专题11 状语从句-冲刺2021高考语法经典试题专练（精选）（解析版）

专题 11 状语从句 Step 1 篇章品读 短文改错 【2020·全国一】 Today I tried cooking a simply dish myself. I like eating frying tomatoes with eggs, and I thought it must to be easy to cook. My mom told me how to preparing it. First I cut the tomatoes into pieces but put them aside. Next I broke the eggs into a bowl and beat them quickly with chopstick. After that I poured oil into a pan and turned off the stove， I waited patiently unless the oil was hot. Then I put the tomatoes and the beaten eggs into pan together. ＂Not that way，＂ my mom tried to stop us but failed. She was right. It didn’t tum out as I had wished. 【答案】 【分析】 这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者做西红柿炒鸡蛋的过程。 【详解】1.考查形容词。句意：今天我自己尝试做一道简单的菜。根据名词 dish 可知，此处应用形容词作定 语，故将 simply 改为 simple。 2.考查非谓语动词。句意：我喜欢吃西红柿炒鸡蛋。动词 fry 与 tomatoes 之间是动宾关系，所以此处应用过 去分词作定语，故将 frying 改为 fried。 3.考查情态动词用法。句意：并且我认为它一定很简单。must 是情态动词，后接动词原形，to 多余，故将 to 去掉。 4.考查非谓语动词。句意：我妈妈告诉我如何准备这道菜。分析句子可知，“how+不定式”作 told 的宾语， to 是不定式符号，后应接动词原形，故将 preparing 改为 prepare。 积出来的素养 读出来的高分 5.考查连词。句意：首先我把西红柿切成块，并把它们放在一边。I cut the tomatoes into pieces 与 put them aside 之间是并列关系，应使用 and 连接，故将 but 改为 and。 6.考查名词复数。句意：下一步我把鸡蛋打到一个碗里，然后用筷子快速搅拌。chopstick 是可数名词，意为 “筷子”，通常以复数形式出现，故将 chopstick 改为 chopsticks。 7.考查介词。句意：之后我把油倒进一个平底锅，然后开火。根据 I poured oil into a pan 及常识可知，把油 倒进锅里后应是打开炉子，所以此处应使用短语 turn on，故将 off 改为 n。 8.考查连词。句意：我耐心等待，直到油烧热。此处是指“直到”油烧热，应使用 until/till 引导时间状语从 句，故将 unless 改为 until/till。 9.考查冠词。句意：然后我把西红柿和打好的鸡蛋一起放进平底锅。此处特指上文提到的 pan，所以其前应 加定冠词 the，故在 pan 前 the。 10.考查代词。句意：“不是那样。”我的妈妈尽力阻止我，但是失败了。根据上文可知，是作者一个人做 菜，此处指妈妈尽力阻止“我”，应使用第一人称单数的宾格，故将 us 改为 me。 Step2 真题*模拟*单句练 1. (2019﹒天津﹒T13) Tom is so independent that he never asks his parents' opinion _________ he wants their support. 2. (2018﹒北京﹒T2)_________ we don’t stop climate change, many animals and plants in the world will be gone. 3. (2018﹒江苏﹒T29)_______ you can sleep well, you will lose the ability to focus, plan and stay motivated after one or two nights. 4. (2017﹒北京﹒T25)______ birds use their feathers for flight, some of their feathers are for other purposes. 5. (2017﹒北 京﹒ T28)If you don’t understand something, you may research, study, and talk to other people _______ you figure it out. 6. (2017﹒江苏﹒T23)Located _______ the Belt meets the Road, Jiangsu will contribute more to the Belt and Road construction. 7. (2016﹒浙江﹒T5)_______online shopping has changed our life , not all of its effects have been positive. 8. (2016﹒江苏﹒T26)_____some people are motivated by a need for success, others are motivated by a fear of failure. 9. (2016﹒天津﹒T7)______ the average age of the population increases, there are more and more old people to care for. 10. (2015﹒湖南﹒T24)Video games can be a poor influence if ________(leave) in the wrong hands. 11. (2015﹒北京﹒T32) _____the damage is done, it will take many years for the farmland to recover. 