专题 08 情态动词和虚拟语气
Step 1 篇章品读
短文改错
【2018·全国二】
When I was little, Friday’s night was our family game night. After supper, we would play card games of all
sort in the sitting room. As the kid, I loved to watch cartoons, but no matter how many times I asked to watching
them, my parents would not to let me. They would say to us that playing card games would help my brain. Still I
unwilling to play the games for them sometimes. I didn’t realize how right my parents are until I entered high
school. The games my parents taught me where I was a child turned out to be very useful later in my life.
【答案】When I was little, night was our family game night. After supper, we would play card games
of all in the sitting room. As kid, I loved to watch cartoons, but no matter how many times I asked to
them, my parents would not let me. They would say to that playing card games would help my
brain. Still I unwilling to play the games them sometimes. I didn’t realize how right my parents
until I entered high school. The games my parents taught me I was a child turned out to be very useful later
in my life.
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者的个人经历。小时候周五夜晚家长不允许作者看卡通片，
而是让他和他们一块儿玩扑克牌游戏。长大后作者才明白，这些纸牌游戏在后来的生活中很有用。
第一处：考查名词。名词作定语，往往表明被修饰名词的时间、地点、类别、目的或用途、材料或来源等。
名词所有格作定语则强调与被修饰的词的所有关系或表示逻辑上的谓语关系。此处表示“星期五晚上”，并不
是所有关系，故把 Friday’s 改为 Friday。
第二处：考查名词单复数。all 表示三者或三者以上，后用名词复数。故把 sort 改为 sorts。
第三处：考查冠词。这里表示“作为一个孩子”，a 用在表示泛指的单数名词前，the 表示特指。故把 the 改为
a。
第四处：考查动词不定式。句意：无论我要求多少次要去看（卡通片）。用不定式表示目的。故把 watching
改为 watch。
第五处：考查情态动词。would 后跟动词原形，故把 to 删除。
第六处：考查代词。句意：他们会对我说玩纸牌有助于大脑。偷换人称代词，是对“我”说，前面提到的 I，
积出来的素养 读出来的高分
而不是 we。故把 us 改为 me。
第七处：考查固定搭配。be unwilling to do sth.意为“不愿意做某事，不情愿做某事”。本文介绍的是过去的情
况，故用过去时。所以在 unwilling 前加 was。
第八处：考查介词。play the games with sb.表示“和某人一块玩游戏”，故把 for 改为 with。第九处：考查时
态。根据上下文语境可知此处要用一般过去时。故把 are 改为 were。
第十处：考查宾语从句的连接词。句意：当我是个孩子的时候我父母教给我的纸牌游戏在我日后的生活中
证明非常有用。宾语从句连接词并不是表示地点状语，而是时间状语。故把 where 改为 when。
点晴：名词作定语与名词所有格作定语的区别。一般来说，名词作定语通常说明被修饰的词的性质，而名
词所有格作定语则强调对被修饰的词的所有（权）关系或表示逻辑上的谓语关系。“the Party members（党
员）”中，名词定语表示 members 的性质；“the Party’s calls（党的号召）”中，Party 具有动作发出者的作用，
calls 虽然是名词，却具有动作的含义。a student teacher 实习教师，a student’s teacher 一位学生的老师。
Step2 真题*模拟*单句练
1. (2019﹒江苏﹒T31)What a pity! You missed the sightseeing, or we _________ (have) a good time together.
2. (2019﹒天津﹒T14)The workers were not better organized, otherwise they ____________ (accomplish) the task
in half the time.
3.(2018﹒江苏﹒T27)There is a good social life in the village, and I wish I _______(have) a second chance to
become more involved.
4. (2018﹒天津﹒T15)If we ___________(catch) the flight yesterday, we would be enjoying our holiday on the
beach
5. (2018﹒北京﹒T13)They might have found a better hotel if they _________(drive) a few more kilometers.
