本身存在的事实，因此用过去分词强调 see 与主语 the valley 的 被动关系即可。 3. Seen from the pagoda, the south foot of the Purple Mountain is a sea of trees. 从这个塔上远眺，紫金山南麓是树的海洋。 4. Having written an important letter, I listened to the music for a while. 此句中 write 与 I 是逻辑上的主谓关系（主动），write 动作先于句中 listen to the music 的动作，故用 having written(主动，完成)作状语。 5．Having been written in haste, the essay was not worth reading. 此句中 the essay 与 write 是被动关系，write 动作先于 be worth reading 之前 是 同时强调被动完成，所以选用 Having been written(被动，完成)，该分词表原因。 为了使同学们更好地理解，特分类如下： 1) 作时间状语时相当与 when 引导的时间状语从句。 这类状语通常放在句子的前半部分,也可至于句子后面，若两个动作同时发生，可在 分词前用 when 或 while 表示强调。 Eg. Hearing the news, they immediately set off for Shanghai. (When they heard the news ,they……) When leaving the airport, they waved again and again to us. Having finished his homework, he watched TV for a while. 2) 作原因状语相当于 as, since, because 引导的从句，这类状语多放在句子的前半部 分。 Eg: Being a layman in matters of culture, I would like to study them. .(As I am a layman in matters of culture, I would like to study them. ) The doctor, not wanting to make the patient nervous, did not explain the seriousness of his illness. 3) 作条件状语相当于 if, unless 等引导的从句 这类状语一般放在句子的前半部分。 Eg: Turning to the right, you will find a path leading to his cottage.(If you turn to the right, you…… ) United we stand, divided we fall. 团结就是胜利，分裂必然失败。 4）作让步状语相当于 though ,even if 等引导的从句。表示让步的状语要放句前，一 般不可放在句尾，但前有连词时例外。 Admitting what she has said, I still think that she hasn’t tried her best.(A though I admit what she has said, I still think……)尽管承认她所说的话，但我仍然认为她没 有尽最大的努力。 Granting his honesty, we still can’t employ him.就算他是诚实的，我们也不能雇佣 他。 4) 作方式或伴随状语不能用状语从句替换，但可以改成并列句，通常放句后。 He walked down the hill, singing softly to himself. (He walked down the hill and sang softly to himself.) Kneeling and shutting her eyes, she prayed to the goddess. She stood by the window watching the sunsets. The boy run home , crying 5) 作结果状语相当于 so that 引导的从句。这类状语通常放在句子的后半部分，并 有逗号同前面的句子成分隔开，长可以译为“于是，所以，或因此”等。这种 分词的逻辑主语即可以是句子的主语，也可以是前边的整个句子，如果逻辑主 语是前边的整个句子，其作用相当于一个非限制性定语从句。 Eg: The old scientist died all of a sudden, leaving the project unfinished. He turned off the lamp,(thereby) seeing nothing. The output of steel increased by 15% last year, reaching 30,000 tons. 以上是我们对分词做状语简单了解，但在具体作题中会碰到很多问题，如何准确判 断，总结如下： 1） 有一类题，和分词做状语结构相似，但他是一种独立成分做状语，无需考虑逻 辑主语的主被动关系，动作的完成或同时，所以称之为独立成分，请牢记以下 内容： According to……… (根据……) Judging from/by………(由…判断) Considering………(鉴于) Provided/providing that……（如果） Compared to/with……(与…相比较) Supposing that……(假设，如果) Generally speaking…… 一般说来 Frankly speaking…… 坦白地说 Properly speaking…… 正确的说来 To tell you the truth……说实话 Taking…into consideration 考虑到 Seeing…… 考虑到 Saving…… 除了，除非 Assuming…… 假使 Admitting…… 虽说，即使 Given…… 如果 Eg: Given another chance ,I’ll do it better. Given time, he’ll make a first class writer.(2003,北京，28) Judging from his accent, he is from the north. Considering your age, you’d better live with your son. Generally speaking, the more expensive the camera, the better its quality. 2)另一类题是由 be +p.p.+ prep+n/pron/v-ing，要么是被动语态，要么是表一种 状态，此结构，一般情况去 be 后，可把分词直接用做状语。 be satisfied with be excited about be pleased with be surprised at be married to be engaged to be accepted by be followed by be faced with be driven by be interested in be lost in thought be used to/as/for be armed with be surrounded by be born in be dressed in eg: be filled with be covered with/by …………… 练一练： A.作时间状语： eg.)①_______ (hear) the bad news, they couldn’t help crying. = _______________, they couldn’t help crying. ②When/ While( _____ _____ ) ____ (take) around the city, we were deeply impressed by the city’s new look. While/When (I was) _____ (wander) through the square, I caught sight of a snake-charmer. ③_______ (finish) his work, he went home. B.