12. (2015﹒重庆﹒T4)If you miss this chance, it may be years ____ you get another one. 13. (2015﹒天津﹒T12) We need to get to the root of the problem______ we can solve it. 14. (2015﹒四川﹒T6)There is only one more day to go your favorite music group play live. 15. (2015﹒陕西﹒T20)I believe you will have a wonderful time here you get to know everyone else. 16. (2015﹒福建﹒T31)_________the students came from different countries, they got along quite well in the summer camp. 17. (2015﹒江苏﹒T26)It is so cold that you can’t go outside _____ fully covered in thick clothes. 18. (2015﹒安徽﹒T34)______ he once felt like giving up, he now has the determination to push further and keep on going. 19. (2015﹒安徽﹒T23)______ scientists have learned a lot about the universe, there is much we still don't know. 20. (2015 ﹒ 湖 南 ﹒ T33)________ the job takes a significant amount of time, most students agree that the experience is worth it. 21. (2014·山东卷)I don't really like the author, __________ I have to admit his books are very exciting. 22. (2014·重庆卷)Half an hour later, Lucy still couldn't get a taxi ________ the bus had dropped her. 23. (2014·北京卷)________ the forest park is far away, a lot of tourists visit it every year. 24. (2014·江苏卷)Lessons can be learned to face the future, ________ history cannot be changed. 25. (2014·浙江卷)Cathy had quit her job when her son was born ________ she could stay home and raise her family. 26. (2014· 陕 西 卷 )No________ had Mo Yan stepped on the stage than the audience broke into thunderous applause. 27. (2014·安徽卷)The meaning of the word “nice” changed a few times ________ it finally came to include the sense “pleasant.” 28. (2014·湖南卷)You will never gain success ________ you are fully devoted to your work. 29. (2014·陕西卷)The young couple, who returned my lost wallet, left ________ I could ask for their names. 30. (2014·四川卷)I'll be out for some time. In ________ anything important happens, call me up immediately. 31. (2014· 江 西 卷 )It was the middle of the night ________ my father woke me up and told me to watch the football game. 32. (2013·辽宁卷)One can always manage to do more things, ________ full one's schedule is in life. 33. (2013·北京卷)I took my driving license with me on holiday, in ________ I wanted to hire a car. 34. (2013·天津卷)________ small, the company has about 1,000 buyers in over 30 countries. 35. (2013·重庆卷)________ we have enough evidence, we can't win the case. 36. (2013·山东卷)Mark needs to learn Chinese ________ his company is opening a branch in Beijing. 37. (2013·山东卷)________ I have to give a speech, I get extremely nervous before I start. 38. (2013·江苏 卷)In the global economy, a new drug for cancer, ________ it is discovered, will create many economic possibilities around the world. 39. (2013·湖南卷)You must learn to consult your feelings and your reason ________ you reach any decision. 40. (2013·安徽卷)It's much easier to make friends ______ you have similar interests. 41. (2013·四川卷)He is so busy. He cannot afford enough time with his son ________ he wants to. 42. (2013·江西卷)She says that she'll have to close the shop ________ business improves. 43. (2013·陕西卷)I have heard a lot of good things about you ________ I came back from abroad. 