专题 06 动词的时态和语态
Step 1 篇章品读
语法填空
【2020·全国三】
In ancient China lived an artist. ___61___ paintings were almost lifelike. The artist’s reputation had made him
proud. One day the emperor wanted to get his portrait (画像) done so he called all great artists to come and present
their ___62___ (fine) work, so that he could choose the best. The artist was sure he would. ___63___(choose), but
when he presented his masterpiece to the emperor’s chief minister, the old nan laughed. The wise old man told him
to travel to the Li River～perhaps he could learn a little from the greatest artist in the world.
Filled with ___64___ (curious), the artist packed his bags and left. ___65___ he asked the villagers on the
banks of the river where he could find the legendary (传奇的) artist, they smiled and ___66___ (point) down the
river. The next morning he hired a boat and set out ___67___ (find) the well-known painter. As the small boat
moved, ___68___ (gentle) along the river he was left speechless by the mountains being silently reflected in the
water. He passed milky white waterfalls and mountains in many shades of blue. And when he saw the mists rising
from the river and the soft clouds. ___69___ (surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears. The artist was
finally humbled (谦卑) by the greatest artist ____70____ earth, Mother Nature.
【答案】61. whose 62. finest 63. be chosen 64. curiosity 65. When/As
66. pointed 67. to find 68. gently 69. surrounding 70. On
【解析】
这是一篇记叙文。主要记叙了一位画家画画栩栩如生，有一天他将画送给宰相时，这位睿智的老人告诉他
去漓江旅行——也许他可以从世界上最伟大的艺术家那里学到一些东西。画家最后发现这位世界上最伟大
的艺术家就是大自然母亲。
【61 题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：中国古代有一位画家，他的画几乎栩栩如生。此处为定语从句修饰先行词 artist，且
先行词在从句中作定语，故应用关系代词 whose。故填 whose。
【62 题详解】
考查最高级。句意：一天，皇帝想让人给他画一幅肖像，于是他把所有伟大的画家都请来，展示他们最好
的作品，以便他挑选最好的。结合句意，皇帝想要画家最好的作品，表示“最好的”此处应用形容词最高
级 finest。故填 finest。
【63 题详解】
积出来的素养 读出来的高分
考查动词语态。句意：画家确信他会被选中，但是当他把他的杰作送给皇帝的宰相时，这位老人笑了。本
句中主语 he 与谓语动词 choose 构成被动关系，且 would 后跟动词原形。故填 be chosen。
【64 题详解】
.考查名词。句意：怀着好奇心，艺术家收拾行囊离开了。with 为介词，后跟名词 curiosity 作宾语，表示“好
奇心”。故填 curiosity。
【65 题详解】
考查连接词。句意：当他问河岸上的村民，他在哪里可以找到这位传奇艺术家时，他们笑着指着河的下游。
本句为时间状语从句，表示“当……时候”，且从句中动词 asked 为短暂性动作动词，不能用 while 引导，
故应用 when 或 as 引导。句首单词首字母要大写。故填 When/As。
【66 题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：当他问河岸上的村民，他在哪里可以找到这位传奇艺术家时，他们笑着指着河的下
游。根据上文 they smiled and 可知此处应用一般过去时。故填 pointed。
【67 题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：第二天早上，他租了一条船，出发去找这位著名的画家。结合句意表示“出发去
做某事”短语为 set out to do sth.，后跟不定式做目的状语。故填 to find。
【68 题详解】
考查副词。句意：当小船缓缓地沿着江面移动时，山在水中的倒影使他说不出话来。此处修饰动词 moved
应用副词 gently 作状语，表示“缓缓地”。故填 gently。
【69 题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：当他看到雾气从河上升起，山顶上乌云环绕，他不禁流下了眼泪。分析句子结构
可知，the soft clouds 69 (surround) the mountain tops 是独立主格结构做状语，surround 在句中应用非谓
语动词形式，与逻辑主语 clouds 构成主动关系，故应用现在分词。故填 surrounding。
【70 题详解】
考查介词。句意：这位艺术家最终被世界上最伟大的艺术家——大自然母亲所折服。结合句意表示“在世
界上”短语为 on earth。故填 on。
Step2 真题*模拟*单句练
1. (2019﹒新课标 III 卷﹒T69)On the last day of our week-long stay，we ___69___(invite)to attend a private
concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars
2. (2019﹒新课标 III 卷﹒T65)Our hosts shared many of their experiences and___65___(recommend)wonderful
places to eat，shop，and visit. For breakfast，we were able to eat papaya(木瓜)and other fruits from their trees in the
backyard.
