中考英语写作复习分类例析

        留言条 【写作示例】 假如你是梅梅，本打算今天(4月21日) 下午去芳芳家做作业，可是你的父母要带你去看望住院的姥姥。请写一个30—50词的留言条给芳芳，告诉她请她原谅。 【写作示例】 April 21 Dear Fang Fang, I’m very sorry to say that I can’t go to your home to do my homework with you because my grandma was ill in hospital and my parents will take me to see her. Please excuse me. Mei Mei 【电话留言】 电话留言(记录) 虽然也属于便条，但其格式却与请假条和留言条不太一样。中学教材中介绍了一种表格式的电话留言条，它要简要地写明打电话者和应接电话者的姓名，打电话日期以及电话内容。最后署名为接电话人的姓名。 【写作示例】 根据以下电话内容，写一则电话留言。 (At about three o’clock in the afternoon, June 12th) Kate: Hello.7-5-5-double 6-2. Li Lei:Oh, hello. Could I speak to Jim, please? Kate: I’m afraid he’s out at the moment. He’s at the cinema. Can I take a message? Li Lei: Yes. Could you ask him to call me, please? Kate: Sure! What’s your name, please? Li Lei: Li Lei. Kate: How do you speak that, please? Li Lei: L-I, Li L-E-I, Lei. My telephone number is 6-7-double 8-3-4. Kate: 6-7-double 8-3-4. Right. Li Lei: Thanks a lot. Bye. Kate: It’s a pleasure. 【参考答案】 Telephone Message From: Li Lei                                   To: Jim Date: June 12th                                Time: 3:00 p.m. Message: Please ring him. His telephone number is 678834. Kate   请假条   便条可以看作是一种形式简单的书信。常见的英文便条有请假条、留言条和借条等。它们格式简单、用词通俗、开门见山、简明扼要。 请假条和留言条的结构是一样的，即由称呼、正文、签名和日期四个部分组成。 【写作示例】 假如你叫李明，因患重感冒今明两天不能上学。请你参考下面所给词语，给你的外籍英语教师写一张请假条，说明你这两天不能上学的原因。 Not feel well, a bad cold, stay in bed, can’t go to school for two days, get well soon  (杭州市中考题) 【参考答案】 Tuesday Dear Mr Green, I’m sorry to tell you that I’m not feeling well today. This morning I went to see the doctor and he told me that I had caught a bad cold. And he also asked me to stay in bed for two days. So I can’t go to school today and tomorrow. I hope I’ll get well soon.   通知   在英语里，通知有书面通知和口头通知两种。书面通知又叫通告或布告。它是上级组织对下级组织、单位对成员部署工作、传达事情或召开会议所使用的一种应用文。   【口头通知】 口头通知比书面通知要口语化，开头往往有称呼语，如Ladies and gentlemen / Boys and girls/Dear friends 等。正文开头时一般有提醒听众注意的词语和句子，如Please be quiet everyone!/Attention please!/May I take your attention, please?/I’ve something to tell you./I will tell you something very important.等。在口头通知讲完后要对听众说声结束语 That’s all, thank you. 以示礼貌。   【写作示例】 提示：你校学生会将为来访的美国朋友举办一个晚会，要在学校广播中宣布此事，并欢迎大家参加。为使美国朋友听懂，请你用英语写一篇广播通知。要点如下： 宗  旨：欢迎来访的美国朋友 组织者：学生会 时  间：8月15日(星期六) 晚7: 30 地  点：主楼屋顶花园 活动内容：听音乐、跳舞、唱歌、游戏、交换小礼品(请包装好、签名并在包装外面写上几个祝愿词) 。 注意： 1.广播稿约100词； 2.应包括以上要点，但不要逐字翻译，要组织成一篇通顺连贯的短文。   