44. (2012·辽宁卷)Leave your key with your neighbour in ______ you lock yourself out one day. 45. (2012·课标全国卷Ⅰ)I don't believe we've met before, ________ I must say you do look familiar. 46. (2012·全国卷Ⅱ)I had hardly got to the office ________ my wife phoned me to go back home at once. 47. (2012·北京卷)—Look at those clouds! —Don't worry. ________ it rains, we'll still have a great time. 48. (2012·天津)Everything was placed exactly ________ he wanted it for the graduation ceremony. 49. (2012·福建卷)It is hard for the Greek government to get over the present difficulties ________ it gets more financial support from the European Union. 50. (2012·湖南卷)________ hard you try, it is difficult to lose weight without cutting down the amount you eat. 51. ________ there was no conclusive evidence, most people thought he was guilty. 52. Have you ever met a man who is always the centre of attention ________ he goes? 53. We climbed higher ________ we might see the scenes better. 54. A man can fail many times, but he isn't a failure ________ he begins to blame somebody else. 55. On the Spring Festival, there was less air pollution ________ fireworks were forbidden. 56. Tom had been studying French hard for nearly three years ________ he mastered it. 57. Some of my workmates prefer to send to our QQ group ________ news they've got. 58. The new policy allows a couple to have a second birth ________ either is an only child. 59. Anyone can get into the club, ______ he is a member there. 60. There can be no equality of opportunity ________ everyone follows the rules at their own game. 答案与解析 1.【答案】unless 【解析】考查连词辨析。句意：汤姆是如此独立，以至于他从来不征求父母的意见，除非他想得到他们的 支持。 2. 【答案】If 3. 【答案】Unless 【解析】考查连词词义辨析及语境理解。句意：除非你睡得好，否则一两个晚上之后，你会失去专注、计 划和保持动力的能力。 4. 【答案】Although 5. 【答案】until 【解析】考查连词。句意：如果你无法理解某个东西，你可能会研究，学习和他人探讨直到你解决为止。 6. 【答案】where 【解析】 试题分析：考查状语从句。be located in+地点名词，位于/坐落某地，where 引导的地点状语从句在此相当 于 in some place。句意：位于丝绸之路交汇处的江苏省将会对“一带一路”的建设做出更大的贡献。 7. 【答案】While 【解析】试题分析:句意:尽管网上购物已经改变了我们的生活,单数不是所有的影响都是积极的。While 引导 让步状语从句，意为“尽管，虽然”。 8. 【答案】While 【解析】试题分析:考查连词。 while 尽管; 然而;当..时;句意:尽管- -些人被成功的渴望驱使着，但是其他人 却被失败的恐惧驱使着前进。根据句意可知上下文之间存在转折关系，所以使用"while 尽管.. 9. 【答案】As 【解析】试题分析:句意:随着人口平均年龄的增长，越来越多的老人要照顾。 10. 【答案】left 【解析】试题分析:用作状语的从句叫状语从句。状语从句可置于句首、句末或句中，-般来说，状语从句都 比较完整。但是，在-一些状语从句中存在的省略问题，可以归纳为以下两点:1.when,while,if as if although\though as,until, once,whether,unless,where 等引导的从句中,如果其谓语为 be ,而主语与主句的主语相 同时,则从句的主语和be可省略。有时从句的主语为in时，也可省略it或从句中的有关成分。2.than,as,no matter what\who 等后面成分的省略。句意:如果电子游戏落入一个错误的人手中就能够产生一个不良影响。 11. 【答案】Once 【解析】试题分析:句意:一旦农田被毁坏，将需要许多年的时间才能得以恢复。 12. 【答案】 before 【解析】试题分析：句意：如果你错过这次机会，可能要等一的才会再有。It be 时间段 before ..表示 要。。多么才会。。。 13. 【答案】before 【解析】试题分析：句意：在我们解决问题之前，我们需要找到问题的根源。 14. 【答案】before 【解析】试题分析：考查连词。此题前一分句意为：还有一天；后一分句意为：你最喜欢的乐队现场表演。 15. 【答案】once 【解析】试题分析：句意：我相信一旦你了解这里的每个人，你将玩得很愉快。 16. 【答案】While 【解析】试题分析：考查连词辨析。这里是一个 while 引导的让步状语从句。结合句意：尽管学生都来自不 同的国家，他们在夏令营里面都相处得很好。 17. 【答案】unless 【解析】试题分析:句意:外面太冷了，你不要出去,除非用厚衣服完全裏起来。“unless fully covered”为连词+ 省略结构”，补充完整为“unless you are"。“连词+省略结构省略了从句的主语(与主句主语一致)和主语后的动 词 be。考生应根据前后句意判断出前后逻辑关系，然后选择正确答案。 18. 