牛津英语5A英语语法 (五)代词

牛津英语 5A 英语语法(五)代词 一代词：代词是代替名词以及起名词作用的短语、分句和句子的词。 二代词的种类： 1. 人称代词主格 I , you, he, she, it, we, you, they 宾格 me, you, him, her, it, us, you , them 2. 物主代词形容词性的物主代词 my, your, his , her, its, our, your ,their 名词性的物主代词 mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, yours, theirs 3. 反身代词 myself, herself, themselves… 4. 相互代词有：each other, one another… 5. 提示代词有：this , that , these , those , those… 6. 疑问代词 who, what, whose… 7. 关系代词 which, that, who… 8. 连接代词 what, who, whose… 9. 不定代词没有指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词叫做不定代词 all, each, both, either, neither, one, any… 10. 指示代词 that, this ,these, those 三代词的使用方法 1. 人称代词是表示"我"、"你"、"他"、"她"、"它"、"我们"、"你们"、"他 们"的词。人称代词有人称、数和格的变化。物主代词表示所有关系的代 词，也可叫做代词所有格。物主代词分形容性物主代词和名词性物主代 词二种。表示"我自己"、"你自己"、"他自己"、"我们自己"、"你们自己" 和"他们自己"等的代词，叫做自身代词，也称为"反身代词"。详件见下表： 人称代词 物主代词 反身代词 主格 宾格 形容词性 物主代词 名词性 物主代词 第一人 称 单 数 I me my mine myself 复 数 we us our ours ourselves 第二人 称 单 数 you you your yours yourself 复 数 you you your yours yourselves 第三人 单 he him his his himself 称 数 she her her hers herself it it its its Itself 复 数 they them their theirs themselves 句法功能 作主语,其中 she 指 带代国家,it可 指 代天气时间等。 作宾语介 词宾语表 语 作定语 作主语,宾 语, 介词宾语,表 语 书信 yours… 作宾语,介 词 宾语,表语 主 语同为语 根据上表的例句如下： She doesn’t believe us. When he arrived, John went straight to the bank.. You’ll find your books among mine on the bookshelf. -Who is it? -It’s me. Our room is on the first floor, and theirs is on the second. They think too much of themselves. A week later, I myself had to go to Paris. Help yourself! We cook for ourselves. I saw her with them, at least, I thought it was her. The cap is Jack’s. 注意：在连续使用两个以上人称代词时，通常单数 you放在第一位， I 放 在最后；复数 we放在第一位，they放在最后。简单记成：单数 2,3,1，复 数 1,2,3 。都是三人称，女后男在先。例如： You and I can help each other. They couldn’t have seen Tom and me there. You, Tom and I are leaving next month. You or they must pass the exam. We, you and they should go there together. 2. 疑问代词(who, whom, which, what, whose) 用来构成疑问句，在句中可 以起名词词组作用。指人： who, whom, whose指物： what既可指人又 可指物： which ①who与 whom. (whom是 who的宾格) Who told you the truth?Whom are you talking with? ②whose, which, what(在非限定的数量中选择用 what,在限定的数量中选 择 which) Whose book is this? What was the directional flow of U. S. territorial expansion? Which book you like better, the English book or the Chinese book? What are you reading now? What’s your father? Whose books are these on the desk? 注意：疑问代词用于对介词宾语提问时，过去的文体中介词和疑问代词 通常一起放在句首，现代英语中，疑问代词在句首，介词在句未。 For what do most students study?What are you looking for? 3. 指示代词 this, these, that , those被用作名词中心词的修饰语时属于限定 词，而单独用来代替名词词组时是代词。 This is the bus we want.Put these in your bag. My idea is this.How do you think of this idea? 注意：that和 those有时用来代表前面提到的名词，以避免重复。 The best coal is that from Newcastle. Those who wish to go may sign up here. 4. 不定代词用法辨析 neither…nor… 没有…也没有 either… or… 不是…就是… both两者都… one… the other… 两个中的一个,另一个 another 再一个,又一个 every 作定语,每一个. (可以形成合成词 everybody everything…) each每一个,一个个的加以考虑时用. None 否定意思,"没有一个…" 5．其它代词在高中部分会有进一步讲解。 练习题： 1. The weather in Guangzhou is hotter than ________ in Shenyang. A. that B. It C. this D. one 2. Mr. Green is our English teacher. _____comes from U. S. A. A. he B. she C. it D. they 3. My bike is broken. May I borrow________? A. you B. yourself C. yours D. your 4. Would you like some tea? Yes, just_________--. A. a few B. few C. a little D. little bit 5. Would you like some tea or coffee? _________. Thanks, I’ve had enough. A. either B. neither C. some D. both 6. I bought ___________ exercise books with __________ money. A. a few, a few B. a few, a little C. a little, a few D. a little, a little 7. I made the cake by ____________. Help __________, Tom. A. ourselves, yourself B. myself, yourself C. myself, you D. me, him 8. Enjoy_____________, May and Mary. A. yourself B. myself C. yourselves D. themselves 9. _____________ house is this ?It’s mine. A. What B. Who C. Whose D. Whose 10. She is a student and ____________ name is Mary. A. she B. her C. hers D. his 11. She will go skating and I will do _________. A. such B. same C. the same as D. the same 12. __________ is he?He is a bus driver. A. who B. which C. that D. what 13. _____ hat is