6. (2017﹒江苏﹒T22) _______(be) it not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her
difficulty.
7. (2015﹒北京﹒T29)—Can’t you stay a little longer?
—It’s getting late. I really _____(go )now, My daughter is home alone.
8. (2015﹒天津﹒T13)I wish I ______ (be) at my sister’s wedding last Tuesday, but I was on a business trip in
New York then.
9. (2014·北京卷)We ________ (be) back in the hotel now if you didn't lose the map.
10. (2014·天津卷)________ (catch) the morning train, he would not have been late for the meeting.
11. (2014·重庆卷)It was John who broke the window. Why are you talking to me as if I ________ (do) it?
12. (2014·福建卷)________(be) there no modern telecommunications, we would have to wait for weeks to get
news from around the world.
13. (2014· 浙 江 卷 )They were abroad during the months when we were carrying out the investigation, or they
________ (come) to our help.
14. (2014·安徽卷)People are recycling many things which they ________ (throw) away in the past.
15. (2014· 湖 南 卷 )If Mr. Dewey ________ (be) present, he would have offered any possible assistance to the
people there.
16. (2014·陕西卷)We would rather our daughter ________ (stay) at home with us, but it is her choice, and she is
not a child any longer.
17. (2013·北京卷)If we ________(book) a table earlier, we wouldn't be standing here in a queue.
18. (2013·天津卷)If he had spent more time practising speaking English before, he ________ able to speak it
much better now.
19. (2013·安徽卷)I ________(go) to my cousin's birthday party last night, but I was not available.
20. (2013·陕西卷)My mom suggests that we ________ eat out for a change this weekend.
21. (2013·浙江卷)Eye doctors recommend that a child's first eye exam ________ at the age of six months old.
22. (2013·重庆卷)—It rained cats and dogs this morning. I'm glad we took an umbrella.
—Yeah, we would have got wet all over if we ________.
23. (2013·福建卷)—Do you think George has passed the driving test?
—No. If so, he ________(drive) his car to our college yesterday.
24. (2013·江苏卷)I should not have laughed if I ________(think) you were serious.
25. (2012·辽宁卷)Jack is a great talker. It's high time that he ________(do) something instead of just talking.
26. (2012·北京卷)Don't handle the vase as if it ________(be) made of steel.
27. (2012·天津卷)We would have called a taxi yesterday if Harold ________(offer) us a ride home.
28. (2012·山东卷)If we ________(make) adequate preparations, the conference wouldn't have been so successful.
29. (2012· 陕 西 卷 )If my car ________(be) more reliable, I would have driven to Lhasa instead of flying last
summer.
30. (2012·安徽卷)Grace doesn't want to move to New York because she thinks if she ________(live) there, she
wouldn't be able to see her parents very often.
31. (2012·湖南卷)Sorry, I am too busy now. If I ________(have) time, I would certainly go for an outing with you.
32. (2012·湖北卷)Had we not used an outofdate train schedule, we ________(miss) the train.
33. (2011·北京卷)—Where are the children? The dinner's going to be completely ruined.
—I wish they ________(be) always late.
34. (2011·北京卷)Maybe if I ________(study) science, and not literature then, I would be able to give you more
help.
35. (2011·天津卷)I ________(come) sonner but I didn't know that they were waiting for me.
36. (2011·陕西卷)I ________(go) through that bitter period without your generous help.
37. (2010·天津卷)—John went to the hospital alone.
—If he ________(tell) me about it, I would have gone with him.
38. (2010·陕西卷)If we ________(take) the other road, we might have arrived here in time for the meeting.
39. The voluntary service saved you a sum of money that you otherwise ________ (spend) on the agency
responsible for finding your pets.
40. No sooner had the words been spoken than he realized that he ________(remain) silent.
41. —What if you ________(forget) to send an essay with your application?
—I would have been rejected.