【答案】Where 【解析】试题分析：句意：曾经让他感到想放弃的地方，现在他决心继续前进。 19. 【答案】Though 【解析】试题分析：句意：虽然科学家已经了解到很多有关宇宙的知识，但是，我们仍然不知道的还有很 多。 20. 【答案】 Although 【解析】考查状语从句。句意：尽管这项工作需要占用大量的时间，但是大部分学生还是认为(从工作中获 得的)这些经验还是值得的。根据句意可知，主从句构成让步关系。 21. although/though 句意：虽然我不得不承认这位作家的书很令人兴奋，但是我真的不喜欢他。根据句意 可知此处表示让步，故填 although/though“虽然，尽管”。 22. where 句意：半个小时之后，露西在下公交车的地方仍然打不到出租车。通过分析可知本句缺少引导 地点状语从句的连词，所以填 where。 23. Even though/Even if/Though/Although 句意：尽管森林公园很远，每年还是有很多游客前去游览。根据 句意填 even though/even if/though/although“尽管，虽然”。 24. though/although 句意：虽然历史不能被改变，但是可以学习经验来面对未来。通过分析可知设空处引 导让步状语从句，所以填 though/although“虽然，尽管”。 25. so that/in order that 句意：Cathy 在她儿子出生时就已经辞去了工作，以便她能够待在家里抚养孩子。 根据句意填 so that/in order that 引导目的状语从句。 26. No sooner 句意：莫言一走上台，观众就爆发出雷鸣般的掌声。分析句子结构(主句的谓语动词用过去 完成时且主谓为部分倒装)可知，此处是 no sooner...than...(一……就……)的固定句式，故填 sooner。 27. before 句意：“nice”这个单词的含义在它最终包含“令人愉快的”含义之前经过了多次变化。根据句意填 before。 28. unless 句意：除非你全身心地投入到工作中，否则你永远也不会获得成功。根据分析可知设空处引导 条件状语从句，又根据句意可知填 unless。 29. before 句意：那对年轻的夫妇归还了我丢失的钱包。我还没来得及问他们的名字，他们就已经走了。 根据语境可知，作者在问他们名字之前，他们已经走了，故填 before。 30. case 句意：我出去一会儿，万一有任何重要事情发生，立即给我打电话。根据句意可知设空处为一种 假设的情况，所以填 In case“万一”。 31. when 句意：半夜，我的父亲把我叫醒并告诉我来看足球赛。根据语境可知，设空处引导一个时间状语 从句，表示“当……的时候”，故填 when。 32. however/no matter how 句意：一个人总能设法做更多的事情，无论他生活中的时间安排得有多满。 however 无论多么，引导让步状语从句时相当于 no matter how。 33. case 句意：度假时我随身带着我的驾驶证，以防我要租车。in case 以防。 34. Although/Though 句意：这家公司虽然小，但它在 30 多个国家有大约 1,000 个客户。根据句意判断， 前后是转折关系，故填 Although 或 Though。 35. Unless 句意：除非我们有足够的证据，否则我们不能胜诉。unless 除非。 36. since/now that/as/because 句意：马克需要学习汉语，因为他的公司正准备在北京开一家分公司。考查 原因状语从句，所以填 since/now that/as/because。 37. Whenever/No matter when 句意：无论何时我不得不进行一个演讲，在开始前我都会感到特别紧张。 whenever 无论何时，引导让步状语从句时相当于 no matter when。 38. wherever/no matter where 句意：在全球化的经济中，治疗癌症的新药无论在哪里被发现，都将在全世 界范围内创造出很多赚钱的机会。空格处引导让步状语从句，表示“无论在哪儿”，故填 wherever 或 no matter where。 39. before 句意：在做任何决定之前，你必须学会兼顾自己的情感和理智。before 在……之前。 40. when 句意：当你们有相似兴趣的时候，交朋友就容易多了。when 当(某种条件出现)时会(产生某种状 况)。 41. even if/though 句意：他非常忙，抽不出足够的时间来陪他的儿子，尽管他想去陪他。even if/though 即 使/尽管。 42. unless 句意：她说如果生意还没有起色的话，就不得不把店关掉。根据语境可知，此处应该是表达商 店关门的条件，即 if business doesn't improve，故用 unless(＝if...not)。 43. since 句意：自我从国外回来以来，已听到不少关于你的好事情。空格前的句子使用了现在完成时，空 格后是过去时，符合 since “自从……以来”的用法。 44. case 句意：把钥匙留给邻居以防有一天你把自己锁在外面。根据句意填 in case“以防”。 45. although/though 句意：尽管我不得不说你看起来确实面熟，但是我认为我们之前没有见过面。 although/though 虽然，尽管，引导让步状语从句。 46. when 句意：我刚到办公室，妻子就打电话让我回家。根据句型 hardly...when...一/刚……就……可知填 when。 47. Even if/Even though 句意：——看那些云彩！——别担心，即使下雨，我们也会玩得很开心。根据句 意可知填 Even if/Even though。 48. where 句意：为了毕业典礼，他把一切都放在了他想放的地方。根据 was placed(被放在)可知其后为地 点状语。 49. unless 句意：除非从欧盟获取更多的财政支持，否则希腊政府很难克服目前的困难。unless 除非。 50. However/No matter how 句意：不管你多么努力，如果不减少食量，想要减肥会很难。设空处引导让步 状语从句，根据空后的副词 hard 可知空格处应填 However 或 No matter how。 51. While 句意：虽然没有令人信服的证据，但大多数人都认为他有罪。从题干中的 no conclusive evidence 与后面的 guilty 看，这里表示转折，因此用 while 引导让步状语从句，表示“尽管，虽然”。 52. wherever 句意：你见过他无论走到哪里都是人们关注的焦点的这样一个人吗？根据句意可知此处为地 点状语从句，且表示强调语气，故用 wherever “无论哪里”。 53. so that 句意：我们爬得更高一些，以便我们可以更好地欣赏景色。根据句意可知，空后的从句表示目 的，所以要用 so that “以便”。 54. unless 句意：人可以失败很多次，但他不是一个失败者，除非他开始责怪别人。