3. (2019﹒新课标 II 卷)And the other is that I wanted to help people in need.
4. (2019﹒江苏﹒T22)The musician along with his band members ___________(give) ten performances in the last
three months.
5. (2019﹒江苏﹒T29)A few months after he had arrived in China, Mr. Smith ___________ (fall) in love with the
people and culture there.
6. (2019﹒天津﹒T2)I __________(hope) to send Peter a gift to congratulate him on his marriage，but I couldn't
manage it.
7. (2019﹒天津﹒T8)Amy, as well as her brothers, ____________ (give) a warm welcome when returning to the
village last week.
8. (2019﹒新课标 I 卷﹒T70)Of the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six
___70___ (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.
9. (2019﹒新课标 II 卷﹒T64)Picking up her“Lifetime Achievement”award，proud Irene ___64___(declare) she
had no plans __to retire__ (retire) from her 36-year-old business.
10. (2019﹒新课标 II 卷﹒T66)I don't see any reason to give up work. I love coming here and seeing my family
and all the friends I ___66___(make) over the years
11. (2018﹒北京﹒T1)—Hi, I’m Peter. Are you new here? I haven’t seen you around?
—Hello, Peter. I’m Bob. I just _________(start) on Monday.
12. (2018﹒北京﹒T4) Susan had quit her well-paid job and _________(work) as a volunteer in the neighborhood
when I visited her last year.
13. (2018﹒北京﹒T7)China’s high-speed railways _________(grow) from 9,000 to 25,000 kilometers in the past
few years.
14.(2018﹒北京﹒T9) A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who _________ (trap) in the mountains
for two days.
15. (2018﹒天津﹒T13) My washing machine ___________(repair) this week, so I have to wash my clothes by
hand.
16. (2018﹒江苏﹒T31)Hopefully in 2025 we will no longer be e-mailing each other, for we _______(develop)
more convenient electronic communication tools by then.
17. (2017﹒天津﹒T6)Nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and swimming, _________ (regard) as one of the
best all-round forms of exercise.
18. (2017﹒天津﹒T8)I ________ (drive) down to London when I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road.
19. (2016﹒北京﹒T23)—Excuse me, which movie are you waiting for?
—The new Star Wars. We ________(wait) here for more than two hours.
20. (2016﹒江苏﹒T29)Dashan, who _________(learn)crosstalk, the Chinese comedic tradition, for decades, wants
to mix it up with the Western stand-up tradition.
21. (2016﹒浙江﹒T9) Silk ______ (become) one of the primary goods traded along the Silk Road by about 100
BC.
22. (2015﹒北京﹒T22)--Did you enjoy the party?
--Yes,we___ (treat) by our hosts.
23. (2015﹒北京﹒T26)in the last few years,China ___(make) great achievements in environmental protection.
24. (2015﹒北京﹒T27)—Did you have difficulty finding Ann' house?
—Not really.She___(give)us clear directions and we were able to find it.easily?
25. (2015﹒北京﹒T30)—Dr. Jackson is not in his office at the moment.
—All right. I____(call) him later.
26. (2015﹒重庆﹒T1)—Is Peter coming?
—No, he____ (change) his mind after a phone call at the last minute.
27. (2015﹒重庆﹒T13)In my hometown, there is always a harvest supper for the farmers after all the wheat____
(be) cut.
28. (2015﹒天津﹒T9)Despite the previous rounds of talks, no agreement______(reach) so far by the two sides.
29. (2015﹒天津﹒T6)Jane can’t attend the meeting at 3 o’clock this afternoon because she ______ (teach)a class
at that time.
30. (2015﹒四川﹒T4)More expressways （ build） in Sichuan soon to promote the local economy.
31. (2015﹒陕西﹒T22) Mary (work) really hard on his book and thinks he’ll have finished it by Friday.
32. (2015﹒福建﹒T30)—Where is Peter? I can't find him anywhere.
—He went to the library after breakfast and _______ (write) his essay there ever since.
33. (2015﹒江苏﹒T30)The real reason why prices ____ (be), and still are, too high is complex, and no short
discussion can satisfactorily explain this problem.
34. (2015﹒安徽﹒T29)It is reported that a space station ______(build) on the moon in years to come.
35. (2015﹒安徽﹒T24)Just as I got to the school gate, I realized I ______(leave) my bank in the cafe.
36. (2015﹒湖南﹒T28)He must have sensed that I ________ (look)at him. He suddenly glanced at me and said
quietly, "Why are you staring at me like that?"
