六年级复习：字母、词汇、重点句子、比较级、时态、模拟卷

六年级复习：字母、词汇、重点句子、比较级、时态、模拟卷 一． 26 个字母的书写 二． 5 个元音字母的书写 三． 48 个音标的认读 四． 有关的词汇 人称（I，you…）、动物、交通工具、颜色、家庭成员、日常用 品、身体部位、数词、衣服鞋袜、国名、形容词（描述外形特 征的词）、动词（表示行为动作的词）、方位介词（前后上下……） 主食（饭，面包，面条，蛋糕…）、水果、饮料、疑问词（wh- 开头的词语）…… 五．话题 关于姓名的对话、询问年龄、关于颜色、关于爱好、关于拥有 （×××有……）、关于问好、打招呼、关于选择、指向（如： 这是……？）、问数量、问来自哪里、问“你在做什么”、问价 格、问能力（Can you…）、问出行方式、提出请求（如：May I have…？）、命令与禁止、问是谁、问是谁的、提建议（Let’s…）、 问最喜欢的动物是什么以及书上的有关对话等等 ☆形容词的比较级☆ 当我们需要对事物作出比较时，需要用到比较级。 比较级的句子结构通常是： 什么 + 动词 be (am , is , are ) + 形容词比较级 + than（比）+ 什么 ,如： I’m taller and heavier than you. （我比你更高和更重。） An elephant is bigger than a tiger. （一只大象比一只老虎更大。） 形容词的比较级是在形容词的基础上变化而来的，它的变化规则是： ① 一般的直接在词尾加 er ，如 tall - taller , strong - stronger , ② 以 e 结尾的，直接加 r ，如 fine – finer , ③ 以辅音字母加 y 结尾的，先改 y 为 i 再加 er，如 funny - funnier ④ 双写最后的字母再加 er，如 big – bigger, thin – thinner , hot – hotter 除此之外，还有几个特殊的单词，它的比较级和最高级都是不规则的，如： many / much（原形）– more（比较级）– most（最高级） little / few（原形） – less （比较级）– least（最高级） good（原形） – better（比较级） – best（最高级） bad （原形） – worse（比较级） – worst（最高级） far （原形） – further– furthest 附加：形容词的最高级变化类似于比较级，只是把词尾的 er 改成 est，如： tall （原形）- taller （比较级）- tallest （最高级） long（原形）- longer（比较级）- longest（最高级） big （原形）- bigger（比较级）- biggest（最高级） ☆注意☆ 比较的两者应该是互相对应的可比较的东西。 典型错误：My hair is longer than you.（我的头发比你更长。） 比较的两者是我的头发、你（整个人），那么比较的对象就没有可比性。 应该改为：My hair is longer than yours. 或 My hair is longer than your hair. 附：如果比较的两者是一样的时候，我们会用 as…as…这个词组，它的 用法是： 什么+be+as+形容词原形+as+什么，意思是什么和什么一样……。如： I’m as tall as you.（我和你一样高。） My feet are as big as yours.（我的脚和你的一样大。） 比较级专项练习 一、从方框中选出合适的单词完成句子 (1) How is the Yellow River? (2) How is Mr Green? He’s 175cm. (3) How are your feet? I wear size 18. (4) How is the white T-shirt? It’s 100 yuan. (5) How apples are there in the bag? There are 5. (6) How is the fish? It’s 2kg. 二、根据句意写出所缺的单词 (1) I’m 12 years old. You’re 14. I’m than you. (2) A rabbit’s tail is than a monkey’s tail. (3) An elephant is than a pig. (4) A lake is than a sea. (5) A basketball is than a football. 三、根据中文完成句子. (1) 我比我的弟弟大三岁. I’m than my brother. (2) 这棵树要比那棵树高. This tree than that one. (3) 你比他矮四厘米. You are than he. heavy tall long much many big (4) 谁比你重? than you. (5) 他比你更强壮. He is than you. 四、根据答句写出问句 (1) I’m 160 cm. (2) I’m 12 years old. (3) My shoes are 80 yuan. (4) Amy’s hair is 30 cm long. (5) I have three English books. ☆时态☆ 小学阶段一共学了四种时态，分别是：一般现在时，一般将来时，现在进 行时，一般过去时。下面我们一一进行总结。 1、 一般现在时 A、表示不受时限的客观存在 如：He is a boy. She is a student. My mother is a nurse. This is a dog. I have a story-book. B、表示现在的习惯动作，即指现在经常发生的动作，一般现在时常用来 表示现在时间里某种动作的经常性和习惯性。它常与表示程度或频度的词 连用，如：often（经常） , usually（通常，一般） , sometimes（有时） , always（总是，一直） , never（从不） 如：I often go to school on foot. My father works in a school. Mike watches TV every day. I usually play computer games on the weekend. C、表示现时的状态和现在瞬间动作 如：How are you? You look happy. What’s the matter with you? I have a headache. What do you have for lunch? I have some chicken. ☆注意☆ 英语动词的现在时与原形同形。但当主语是第三人称单数时， 须在词尾加-s 或 -es。例如： I have a fish for dinner. Her mother works in a hospital. Amy often goes to school by bike. Mr. Liu teaches us English. 加-es 的动词必须是以“sh , ch , o ”等字母结尾的。 如：watches , teaches , goes , washes 2、 一般将来时 表示在将来会发生的事或动作。它常与表示将来的时间连用，如： tomorrow , next week , next year , this morning , this afternoon , this evening 等。 ☆注意☆ 一般将来时小学阶段主要学了两种结构： ①be going to + 动词的原形 / 地点 ②will + 动词的原形 例句： I’m going to go shopping this afternoon. She is going to Hong Kong next week. You will see many birds in the sky. 3、 现在进行时 表示说话时正在进行的动作或现阶段一直在进行的动作。 ☆注意☆它的构成是：be 的现在时形式（am , is , are）加动词的 ing 形式。 如：What are you doing? I’m writing a letter. What are they doing? They’re swimming. Is he playing chess? Yes, he is. Look, Amy is reading an English book. ☆注意☆ 动词的 ing 形式的构成规则： 1 一般的直接在后面加上 ing , 如 doing , going , working , singing , eating ② 以 e 结尾的动词，要先去 e 再加 ing ，如 having , writing ③ 双写最后一个字母的（此类动词极少）有：running , swimming , sitting , getting ４、一般过去时 主要用来表示在特定过去时间中一次完成的动作或一度存在的状态，也可 表示过去的习惯动作。它与现在时间不发生关系，它表示的动作或状态都 已成为过去，现已不复存在。它经常与表示过去的时间连用。如： I went to a park yesterday. I read a book last night. I watched TV yesterday evening. I went on a big trip last weekend. I failed my Chinese test. ☆注意☆ 一般过去时主要体现在动词的形式要用过去式，动词的过去式 的构成规则有： Ａ、规则动词 1 一般直接在动词的后面加 ed ； 如 worked , learned , cleaned , visited ② 以 e 结尾的动词直接加 d ；如 lived , danced , used 3 以辅音字母加 y 结尾的动词要改 y 为 i 再加 ed （此类动词较少） 如 study – studied carry – carried worry – worried （play、stay 除外） ④ 双写最后一个字母（此类动词较少）如 stopped Ｂ、不规则动词（此类词并无规则，须熟记）小学阶段要记住以下动词的 原形和过去式： sing – sang , eat – ate , see – saw , have – had , do – did , go – went , take – took , buy – bought , get – got , read – read , fly – flew , am/is – was , are – were , say – said , leave – left , swim – swam , tell – told , draw – drew , come – came , lose – lost , find – found , drink – drank , hurt – hurt , feel – felt ☆注意☆句子的形式： 1、肯定句：是指用肯定的语气来陈述的句子，如： I’m a student. She is a doctor. He works in a hospital. There are four fans in our classroom. I’m going to buy a comic book tonight. He will eat lunch at 12:00. I’m reading a book. They are swimming. I watched TV yesterday evening. 2、否定句：含有否定词或表示否定意义词的句子，如： I’m not a student. She is not (isn’t) a doctor. He does not (doesn’t) work in a hospital. There are not four fans in our classroom. I’m not going to buy a comic book tonight. He will not (won’t) eat lunch at 12:00. I’m not reading a book. They are not (aren’t) swimming. I did not (didn’t) watch TV yesterday evening. ☆注意☆ 小结：否定句主要是在肯定句的基础上加上了否定词 “not”。 有动词 be 的句子则“not”加在 be 后面，可缩写成“isn’t，aren’t”，但 am not 一般都分开写。没有动词 be 的句子则要先在主要动词的前面加上一 个助动词（do，does，did），然后在它后面加上“not”，你也可以把它们 缩写在一起如“don’t , doesn’t , didn’t ）。这三个助动词要根据人称和时态 来选择，其中“does”只用于一般现在时主语是第三人称单数的情况，而 “did”只用于一般过去时，不论主语是什么人称和数，都用“did” 。 3、一般疑问句：是指询问事实的句子，此类句子必须用“yes”，或“no” 来回答。如：Are you a student? Yes, I am / No, I’m not. Is she a doctor? Yes, she is. / No, she isn’t. Does he work in a hospital? Yes, he does. / No, he doesn’t. Are there four fans in our classroom? Yes, there are. / No, there aren’t. Are you going to buy a comic book tonight? Yes, I am. / No, I am not. (Yes, we are. / No, we aren’t.) Will he eat lunch at 12:00? Yes, I will. / No, I will not(won’t). Are you reading a book? Yes, I am. / No, I am not. Are they swimming? Yes, they are. / No, they aren’t. Did you watch TV yesterday evening? Yes, I did. / No, I didn’t. ☆注意☆ 小结：一般疑问句是在肯定句的基础上， ①把动词 be 调到首位，其他照写，末尾标点符号变成问号即可。 ②没有动词 be 的句子则要在句首加上一个助动词（do，does，did）再把 紧跟在后面的动词变回原形，末尾标点符号变成问号即可。 这三个助动词也要根据人称和时态来选择，其中“does”只用于一般现在 时主语是第三人称单数的情况，而“did”只用于一般过去时，不论主语 是什么人称和数，都用“did” 。一般疑问句有个重要的原则就是问和答 要一致，即问句里的第一个单词（助动词）和简略答句里的这个词是一致 的。 4、特殊疑问句：以特殊疑问词（what , where , who , which , when , whose , why , how 等）开头引导的句子。此类句子应该问什么就答什么，不能用 “yes 、no”来回答。