42. We are close friends. We ________ (face) the problem together, but why didn't you let me know?
43. It was suggested that an armed guard ________(stand) in readiness, protecting the president.
44. —Do you like the school?
—Yeah. I only wish the classes ________(be) a little smaller.
45. The upset mother thought to herself, “If only I ________(know) what's going on in my little boy's head right
now.”
46. Had Yeats stopped writing at age 40, probably he ________(be) valued as a minor poet now.
47. —It ________(be) cool if I won this contest. I don't think I'm good enough, though.
—Give it a shot. You never know.
48. —Did you make it at last?
—Yes. But for your help, it ________ (cause) a serious loss.
49. —Max looks nervous.
—So ________ you if you had so fierce a competiton.
50. —It's a shame that you missed the lecture on the British culture given by Thompson.
—I ________(attend) it, but I was busy preparing for the coming exam.
51. They could have escaped from the big fire, but unfortunately, someone ________ (lock) the door.
52. —Our company will organize a trip to Hong Kong next month. I am taking my mother there.
—I'd rather you ________(do). After all she has just recovered from her illness and she still feels weak.
53. We ________(finish) the project on time without your timely help.
54. If the world had ended on Dec. 21st, 2012, we ________ (be) able to enjoy the wonderful life now.
55. The Antarctic is so mystically described by some people. If only I ________(be) there before!
56. I wish I ________(share) the car journey home with my friends. Now they are watching the football match at
home.
57. —Mum, can I watch the TV program for another twenty minutes?
—Sorry, dear, it's time you ________(go) to bed.
58. I can't thank you too much for your help. Without it I ________(succeed) in finding my lost son.
答案与解析
1. 【答案】would have had
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：真遗憾！你错过了这次观光，否则，我们本应该在一起度过一段愉快时光
的。根据上文，可知是对过去事情的虚拟，与过去事实相反的假设。其句子结构为：从句：If+主语+过去完
成时+其他，主句：主语+should(would, could, might)+现在完成时+其他。
2.【答案】would have accomplished
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：工人们没有被更好的组织起来，否则他们用一半的时间就能完成任务。根
据上句 the workers were not better organized 可知，这是对过去事情的虚拟。与过去事实相反的假设。其句子
结构为：从句：If+主语+过去完成时+其他，主句：主语+should(would, could, might)+现在完成时+其他。
3.【答案】had
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：在这个村里有很好的社交生活，并且我希望我再有机会去更多的参与。本
题考查 wish 引导的宾语从句，表示与现在事实相反的愿望，所以从句用一般过去时。
4.【答案】 had caught
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果我们昨天赶上飞机的话，现在我们正在海滩享受我们的假日了。根据
时间状语 yesterday 可知，从句表示与过去事实相反，故用 had + ved。
5.【答案】had driven
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果他们多开几公里的话，他们也许会找到一个更好的旅馆。由“they might
have found a better hotel”可知，该句是表示对过去的虚拟。if ____ a few more kilometers 是条件句部分，表示
对过去的虚拟，条件句部分要用过去完成时态.