37. (2015﹒湖南﹒T25)I wasn't able to hide my eagerness when I ________（ask）, "What do you wish me to do
now?"
38. (2014·大纲全国卷)The reports went missing in 2012 and nobody ________ (see) them since.
39. (2014·北京卷)—Hi, let's go skating.
—Sorry, I'm busy right now. I ________ (fill) in an application form for a new job.
40. (2014·北京卷)—What time is it?
—I have no idea. But just a minute, I ________ (check) it for you.
41. (2014·北京卷)I found the lecture hard to follow because it ________ (start) when I arrived.
42. (2014·山东卷)Writing out all the invitations by hand was more time-consuming than we ________ (expect)．
43. (2014·山东卷)They made up their mind that they ________ (buy) a new house once Larry changed jobs.
44. (2014·重庆卷)James has just arrived, but I didn't know he ________ (come) until yesterday.
45. (2014·福建卷)—Haven't seen you for ages! Where have you been?
—I went to Ningxia and ________ (stay) there for one year, teaching as a volunteer.
46. (2014·安徽卷 )The twins, who ________ (finish) their homework, were allowed to play badminton on the
playground.
47. (2014·浙江卷)Sofia looked around at all the faces; she had the impression that she ________ (see) most of the
guests before.
48. (2014· 陕 西 卷 )During his stay in Xi'an, Jerry tried almost all the local foods his friends ________
(recommend)．
49. (2014·湖南卷)Since the time humankind started gardening, we ________ (try) to make our environment more
beautiful.
50. (2014·四川卷)She ________ (phone) someone, so I nodded to her and went away.
51. (2014·江西卷)—Tony, why are your eyes red?
—I ________(cut) up peppers for the last five minutes.
52. (2014·大纲全国卷)Unless some extra money ________ (find), the theatre will close.
53. (2013·课标全国卷Ⅰ)When I first met Bryan I didn't like him, but I ________(change) my mind.
54. (2013·北京卷)Hurry up! Mark and Carl ________(expect) us.
55. (2013·天津卷)The water supply has been cut off temporarily because the workers ________(repair) one of the
main pipes.
56. (2013·重庆卷)I felt very tired when I got home, and I ________(go) straight to bed.
57. (2013·山东卷)I didn't think I'd like the movie, but actually it ________(be) pretty good.
58. (2013·浙江卷)During the last three decades, the number of people participating in physical fitness programs
________(increase) sharply.
59. (2013·辽宁卷)He was unhappy when he sold his guitar. After all, he ________(have) it for a very long time.
60. (2013· 湖 南 卷 )Around two o'clock every night, Sue will start talking in her dream. It somewhat
________(bother) us.
61. (2013·四川卷)Hurry up, kids! The school bus ______(wait) for us!
62. (2013·安徽卷)I'm calling about the apartment you ________ (advertise) the other day. Could you tell me more
about it?
63. (2013·北京卷)Shakespeare's play Hamlet ________(make) into at least ten different films over the past years.
64. (2013· 辽 宁 卷 )We are confident that the environment ________(improve) by our further efforts to reduce
pollution.
65. (2013·湖南卷)If nothing ________(do), the oceans will turn into fish deserts.
66. (2013· 福 建 )The famous musician, as well as his students, ________(invite) to perform at the opening
ceremony of the 2012 Taipei Flower Expo.
67. (2012· 安 徽 卷 )After school we went to the reading-room to do some reading, only to be told that
it______(decorate)．
68. (2012· 课 标 全 国 )“Life is like walking in the snow ， ” Granny used to say, “because every step
________(show)．”
69. (2012·课标全国卷)I had been working on math for the whole afternoon and the numbers ________ (swim)
before my eyes.
70. (2012·安徽卷)Walmart, which is one of the largest American supermarket chains, ________(keep) some of its
stores open 24 hours on Mondays through Saturdays.
71. (2012·湖南卷)Close the door of fear behind you, and you ________(see) the door of faith open before you.
72. (2012·江苏卷)The manager is said to have arrived back from Paris where he ________(meet) some European
business partners.
73. (2012· 江 苏 卷 )The president hopes that the people will be better off when he quits than when he
________(start)．
74. (2012·辽宁卷)I feel so excited! At this time tomorrow morning I ________(fly) to Shanghai.
75. (2012· 浙 江 卷 )Peter had intended to take a job in business, but ________(abandon) that plan after the
unpleasant experience in Canada in 2010.
76. (2012·天津卷)The three of us ________(travel) around Europe for about a month last summer.
77. (2012·湖南卷)Don't worry. The hard work that you do now ________(repay) later in life.