如： What is this? It’s a computer. What does he do? He’s a doctor. Where are you going? I’m going to Beijing. Who played football with you yesterday afternoon? Mike. Which season do you like best? Summer. When do you usually get up? I usually get up at 6:30. Whose skirt is this? It’s Amy’s. Why do you like spring best? Because I can plant trees. How are you? I’m fine. / I’m happy. How did you go to Xinjiang? I went to Xinjiang by train. ☆其中 how 又可以和其他一些形容词连用组成特殊疑问词组用来提问， 如： how many（多少(数量)）, how much（多少(钱)）, how tall（多高）, how long（多长）, how big（多大）, how heavy（多重） 例句：How many pencils do you have? I have three pencils. How many girls can you see? I can see four girls. How many desks are there in your classroom? There are 51. ☆小结：how many 用来提问可数名词的数量，主要有以上三种句式搭配， How many + 名词复数 + do you have? 你有多少……？ How many + 名词复数 + can you see? 你能看见多少……？ How many + 名词复数 + are there…? 有多少……？ 练习： 在横线上填上适当的单词 1. What your mother do? She is teacher. 2. does she work? She in a school. 3. What’s hobby? She likes shopping. Last weekend she shopping with me. 4. Today is Monday. Yesterday Sunday. 5. What you do yesterday? I helped my mother housework. 6. you have a cold last week? Yes, I did. 7. you feel better now? Yes, thank you. 8. Mike: How you, Amy? You look so happy. Amy: Yes. I excited. I am going on a big trip. How you? You look happy too. Mike: Yes. My father going buy me a new bike. 9. What you do yesterday? It windy. I kites in the park. 10. What you do in summer? I often swimming. 11. What does your father ? He a nurse. he work in a hospital? Yes, he in a big hospital in our city. 12. Amy didn’t to school yesterday. She had a headache. 13. does John go to school? He usually to school by bike. 14. he go to school by bike this morning? No, he didn’t. He to school on foot. 15. What did you for breakfast this morning? I had bread and milk. 16. did you go on your holiday? I went to Hong Kong. 17. did you do there? I went shopping. 一、补充句子。 1、I often TV in the evening. But yesterday evening I computer games. 2、John often football on Sundays. But last Sunday he his grandparents. 3、 you usually go to school by bike? Yes, but yesterday I to school on foot. 4、 your father go to work by car? Yes, he does. But yesterday he to work by bus. 5、What you do on the weekends? I often hiking. . you go hiking last weekend? Yes, I went hiking with my parents last Sunday. 6、What Amy usually do in the evening? She usually books. . she read a book yesterday evening? No, she didn’t. She her homework. 二、根据文答句写出问句。 1、 ？ I did my homework yesterday. 2、 ？ We usually play basketball on the weekends. 3、 ？ No, I didn’t watch TV. I listened to music. 4、 ？ I have a headache. 5、 ？ John is 160cm tall. 四会单词和句子 四年级上册 Unit 4 home room school classroom door chair bed desk window Unit 5 bread egg milk water rice beef chicken fish Unit 6 sister brother father mother farmer driver nurse doctor 四年级下册 Unit 1 computer board fans light teacher’s desk picture floor wall This is my computer. That is your computer. Is this a teacher’s desk? Yes, it is. Unit 2 one two three four five six seven eight nine ten music math Chinese English P.E. What time is it? It’s two o’clock.. It’s 9:45. It’s time for math class. Unit 3 red blue yellow green white skirt shirt jacket dress Is this your T-shirt? No, it’s not. What colour is it? It’s white. Unit 4 jeans pants socks shoes sunny warm cold snowy It’s warm today. Let’s play football. It’s cool. Is it cold？ Unit 5 big small long short nice apple banana pear watermelon How much is it? It’s ten yuan. How much are they? They’re three yuan. Unit 6 cat rabbit pig duck dog eleven twelve fifteen thirteen twenty Are they ducks? No, they aren’t. How many horses are there? Twelve. 