作原因状语： Eg.) ①_____ (be poor), he could not afford to travel abroad. ________ (encourage) by his heroic deeds, they worked harder. _______ (lose) in thought, he almost ran into a post. ________ (frighten) by the big forest fire, the animals all ran away. _____ (not know) her address, we couldn’t get in touch with her. ②______ (never be) to the city, he soon got lost. _________ (not receive) his letter, I decided to call him up. C.方式/伴随状语; Eg.) 1.The teacher stood there, ______ (surround) by a lot of students. 1 surrounded D.作条件状语： Eg.)①______ (give) another chance, I would have done the job far better. =______________ , I would have done the job far better. E.作结果状语：(意料中的结果) Eg.)① The hunters fired, _____(shoot) one of the wolves. ②The bus was held up by the snowstorm, thus _____ (cause) the delay. 区别: 不定式表示意外的结果 eg.) He hurried to the station, only ____ (find) the train had left. 分词作状语时, 需注意事项: A.分词短语作状语时,它的逻辑主语通常应是________ : ____ (see) from the hill, the city is beautiful. ___ (see) from the hill, you can see the whole city. A 句中主语，seen, seeing 高考链接： （2007，浙江，20）________ by a greater demand for vegetables, farmers have built more green house. A． Driven B .Being driven C. To drive D. Having driven。 2.（2004 北京 29）__________in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had his wallet at home . A To wait B have waited C Having waited D To have waited 三．Reading for fun Mr. Briggs got a job with an insurance company(保险公司) after he left school and went around visiting people in their homes to sell them life insurance. One day, after he had been working for the company for about a year, the insurance manager sent for him and said, “Mr. Briggs, I have been looking at your record as a salesman with our company, and there is one thing that surprises me about it. Why have you been selling insurance only to people over 95 years old, and why have you been giving them such generous（宽厚的）conditions? You’ll ruin our company if you go on like that.” “Oh, no, sir,” answered Mr. Briggs at once, “Before I started work, I looked at the figures(数字) for deaths in this country during the past ten years, and I can tell you that few people die at the age of 95.” Keys: 一．phrases 1. a volcano erupting 2. an active / a live volcano 3. compare ……with …… compare……to…… 4. imagine doing sth. 5. take risks / a risk risk doing sth. 6. meet with sb. 7. excite sb./oneself 8. protect sb. / sth. from… 9. be warned (not) to do sth. warn sb. of danger 10. move sth. out of the way 11. burn to the ground 12. far more (=much more) 13. the first sight of… 14. be fast asleep 15. be about to do sth. … when… 16. as bright as day 17. in the distance） at a / some distance） 18. in the side of the mountain 19. have a much closer look ( at sth.) 20. be in a panic get into a panic 21. make one’s way to … 22. climb down into… 23. be enthusiastic about… 24. be amazed at … 25. take sb. by surprise 26. make an effort to do sth. 27. be out of work 28. (the) Lake of Heaven 29. thick forest 30. nature reserve 31. vary from … to 32. a great diversity of 33. take a bath 34. give birth to sb. 35. glance through 36. be bored with sb. / sth. 37. cancel one’s appointment with sb. 二． 1. how weak humans are compared with a volcano , hurricane or earthquake？ 2. Having collected and evaluated the information , 3. was about to go back to sleep 4. Having studied volcanoes now for more than twenty years , 5. varies from 700 metres above sea level to over 2,000 metres 6. who had a great gift for language and persuasion , 7.Compared with 8.make an effort 9.glanced through 10.made his way Keys: 练一练： A.作时间状语： 1Hearing, When they heard the bad news, 2.we were taken, wandering. 3. Having finished, B.作原因状语： 1.Being poor, Encouraged, Lost, Frightened Not knowing, 2. Never being, Nhaving received C.方式/伴随状语; 1 surrounded D.作条件状语： 1. Given ,If I was given another chance E.作结果状语：(意料中的结果) 1.shootingt ,2 causing .to find 分词作状语时, 需注意事项: A 句中主语，Seen, Seeing 高考链接： 1 句意：由于受到更大蔬菜量需求的推动，农民修建了更多的温室。根据 by，判断是 be +p.p.+ prep.结构表被动，排除 C 和 D，根据后边的完成时态，驱动力已经有了，不 是正在推动，故选 A。 2 先排除 B，B 项只能做谓语动词而，wait 与 Tom 是逻辑上的主谓关系（即主动），而 排队很久后才发现没带钱包，所以 wait 动作先发