6.【答案】Were
7.【答案】 must go
【解析】试题分析：句意：——你不能再多待会儿吗?——很晚了，我必须得走了。我女儿一个人在家。
8.【答案】had been
【解析】试题分析：句意：上个周二我本希望参加我姐姐的婚礼，但那时我在纽约出差。本题考查 wish 引
导的宾语从句，表示与过去事实相反的愿望，从句用 had + 过去分词。
9. should/could/would/might be 句意：如果你没有丢掉地图，我们现在就回到宾馆了。根据句意可知，
if 引 导 的 从 句 是 对 过 去 事 实 的 阐 述 ， 而 主 句 表 示 与 现 在 事 实 相 反 的 虚 拟 ， 其 谓 语 动 词 应 为 ：
would/should/could/might＋do 结构。
10. Had he caught 句意：要是他赶上了早晨的火车，那他就不会开会迟到了。根据句意，此处是与过
去事实相反的假设，条件状语从句应该用过去完成时。本题为省略 if 的虚拟条件句，应把助动词 had 提到
句首，变为倒装句式。
11. had done 句意：是约翰打坏的窗户，你为什么和我说呢？好像是我打坏的一样。第一句已经说明
是 John 打坏的窗户，所以第二句中 as if 后面要用虚拟语气，而且是对过去的虚拟，故填 had done。
12. Were 句意：要是没有现代化的通讯工具，我们要等上几周才能获取世界各地的新闻。根据主句谓
语结构 would have to 可知设空处表示与现在事实相反的假设，if 条件从句谓语应为“动词的过去式”，即 If
there were...，在虚拟条件句中可以省略 if，把 were 提到句首。
13. would have come 句意：我们在做调查的那几个月，他们在国外，否则他们会来给我们帮忙的。由
句意可知设空处表示与过去事实相反的假设。
14. would have thrown 句意：人们现在回收的许多东西要是在以前就会被扔掉了。本题中定语从句部
分为含蓄条件句，表示“要是过去的话，这些东西就会被扔掉了”。根据句意可知此处表示与过去事实相反的
假设，故用 would have done 形式。
15. had been 句意：如果 Dewey 先生当时在场的话，他会为那里的人们提供任何可能的帮助。根据题
干中的 would have offered 及上下文逻辑可知设空处与过去事实相反，故答案为 had been。在虚拟语气中，
如果条件从句和主句均与过去事实相反，条件从句谓语动词为：had＋过去分词，主句谓语动词为：
would/should/could/might＋have＋过去分词。
16. stayed 句意：我们希望女儿待在家里和我们在一起，但这是她的选择，她不再是个孩子了。would
rather... 表示“宁愿，希望”，其后的从句要用虚拟语气。表示与现在或将来事实相反的假设时，从句用一般
过去时；表示与过去事实相反的假设时，从句用过去完成时。如：I'd rather I had not gone wrong yesterday.
要是我昨天不出错就好了。
17. had booked 句意：如果我们早些订位子，现在也就不用站在这里排队了。分析语境可知，if 引导
的从句是与过去事实相反的假设，故用过去完成时。
18. would be 句意：如果他以前花更多的时间练习说英语，他现在就能说得更好些。本题为错综时间
条件句，即 if 从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反。与现在事实相反的主句谓语部分为
“would/should/could/might＋动词原形”。
19. would/should have gone 句意：我昨天晚上本来想要/本应该去我表兄的生日聚会，但是没有空。句
中的时间状语 last night 明确表示应该是对过去事实的虚拟，故答案是 would/should have gone。
20. should 句意：妈妈建议我们这个周末出去吃饭来换换口味。suggest 作“建议”讲时，后面的从句要
用虚拟语气，从句谓语动词用“(should＋)动词原形”形式。
21. (should)be 句意：眼科医生建议，孩子的第一次眼睛检查应该在 6 个月大时进行。recommend 建
议，其后的宾语从句中用 should＋动词原形，且 should 可以省略。
22. hadn't 句意：——今天早上下了滂沱大雨。很高兴我们带了伞。——是的。要是我们没带的话就
全身湿透了。与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，从句使用过去完成时。本题中 if 从句采用省略形式，补充完整
后为：...if we hadn't taken an umbrella.