五年级上册 unit 1 young funny tall strong kind old short thin smart active strict quiet Who’s your English teacher? Mr Carter. What’s he like? He’s tall and strong. Is she quite? No, she isn’t. She’s very active. Is she strict? Yes, she is, but she’s very kind. Unit 2 Monday (Mon.) Tuesday (Tue.) Wednesday (Wed.) Thursday (Thu.) Friday (Fri.) Saturday (Sat.) Sunday (Sun.) day have do homework watch TV read books What day is it today? It’s Wednesday. What do you have on Thursday? We have English, math and science on Thursdays. What do you do on Saturdays? I watch TV on Saturdays. Unit 3 eggplant fish green beans tofu potato tomato lunch tasty sweet sour fresh salty favourtie fruit grape What do you have for lunch on Mondays? We have tomatoes, tofu and fish. What’s your favourite fruit? I like apples. They’re sweet. I like fruit. But I don’t like grapes. They’re sour. Unit 4 cook the meals water the flowers sweep the floor clean the bedroom make the bed set the table wash the clothes do the dishes use a computer What can you do? I can sweep the floor. I can cook the meals. I can water the flowers. Can you make the bed? No, I can’t. Can you use a computer? Yes, I can. Unit 5 curtain trash bin closet mirror end table bedroom kitchen bathroom living room clothes in on under near over behind There are two bedrooms, a kitchen, a bathroom and a living room. There is a mirror, a bed and a big closet. The closet is near the table. Many clothes are in the closet. The trash bin is behind the door. Unit 6 mountain river flower grass lake forest path park house bridge tree road building any Is there a forest in the park? Yes, there is. Is there a river? No, there isn’t. 五年级下册 Unit 1 do morning exercises eat breakfast have English class play sports eat dinner get up climb mountains go shopping play the piano visit grandparents go hiking usually often sometimes When do you eat dinner? I eat dinner at 7:00 in the evening. When do you get up? I usually get up at 12:00 at noon. What do you do on the weekend? Usually I watch TV and go shopping. Sometimes I visit my grandparents. What about you? I often play football. Sometimes I go hiking. Unit 2 spring summer fall winter season which best swim fly kites sleep skate make a snowman plant trees why because Which season do you like best? I like winter best. Summer is good, but fall is my favourite season. Why do you like summer? Because I can swim in the lake. Why do you like winter? Because I can sleep a long time. Unit 3 January (Jan.) February (Feb.) March (Mar.) April (Apr.) May June July August (Aug.) September (Sept.) October (Oct.) November (Nov.) December (Dec.) birthday uncle her date When is your birthday? It’s in May. My birthday is in June. Uncle Bill’s birthday is in June, too. Is her birthday in June? Yes. What’s the date? June 9th . Unit 4 draw pictures cook dinner read a book answer the phone listen to music clean the room write a letter write an e-mail mom grandpa study Hi, John. This is Zhang Peng. What are you doing? I’m doing the dishes. I’m reading a book. Grandpa is writing a letter. Brother is doing homework. Mom is cooking dinner in the kitchen. He’s writing an e-mail in the study. Unit 5 fly jump walk run swim kangaroo sleep climb fight swing drink water What is it doing? It’s eating bananas. What is she doing? She’s jumping. What are they doing? They’re swimming. They’re climbing trees. Unit 6 take pictures watch insects pick up leaves do an experiment catch butterflies count insects collect leaves write a report play chess have a picnic honey Are you eating lunch? No, we aren’t. Are they eating the honey? Yes, they are. Is he playing chess? Yes, he is. Is she counting insects? No, she isn’t. 