【参考答案】 May I have your attention, please? I have an announcement to make. It’s good news that the Student Union is going to hold a party on Saturday evening, August 15, which is to welcome our American friends. The party to be held will be very interesting. You can dance, listen to the music, sing beautiful songs, play games and exchange gifts. Would you like to bring a small gift with you? Then you can charge it with your new friends. Please wrap it up, sign your name and write a few words which can express your best wishes. Anyone who wants to attend the party can go to the roof garden of the Main Building on Saturday evening, August 15. Everyone is welcome. Everyone is sure to have a good time! That’s all. Thank you. 【书面通知】 书面通知的用词比较正式，常常是贴在公共场所显眼的地方。通知一般由标题、正文和结尾三部分组成。为了醒目起见，通知正文上方的中央位置往往写上NOTICE。然后在NOTICE下方一至两行处写通知的内容，这是通知的主体内容，要求写得言简意赅，对通知的对象、事物、时间和地点等应交待清楚，要求明确。接着在正文的右下方写发通知的单位或负责人姓名。在正文的左下方，低于写发通知单位一两行处顶格写通知日期。   【写作示例】 试题：请你拟写一个书面通知，告诉同学们明天去参加植树活动。 内容：明天是植树节，天气暖和。你们不上课，去公园植树。早晨八点在学校门口集合，骑自行车去。中午在那里吃饭，请带好水和食物。(1997年江西省中考)   【参考答案】 NOTICE Tomorrow is Tree Planting Day. It is warm. You will have no classes. We shall plant trees in the park. We will meet at the gate of our school at 8:00 in the morning and go there by bike. We will have lunch there. Please bring some water and food with you. Don’t be late. the Headmaster Office March 11     日记   日记是用以记叙一天生活中所见、所闻、所做或所想的事情。写英语日记一般要注意以下几点： 1. 英语日记有一定的格式。英语日记通常由两部分组成，即书端和正文。书端用于记载写日记的日期、星期和天气情况。它位于正文上面的第一行，顶格写起。日期和星期写在第一行的左上角，天气情况写在第一行的右上角，书端的日期可以是先月，后日，最后是年；也可以是先日；后月，再年。日期可以用基数词，也可以用序数词，序数词常缩写。如2004年1月31日，英语可以是January 31(st), 2004, 也可以是31(st) January, 2004。当只有月、日时，月份可以缩写。如August 1st或Aug. 1st。   2.日记要用第一人称写。日记是对生活的记录，是一个人把自己一天中最有意义的事情记录下来所形成的书面材料，故写日记必须用第一人称(I) 。有时，文中将“I”省去，意思也同样明白。 3. 写日记所用的时态。日记一般是当天的下午或晚上记叙白天发生的事，因此多用过去时态和现在完成时态，但也可灵活运用，如说明客观事实、普通真理或为了所描述的事物生动等时，也可用现在时态。 【日记写作示例】 A Diary Friday, February 3, 1995                                                       Fine In the morning my mother asked me to buy half a kilo of tea and a bag of bread. Then I went to the nearest shop. When I got to the shop, the seller came up to me and asked what I needed. I told him that I wanted to buy half a kilo of tea and a bag of bread. He said, “Just a minute.” I looked around. The shop wasn’t big, but it was nice and clean, and there were a lot of things in it. Very soon, he gave me half a kilo of tea and a bag of bread. I asked him, “Do you have the kind with nuts?” Then he reached the bread with nuts on the top shelf. He said these things were all fourteen yuan. I gave fifteen yuan to him, but he gave me six yuan back. I counted the money, and then told him he was wrong. But he talked as if he had known all about it. He smiled and said: “It’s very nice of you to do so!” The other sellers also laughed.         