78. (2012·天津卷)The letters for the boss ________(put) on his desk but he didn't read them until three days later.
79. (2011·重庆卷)That piece of music sounds quite familiar. Who ________(play) the piano upstairs?
80. (2011·课标全国卷Ⅰ)Planning so far ahead ________(make) no sense—so many things will have changed by
next year.
81. (2011·课标全国卷Ⅰ)When Alice came to, she did not know how long she ________(lie) there.
82. (2011·全国卷Ⅱ)If you don't like the drink you ________ (order), just leave it and try a different one.
83. (2011·天津卷)On her next birthday, Ann ______(marry) for twenty years.
84. (2011·上海卷)Did you predict that many students ______ (sign) up for the dance competition?
85. (2011·天津卷)In the last few years thousands of films ________ (produce) all over the world.
86. (2011·湖南卷)In the near future, more advances in the robot technology ________(make) by scientists.
87. (2011·北京卷)Experiments of this kind ________ (conduct) in both the U．S. and Europe well before the
Second World War.
88. (2011·上海卷)After getting lost in a storm, a member of the navy team ________(rescue) four days later.
89. (2010·全国卷Ⅱ)Linda, make sure the tables ________(set) before the guests arrive.
90. (2010· 北 京 卷 )In the spoken English of some areas in the US, the “r” sounds at the end of the words
________(drop)．
91. (2010· 福 建 卷 )Every year a flood of farmers arrive in Shenzhen for the money-making jobs they
________(promise) before leaving their hometowns.
92. (2010·上海卷)The church tower which ________(restore) will be open to tourists soon. The work is almost
finished.
93. (2010·全国卷Ⅰ)—Have you finished reading Jane Eyre?
—No, I ________(do) my homework all day yesterday.
94. (2010·全国卷Ⅰ)When you are home, give a call to let me know you ________(arrive) safely.
95. (2010·全国卷Ⅰ)Excuse me. I ________(not realize) I was blocking your way.
96. (2010·天津卷)We ________(work) on this project for four hours. Let's have a rest.
97. (2010·北京卷)—I'm sorry, but I don't quite follow you. Did you say you wanted to return on September 20?
—Sorry, I __________(not make) myself clear. We want to return on October 20.
98. The tourism of Linyi ________(see) a rapid growth over the last decade. Now it's the 2nd most visited city in
Shandong Province.
99. Jack doesn't smoke now, but he ________ (smoke) for almost twenty years.
100. If only I had got up a little earlier this morning! I ________(miss) the bus by only a minute and waited half an
hour for another.
101. —Sunny Taxi Service. Can I help you?
—My plane ________(take) off at 11：30 in the morning. Can you send a taxi no later than 9 o'clock?
102. This nationwide smog should serve as a reminder to all, indicating it's high time that we ________ (reflect) on
what we've done to the environment.
103. —That must have been a terrible experience.
—Yeah. I ________(stick) in the damaged car, unable to move.
104. This brand of knife is quite popular with customers, for it ________(cut) well.
105. —What's up? The house is in a mess.
—Oh, I forgot to tell you. It ________(repaint)．
106. The girl had been suffering from lung cancer, yet she acted as if nothing ________(happen) to her while we
were together.
107. Experiments on animals ________(conduct) long before the medicine was applied to patients.
108. In order to get good marks in the coming exam, my son ________(study) late every night in the past three
weeks.
答案与解析
1.【答案】were invited。
【解析】考查动词的时态和语态。由“on the last day of our week-long stay”可知，句子时态为一般过去时。根
据句意：我们被邀请去参加一场私人音乐会，所以用被动语态。主语为 we，故填 were invited。
2.【答案】recommended。
【解析】考查一般过去时。句意：我们的主人跟我们分享了很多他们的经历并推荐了一些很好的吃饭、购
物 和 参 观 的 地 方 。 “and” 前 后 两 个 动 作 “shared” 与 “recommended” 是 并 列 关 系 ， 时 态 一 致 。 故 填
recommended 。
3.【答案】And the other is
was that I wanted to help people in need.