this?It’s __________. A. Whose, me B. Who, mine C. Whom, his D. Whose, mine 14. The population of China is larger than __________ of Japan. A. one B. it C. that D. those 15. Li Li is clever than _______ in his class. A. anybody B. anyone else C. else anyone D. somebody else 16. _________ like music. A. Both of them B. Both of they C. The both girls D. Both them 17. Could you give me some ink?Sorry, I have__________ in my bottle. A. a few B. few C. a little D. little 18. He has ___________ to tell us. A. something important B. important something C. anything useful D. useful nothing 19. Would you like ___________ coffee? Yes, I’d like ______________. A. any, any B. some, some C. some, any D. any, some 20. _________ of the teachers are ok in our school. A. every B. each C. either D. all 21. Of the three foreigners, one is from London, ________ are from the USA. A. two others B. the other too C. another two D. the both 22. Which would you like, sir, tea or coffee?I don’t mind. _______ is ok. A. Either B. Neither C. Any D. Both 23. Help __________ to some chicken, boys and girls. A. you B. yours C. yourself D. yourselves 24. What do you usually have for breakfast?______ milk and ______ eggs. A. Little, a little B. A few, few C. A little, a few D. A few, a little 25. Who taught ______ history last year?Nobody! He learned it _________. A. him, himself B. his, himself C. himself, himself D. his, him 26. There isn’t _______ paper here. Will you go and get __________for me? A. any, any B. any, some C. much, many D. many, much 27. The farmer is busy because he’s so __ sheep to keep and so __ work to do. A. much, many B. many, much C. many, a lot D. a lot, much 28. On _______ side of the river there’re many tall trees. A every B. all C. both D. each 29. Whose photo is this?It’s __________. A. me B. mine C. my D. myself 30. Who is playing the piano in the next room?_______ is Li Ping’s brother. A. This B. That C. It D. He 31. The old man has two sons, but __________ of them lives with him. A. both B. none C. neither D. all 32. You have more apples than I, but _____ are bigger than_________. A. my, your B. my, yours C. mine, your D. mine, yours 33. There is ________ meat at home. Would you please go and buy______? A. some, a little B. a little, any C. little, some D. little, any 34. My parents are workers. _______ both work in the same factory. A. them B. they C. he D. she 35. Can you come on Friday or Saturday?I’m afraid _______ day is possible. A. either B. same C. nay D. neither 36. He can’t hear you, because there is _____ noise here. A. very much B. too much C. much too D. so many 37. All of us were invited, but _______ of us came. A. neither B. none C. both D. any 38. There isn’t __________ water in the cup. A. any B. many C. some D. the 39. We have _________ sugar. Really? Let’s go and buy some. A. few B. a few C. little D. a little 40. There isn’t ____________ milk in the fridge. You’d better buy some. A. no B. any C. some D. a few 41. Help_____ to some meat, Mary. A. themselves B. ourselves C. yourself D. himself 42. Though they had cleaned the door, there was still __________ water on it. A. little B. a little C. few D. a few 43. The old man kept one black dog and two white__________. A. one B. ones C. those D. one’s 44. ______ of us has read the newspaper, so we know nothing about it. A. some B. both C. none D. all 45. He is not a kind- hearted man, ________ people can get on well with him. A. few B. a few C. little D. a little 46. I’m old enough to wash _______ clothes. You should wash ______, too. A. my, your B. mine, yours C. my, your D. your, my 47. It’s too hot. Give __________ a bottle of orange. A. mine B. he C. her D. our 48. When shall we meet again?___ day is OK. A. either B. neither C. none D. any 49. Which of the two books will you buy?I’ll buy __, so I can give one to Joe. A. either B. neither C. all D. both 50. The girls are crying. ________ can’t find __________ mother. A. She, her B. They, them C. They, their D. They, her 答案：1-5 AAC C B 6-10 B B C C B 11-15 D D D C B 16-20 ADAB D 21-25 B AD CA 26-30 B B D B 31-35 C D C B D 36-40 B BAC B 41-45 C B B CA 46-50 C C D D C