23. would have driven 句意：——你认为乔治通过驾照考试了吗？——没有。如果通过了，昨天他就
会开车去我们大学了。由 yesterday 可知本句是与过去事实相反的假设，空格处应填主句的谓语动词，故用
would have driven。
24. had thought 句意：如果我(当时)认为你是认真的，我就不会笑了。主句中谓语动词使用 should not
have laughed，表明与过去的事实相反，从句谓语动词应该使用 had done 形式。
25. did/should do 句意：杰克是一个大空谈家，到他该做事情而不是空谈的时候了。根据虚拟语气句
型 It is high time that sb.did sth.或 It is high time that sb.should do sth.(到某人该做某事的时候了)可得出答案。
26. were 句意：不要把那个花瓶当作是钢做的那样搬运。as if 引导的是与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，
谓语动词应用一般过去时，be 动词用 were。
27. hadn't offered 句意：昨天如果 Harold 不让我们搭车回家的话，我们就会叫出租车了。根据 would
have called 及 yesterday 可知此句为与过去事实相反的假设，所以设空处为过去完成时，又根据句意得知此
处应为否定，所以填 hadn't offered。
28. hadn't made 句意：如果我们没有做好充分准备的话，会议就不会如此成功。分析句子结构可知本
句是一个虚拟语气句式，根据主句中的 wouldn't have been 可知是对过去事情的虚拟，因此 if 条件从句要用
had done 形式来表示对过去发生事情的虚拟。
29. had been 句意：如果我的车(性能)更可靠些的话，去年夏天我就开车去拉萨而不是坐飞机去了。
根据语境可知题干为与过去事实相反的假设，if 引导的条件从句应该使用过去完成时。
30. were to live/lived/should live 句意：格雷丝不想搬到纽约去，因为她认为如果她住在那里，她就不
能经常见到父母了。主句说明了客观事实，if 从句是对将来事实的假设，故在条件状语从句中用 were to
live/lived/should live。
31. had 句意：对不起，我现在太忙了。如果我有时间，一定会跟你去远足。根据前一句可知设空处
是对现在的假设，故 if 从句谓语动词用过去式。
32. wouldn't have missed 句意：要不是用了一张过期的火车时刻表，我们就不会误了火车。表示与过
去事实相反的假设，结合句意主句谓语动词应该用 wouldn't have done 形式。
33. weren't 句意：——孩子们都到哪里去了？晚宴就要被他们给彻底破坏了。——我希望他们不要总
是迟到。wish 后跟 that 从句，从句部分采用虚拟语气。wish 与 be 同时发生，再结合语境可知填 weren't。
34. had studied 句意：也许如果当时我学习的是科学而不是文学的话，那么我现在就可以给你更多的
帮助了。根据 then 一词可以确定此处表示与过去事实相反，if 引导的从句部分用“had done”形式。
35. would have come 句意：我不知道他们一直在等我，否则，我就会快点来了。根据 but 后面内容可
知设空处表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，其主句谓语动词形式：would/should/could/might have done。
36. couldn't/wouldn't have gone 句意：如果没有你的慷慨相助的话，我不可能熬过那段痛苦的时期。
根据题干中的“that bitter period”可判断本句与过去事实相反的虚拟语气；without your generous help 相当于
含蓄条件从句 If there hadn't been your generous help；主句部分采用 couldn't/wouldn't have done 结构。
37. had told 句意：——约翰一个人去了医院。——他那时要是告诉我，我就陪他去了。根据 would have
gone 得知本句是与过去事实相反的假设，所以设空处应填 had told。
38.had taken 句意：如果我们走另一条路，我们可能就会及时到这儿参加会议了。根据句意及后边主
句谓语 might have arrived 可知 if 从句表示与过去事实相反的假设，故 if 从句谓语动词用过去完成时形式。
39．would have spent 句意：本来你要花一大笔钱给负责帮你找宠物的那家机构的，(但)这个志愿者服
务机构帮你省下了这笔钱。根据主句的时态和句中的 otherwise 判断，这里表示与过去事实相反的假设，定
语从句中用 would have done 表示“本来要做某事”。
40．should have remained 句意：这些话刚一说出口，他就意识到自己本该保持沉默的。由句意可知，
此处是对已经发生的动作的虚拟，故用 should have done，表示“本该做(但没有做)某事”。