从句意可知，应用 unless 引导从句，表示“除非”。 55. where 此处为地点状语从句，表示“在禁放烟花的地方，空气污染较少”，故应使用 where 引导该地点 状语从句。 56. before 句意：在掌握法语之前，汤姆努力地学了将近三年。before “在……之前”。 57. whatever 句意：我的一些同事不管得到什么消息都喜欢发到我们的 QQ 群里。空后接的是不可数名词 news，结合句意可知应填 whatever。 58. if 句意：如果夫妇二人有一人是独生子女的话，新政策允许他们生第二胎。这里用 if 引导条件状语从 句，表示“如果”。 59. so long as 句意：只要是会员，任何人都可以进入俱乐部。这里用 so long as 表示“只要”。 60. unless 句意：除非每个人在他们自己的游戏中都遵守规则，否则就不可能有公平的机会。unless 表示“如 果不，除非”，符合句意。 Step 3 模拟精粹 语法填空 (1) (2020·昆明质检)Hotel guests in China might no __1__ (long) have to worry about waiting in line to check in. At the Alibaba’s futuristic (未来派的) hotels, guests can scan their IDs, take a photo and input personal details using a machine to check __2__ (they) in. The smart equipment will then provide a room key card after the information __3__ (check). The process will take less than a minute, according to the company. Targeting only Chinese customers for now, the new service will be __4__ (gradual) expanded globally. The rapid growth of mobile usage and mobile payment adoption can show __5__ convenient people’s life is becoming in China. Alibaba isn’t the only company __6__ introduces high-tech hotels. Smart LYZ, a Shenzhen-based company which focused __7__ developing AI technology and smart hotels, opened the first ever fully automated (自动化的) hotel in Chengdu, Sichuan, back in January. __8__ (travel) can book a room through Smart LYZ’s WeChat website, check in through a facial recognition machine, unlock the door with a __9__ (give) passcode or through its mobile app and finally, check out by pressing a button on the app. The AI Smart Room will undoubtedly be extremely attractive to guests, __10__ (create) the way for a new level of modernization and consumers’ satisfaction. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了智能宾馆的相关内容。 1．longer 考查固定搭配。句意：在中国，宾馆住客再也不用担心排队登记入住了。no longer 是固定搭配， 意为“不再”，故填 longer。 2．themselves 考查代词。此处表示完成他们自己的登记入住。故应用 they 的反身代词 themselves，作 check 的宾语。 3．is checked 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。此处表示在信息被核实之后。此处为一般性描述，应用 一般现在时，又根据语境并分析句子结构可知，主语 the information 与 check 之间为被动关系，且主语 为第三人称单数，故填 is checked。 4．gradually 考查副词。此处应用副词修饰其后的动词“expanded”。 5．how 考查宾语从句。此处表示“在中国人们的生活正在变得多么便利”。分析句子结构可知，此处引导 宾语从句，又根据语境可知，此处表示程度，故用连接副词 how“多么”。 6．that 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，指代先行词 the only company，在从句中 作主语，又根据先行词前面有 the only 修饰，故用 that 引导该定语从句。 7．on/upon 考查介词。此处表示“专注于研发 AI 技术和智能宾馆”。focus on/upon 是固定搭配，意为“集中”， 故填 on/upon。 8．Travel(l)ers 考查名词。此处表示“通过 Smart LYZ 的微信网页，旅客们就能预订房间”。根据语境可知， 此处应用名词的复数形式。 9．given 考查形容词。根据空前的 a 和空后的名词 passcode 可知，此处应用形容词 given“特定的”。 10．creating 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，主语 The AI Smart Room 与 create 为 逻辑上的主谓关系，故用 create 的现在分词形式 creating。 (2) (2020· 郑 州 质 检 )Chinese researchers have __1__ (successful) grown and harvested rice in the deserts of Dubai after developing a strain (品种) which __2__ (allow) the crop to grow in salt water. A team of scientists, __3__ (lead) by China’s “Father of Hybrid Rice”， Yuan Longping, have already started growing the crop in dilute (稀释的) seawater at home and are now bringing the technique to the Middle East. The big harvest of rice last year in the suburbs of Dubai far exceeded scientists’ expectations, according to a report by Xinhua News Agency. The high output — 7,500 kilograms per hectare compared with the __4__ (globe) average of 3,000 kilograms per hectare — has encouraged scientists to expand the project. They __5__ (plan) to set up a 100-hectare experimental farm in Dubai later last year. They will put it into regular use this year and then start expanding after 2020. The Dubai project is cooperation between China ’s Sea Rice Research and Development Center with the Private Office of Sheikh Saeed Bin Ahmed Al Maktoum. The two parties have signed an __6__ (agree) to promote seawater rice across the area to reduce the risk of food shortages in the future. While scientists in some countries __7__ water shortages are a serious concern have been developing desalination (脱盐) techniques to change seawater for use in agriculture, China has been working __8__ (develop) strains of salt-tolerant rice for the past four decades. Although __9__ is not yet clear how the Dubai project will be able to secure enough fresh water to dilute seawater __10__ large-scale rice planting, Chinese scientists have already started growing it closer to home on a commercial scale. 语篇解读：文章介绍了中国的研究人员在迪拜已成功种植并收获了一种用海水种植的水稻。 1．successfully 考查副词。修饰动词应用副词，根据空后的“grown and harvested”可知，此处应用副词 successfully。 2．allows 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据语境可知，此处叙述一般的情况，故应用一般现在时；空前 的“which”引导的是定语从句，which 在从句中作主语，指代先行词 a strain，为第三人称单数，故填 allows。 3．led 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，动词 lead 和其逻辑主语 A team of scientists 之间为动宾关系， 故此处应用过去分词短语作后置定语。 4．global 考查形容词。根据空前的“the”和空后的“average”可知，此处应用形容词 global 作名词 average 的 定语。 5．planned 考查动词的时态。根据本句的时间状语“later last year”可知，此处应用一般过去时，表示发生在 过去的动作。 6．agreement 考查名词。根据语境以及空前的“an”可知，此处应用 agree 的名词形式 agreement。 7．where 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词 countries，关系词在从句中 作地点状语，所以此处应用 where 来引导该从句。 8．to develop 考查非谓语动词。根据语境可知，过去四十年，中国一直致力于开发抗盐的水稻，此处表示 目的，故填 to develop。 9．it 考查 it 的用法。分析句子结构可知，此处应用 it 作形式主语，how 引导的从句作真正的主语。 10．for 考查介词。根据语境可知，此处表示稀释海水是为了大规模种植水稻，故用介词 for“为了”。 短文改错 I believe that interest can be developed. As for myself, I have long been fond language, but I had no interested in mathematics. Yet, I’m an UFO-lover. I’ve always kept read THE JOURNAL OF UFO RESEARCH. Recent, I’ ve read a lot books about out space. This made me to realize that biology, physics, chemistry and mathematics are as important and useful as language. I no longer hate mathematics now. This shows that once your interest is developed, you may do well in them. Interest can also enrich your life. Anyway, developing interest won’t cause you any harmful. Instead, you will be greatly reward. 答案： 第二句：fond 后加 of; interested→interest 第三句：an→a 第四句：read→reading 第五句：Recent→Recently; out→outer 第六句：去掉 to 第八句：them→it 第十句：harmful→harm 第十一句：reward→rewarded