六年级上册 Unit 1 on foot by bike by bus by train by plane by ship go to school traffic light traffic rule stop wait get to How do you go to school, Sarah? Usually I go to school on foot. Sometimes I go by bike. How can I get to Zhongshan Park? You can go by the No.15 bus. Unit 2 library post office hospital cinema bookstore where please next to turn right turn left go straight then Where is the cinema, please? It’s next to the hospital. Turn left at the cinema, then go straight. It’s on the left. Unit 3 next week this morning this afternoon this evening comic book post card newspaper buy What are you going to do on the weekend? I’m going to visit my grandparents this weekend. Where are you going this afternoon? I’m going to the bookstore. What are you going to buy? I am going to buy a comic book. Unit 4 hobby ride a bike dive play the violin make kites collect stamps live teaches watches goes does doesn’t=does not What’s your hobby? I like collecting stamps. He likes collecting stamps, too. Does she teach English? No, she doesn’t. Does she teach you math? Yes, she does. Unit 5 singer writer actor actress artist TV reporter engineer accountant policeman cleaner salesperson work What does your mother do? She is a TV reporter. Where does she work? She works in a school. How does she go to work? She goes to work by bus. Unit 6 rain cloud sun stream come from seed soil sprout plant should then Where does the rain come from? It comes from the clouds. How do you do that? What should you do then? 六年级下册 Unit 1 taller shorter stronger older younger bigger heavier longer thinner smaller How tall are you? I’m 164 cm tall. You’re shorter than me. You’re 4 cm taller than me. How heavy are you? I’m 48 kg. I’m thinner and shorter than you Unit 2 have a fever hurt have a cold have a toothache have a headache have a sore throat matter sore nose tired excited angry happy bored sad What’s the matter? My throat is sore. My nose hurts. How are you, Liu Yun? You look so happy. How are you, Sarah? You look sad today. Unit 3 watch - watched wash - washed clean - cleaned play - played visit - visited do - did last weekend go - went read – read went fishing went hiking What did you do last weekend? I played football. Did you read books? Yes, I did. / No, I didn’t. Unit 4 learn Chinese – learned Chinese sing – sang dance – danced eat good food – ate good food take pictures – took pictures climb a mountain – climbed a mountain buy presents – bought presents row a boat – rowed a boat see elephants – saw elephants went skiing went ice-skating get to – got to have – had Where did you go on your holiday? I went to Xinjiang. How did you go there? I went by train. ☆人称和数☆ 主格 宾格 形容词性 物主代词 名词性 物主代词 反身代词 第一 人称 单数 I （我） me my （我的） mine myself （我自己） 复数 we （我们） us our （我们的） ours ourselves （我们自己） 第二 人称 单数 you （你） you your （你的） yours yourself （你自己） 复数 you （你们） you your （你们的） yours yourselves （你们自己） 第三 人称 单数 he （他） him his （他的） his himself （他自己） she （她） her her （她的） hers herself （她自己） it （它） it its （它的） its itself （它自己） 复数 they （他们/ 她们/它 们） them their （他们的/她们 的/它们的） theirs themselves （他们/她们/它 们自己）