41．had forgotten 句意：——如果你在寄申请的时候忘记发送一篇论文会怎么样？——我会被拒绝的。
根据答语可知，问句表示与过去事实相反的假设，故应用过去完成时。
42．should have faced 句意：我们是好朋友，本该一起面对这个问题的，可是你为什么不告诉我？题
干中的 but 表明这里说的是与过去事实相反的假设，故用 should have faced。
43．(should) stand 此处 suggest 表示“建议”，此时 that 引导的宾语从句应用虚拟语气，谓语动词用
“should＋动词原形”，且 should 可以省略。
44．were 句意：——你喜欢这个学校吗？——是的。我只希望我们的班级小一些。在 wish 后的宾语
从句中，谓语动词要用虚拟语气，此处表示对现在情况的一种假设，谓语动词要用过去式。
45．knew if only 表示“要是……就好了”，谓语动词使用虚拟语气。根据“right now”可知，此处表示
对现在的虚拟，因此谓语动词用过去式。
46．would be 句意：假设 Yeats 在 40 岁时就不写诗了，那么现在他或许就会被评价为一位名不见经
传的诗人了。从句意看，状语从句叙述的是与过去事实相反的假设，从句使用了过去完成时，而主句的时
间状语 now 表示这里叙述的是与现在事实相反的结果，应用“would＋动词原形”。
47．would be 句意：——我要是能赢这场比赛就太好了。但是我想我不够出色。——试试看，很难说。
通过句意和 won 得知，本句为表示将来的虚拟，所以设空处填 would be。
48．would/could have caused 句意：——最后你成功了吗？——是的，要不是你的帮助，将/可能会有
很大的损失。本句为与过去事实相反的假设，所以可用 should/would/could/might have done 的形式。但 should
常用于第一人称，might 常用于可能性很小。
49．would 句意：——马克斯看上去很紧张。——如果是你参加这么激烈的比赛，你也会紧张的。本
句中主句和 if 条件从句都表示和现在事实相反的假设，可改为：You would also look nervous if you had so
fierce a competiton.然后考虑采用“so＋be 动词/助动词/情态动词＋主语”句型替换主句形式。
50．would/should have attended 句意：——真遗憾你错过了汤普森所作的有关英国文化的讲座。——
我本想/应该参加的，但是我正忙于准备即将到来的考试。根据题干中的 was busy 可知设空处表示与过去事
实相反，故答案为 would/should have attended。
51．had locked 句意：他们本可以从大火中逃出来，但不幸的是，有人把门锁上了。根据题干中“could
have escaped”可判断该句为与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，故设空处表示过去；lock 先于 could have escaped，
即表示“过去的过去”，故用过去完成时态。
52．didn't 句意：——我们公司下个月将组织到香港旅游，我打算带我妈妈去那里。——我宁可你不
带她，毕竟她刚刚从病中恢复，身体还很虚弱。would rather 接从句的时候，从句的谓语用一般过去时表示
对现在或将来的虚拟。
53．wouldn't/couldn't have finished 句意：如果没有你的及时帮助，我们就不能按时完成那项工程了。
without your timely help 相当于含蓄条件从句，即 if it hadn't been for your timely help，是和过去事实相反的
虚拟语气，故句子谓语动词用 wouldn't/couldn't have done 形式。
54．wouldn't be 句意：如果世界在 2012 年 12 月 21 日灭亡了的话，我们现在就不会享受精彩的生活
了。if 从句与过去事实相反，而主句与现在事实相反，故答案为 wouldn't be。
55．had been 句意：南极地区被一些人描述得很神奇。我要是去过那里就好了！If only＋句子(过去完
成时)，表示与过去相反的假设。
56．had shared 句意：我要是和朋友拼车回家就好了。现在他们都在家看足球赛了。在 I wish 后的宾
语从句中，如果表示与过去事实相反的假设，时态要用过去完成时。
57．went/should go 句意：——妈妈，我可以再看 20 分钟电视节目吗？——对不起，宝贝，你该睡觉
了。根据 it's time that＋从句(did/should do)可知填 went/should go。
58．wouldn't/couldn't have succeeded 句意：我对你的帮助怎么感谢也不为过。没有你的帮助，我就找
不到丢失的儿子。can't 与 too/too much/enough 连用，意为：再……也不为过。根据句意可知空处为与过去
事实相反的虚拟语气，其谓语的形式为：would/could＋have＋过去分词。
Step 3 模拟精粹
语法填空
(2020·榆林高三模拟)When someone has __1__ (deep) hurt you, it can be very difficult to let go of your anger.