书信   书信是书面表达的一种常用形式。英语书信格式包括信的格式和信封格式。   【格式说明】 英语书信一般分为信头、称呼、正文、谦称和结束语以及签名等五个部分。 信头指写信人的地址和写信日期，通常写在信纸的右上角。信头常用并列式，即每行开头要平齐。写信头时一般先写地址，后写日期。写地址应从小到大排列。如：门牌号码、街道名、城(县) 名、省名、国名。邮政编码一般写在省市名称之后。写信日期位于写信人地址之后，通常空开一行。英语中日期有两种写法，一种是按月、日、年的顺序排列，另一种是按日、月、年的顺序排列。 称呼：称呼是对收信人的称谓。通常在收信人地址下面两行处写，与收信人地址齐头。英文信的称呼一般以Dear…开头。给亲属写信时，可在Dear后加上亲属关系的词，例如Dear Uncle, Dear Grandpa等；写给朋友或自己平辈的人可直呼其名，如Dear Tom, Dear Xiao Ming等；写给不太熟悉的人可根据收信人性别分别在姓氏前加上Mr. , Mrs.或Miss 等。例如Dear Mr. Smith, Dear Mrs Smith。注意Mrs用于已婚女性，其后要接其丈夫的姓。此外，还可根据收信人的身份冠以学位、头街等。例如Dear Doctor Li, Dear President Black。称呼语的末尾常用逗号，美国多用冒号。 正文：正文是书信的主体部分。一般来说，书信正文的首行与称呼这一行要距离一行或两行，正文每段段首向右缩进5个字母。正文要求简明扼要，层次分明，语言准确得体，能表情达意。特别要注意的是英文书信，不像中文信中用“你好！”开头，不要画蛇添足，加上一句“How do you do?”等之类的问候语，但可以用询问情况来作为正文的开头，如 How are you getting along with your study? (你近来学习情况如何?) 此外，如果是写回信，应先提到已收到对方的信，并表示谢意，如I was happy to hear from you. (收到你的来信我很高兴。) Thank you for your letter of March 21. (谢谢你3月21日的来信。) 等。然后再回答对方的问题，或者叙述的事情等。 谦称和结束语：英文书信中的谦称和结束语相当于我们通常用的客套语。它位于正文之后，结束话一般单独成行，可写在信笺中间(居中)，也可从中间处起向右写。首写字母要大写，句末用逗号。常见的结束语有：Best wishes! (祝好！)/ With best regards! (顺致问候！) /Wish you success(祝你成功) / Good luck! (祝你好运！)/ I’m looking forward to hearing from you soon. (盼你早日回信。) Give me love / regards to…(代我向……问好！) 谦称有尊卑亲疏之分，要与收信人的称呼相一致。写给亲友常用Yours, / Yours affectionately, / Yours ever, / Affectionately yours，等。写给一般的熟悉的人常用Yours sincerely, / Sincerely yours, / Yours cordially, 等。写给不太熟悉的人常用Yours truly, / Truly yours, / Yours faith fully, 等。写给长辈或上级常用Yours respectfully,等。 签名：签名即写信人的姓名。签名的位置是在谦称和结束语下面一行至两行处。除了对熟悉的人或亲密的人以外，签名必须写全姓名。   【实例分析】 假如你叫Li Ming, 是个中学生，经常收听音乐节目。请你用英语给节目主持人写一封信。信的要求如下： 1. 你很喜欢这个节目，特别(especially) 是英语歌曲； 2. 学习很忙，疲劳时，你会打开收音机，听这个节目； 3. 从英语歌里你学了很多单词； 4. 你最喜欢“My Heart Will Go On”这首歌，希望得到歌词(words of the song)。 注意: 1. 信要通顺，连贯； 2. 词数70左右，信的开头和结尾已为你写好(见参考答案划线外) ，不计入词数。 No. 28 Middle School, Suzhou April 8, 2001 Dear sir, I’m a middle school student. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________   【参考答案】 No. 28 Middle School, Suzhou April 8, 2004 Dear sir, I’m a middle school student. I often listen to your music programme. I like the programme very much, especially the English songs. As a student, I’m busy with my studies. When I feel tired, I’ll turn on the radio and listen to your programme. I’ve also learned many English words from these songs. Of all the English songs, I like “My Heart Will Go On” best. Would you please send me the words of the song? Thank you! Yours, Li Ming