But forgiveness is possible and it can be surprisingly __2__ (benefit) to your physical, and mental health. So far,
research __3__ (show) that people who forgive can have more energy, better appetite and better sleep.“People who
forgive show __4__ (little) anger and more hopefulness，” says Dr Frederic Luskin, who wrote the book Forgive for
Good. “So it can help reduce the tiredness out of the immune system and allow people __5__ (feel) more
energetic.”
So when someone has hurt you, cool down first. Take a couple of breaths and think of something __6__ gives
you pleasure: a beautiful scene in nature, or someone you love. Don’t wait for an __7__ (apologize)．“Many times
the person who hurt you may never think of apologizing，” says Dr Luskin. “They may have wanted to hurt you or
they just don’t see things in __8__ same way. So if you wait for people to say sorry, you could be waiting a very
long time.”
Next keep in mind that forgiveness does not necessarily mean __9__ (accept) the action of the person who
upsets you. Instead, learn to look for the love, beauty and kindness around you. Finally, try to see things from the
other person’s perspective. You may realize that he or she is acting out of ignorance. To gain perspective, you may
want to write a letter to __10__ (you) from that person’s point of view.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了受到别人的伤害后如何应对的具体做法。
1．deeply 考查副词。修饰动词应用副词，此处表示抽象性的行为和状况或者表示情感色彩，应用以
ly 结尾的同源副词，因此填 deeply。
2．beneficial 考查形容词。be 后跟形容词作表语，因此用 benefit 的形容词形式 beneficial。
3．has shown 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。so far 为现在完成时的时间状语，因此用现在完成时。research
为单数，故谓词动词用第三人称单数。故填 has shown。
4．less 考查形容词的比较级。根据后面的 more forgiveness 可知，此处填 little 的比较级。故填 less。
5．to feel 考查非谓语动词。根据 allow sb.to do sth.可知，应用动词不定式。故填 to feel。
6．that 考查定语从句。设空处引导限制性定语从句，且先行词为不定代词 something，故只能用 that。
7．apology 考查名词。根据不定冠词 an 可知，此处用名词形式，故填 apology。
8．the 考查冠词。in the same way “用同样的方法”， same 一般与 the 连用。故填 the。
9．accepting 考查非谓语动词。根据句意“接下来记住，宽恕并不一定意味着接受那个让你烦恼的人的
行为”可知，此处考查 mean doing sth.“意味着做某事”，动名词作宾语，故填 accepting。
10．yourself 考查代词。此空与主语 you 形成互指关系，因此用反身代词。故填 yourself。
短文改错
As we all know, culture is similar with an iceberg. There are cultural roles where are obvious and easily to
understand. Most of our cultural values, however, is not clear or hidden. For example, when you will visit a
restaurant in Japan, people may sit in the floor and use chopsticks to eat. These eat habits are easy to come across.
You may not know, therefore, that it’s common for a man to sit crosslegged on the floor, but it’s not considered
acceptable for woman to do so. You have to study people’s body language to understanding this less obvious
cultural rule.
答案：
第一句：with→to
第二句：where→that/which; easily→easy
第三句：is→are
第四句：去掉 will; in→on
第五句：eat→eating
第六句：therefore→however; woman 前加 a
第七句：understanding→understand
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