【解析】考查一般过去时。本篇文章使用的全是一般过去时，且与最后一句并列的“one was that…”用的也是
一般过去时，所以最后一句话时态应为一般过去时。讲述当时做决定时的原因。故将 is 改为 was。
4.【答案】has given
【解析】考查现在完成时与主谓一致。句意：在过去的三个月里，这名音乐家与他的乐队成员已经完成了
十场演出。由“in the last three months”可知，这句话的时态为现在完成时。本句主语为 the musician，为第三
人称单数形式，句中的“along with his band members”是附加成分，故谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。
5.【答案】fell
【解析】考查动词的时态。句意：他到中国几个月后，就喜欢上了那里的人和文化。发生在 had arrived 之
后的动作或状态应用一般过去时。
6.【答案】had hoped
【解析】考查过去完成时。句意：我本来计划在 Peter 结婚时送他一个礼物的，可是我没有做到。第二个分
句中“couldn’t”用的是一般过去时，它之前的动作用过去完成时。
7.【答案】 was given
【解析】本题考查时态和语态。句意：艾米和他的兄弟们当上周回到村里时，受到了热烈的欢迎。根据 last
week 可知应用过去时。as well as 连接并列主语，谓语动词就前原则。这句话真正的主语是 Amy，她受到热
烈欢迎，所以用过去时的被动。
8.【答案】are
【解析】时态和考查主谓一致。根据 three are declining，此处数词 six 作主语，代指前文中的“polar bear
subpopulations”，故用复数谓语，一般现在时，故填 are。
9.【答案】declared。
【解析】考查谓语动词的时态。根据上下文可知，该句主语为 Irene，此处为谓语成分，根据后文 had 以及
said 可知用一般过去时态，故填 declared。
10.【答案】have made。
【解析】考查动词的时态。根据该定语从句中的时间状语“over the years”可知，此处用现在完成时态，句意：
我喜欢到这里来看看我的家人和我这些年来交到的朋友们。故填 have made。
11. 【答案】started
【解析】考查时态。句意：——嗨，我是彼得。你是新来的吗？我没有在附近见过你。——你好，彼得。
我是鲍勃。我周一刚刚开始住在这儿。根据两人谈话内容可知，Bob 现在在这儿，他开始(start)住在这儿是
发生在周一的事情，周一是一个过去的时间，故该句应用一般过去时态。
12. 【答案】 was working
13.【答案】have grown
【解析】考查时态。句意：在过去的几年里，中国的高速铁路已经从 9,000 公里增长到 25,000 公里。该句
时间状语为 in the past few years。中国高速铁路的增长是从过去一直到现在几年里的情况，故该句应用现在
完成时态。
14.【答案】had been trapped
【解析】考查语态和时态。句意：一个救援人员冒着生命危险挽救了两个被困在山里两天的旅游者。“who ___
in the mountains for two days”是定语从句，修饰 two tourists，two tourists 和 trap 之间是被动关系，该空应用
被动语态。由 risked 可知，营救人员救游客是过去的事情，被困两天发生在营救人员救了他们之前，即“过
去的过去”，该空应用过去完成时态。
15. 【答案】is being repaired
【解析】考查时态。句意：这周我的洗衣机正在修，所以我不得不手洗衣服。根据后句 so I have to wash my
clothes by hand.可知，洗衣机正在修，故用现在进行时态的被动语态。
16.【答案】will have developed
【解析】考查时态。句意：希望在 2025 年，我们不再互相发电子邮件，因为到那时候我们将开发更方便的
电子通信工具。根据时间状语 in 2025，可知用将来时；再根据时间状语 by then 到那时，可知用完成时。结
合两者可知用将来完成时。
17.【答案】is regarded
【解析】
试题分析：句意：现在骑自行车、慢跑和游泳被认为是最全面的锻炼方式之一。根据动词短语 regard...as…
(把……看做……)和句意确定应该用被动语态；由介词短语 along with 连接的三个名词作主语，谓语动词应
该就前一致，即用单数。
18.【答案】was driving
【解析】
试题分析：根据固定句型：was/ were doing sth + when…(正在做某事，就在这时突然)可知选 A。
19.【答案】have been waiting
【解析】
试题分析：题目考查时态。句意：——打扰了，你们在等哪一部电影？——《星球大战》，我们已经在这儿
等了两个多小时了。“for+时间段”与完成时连用，根据语境可知，说话的时候仍然在等，因此用现在完成进
行时。
20.【答案】has been learning
【解析】
试题分析：考查时态。本句的时间状语是“for decades 几十年来”，该时间状语通常和现在完成的有关时态连
用，本句强调这几十年来大山一直努力把中国相声和西方的脱口秀相结合。所以使用现在完成进行时，强
调动作的延续性和反复性。
21.【答案】had become
【解析】
试题分析： 句意：到公元前 100 年为止，丝绸已经成为丝绸之路上交易的主要商品之一。时间状语是 by+
过去时间，谓语用过去完成时。
22. 【答案】were treated
【解析】试题分析：句意：——你喜欢这个聚会吗？——是的，我们的主人很好的招待了我们。根据上一
句中的 did 可知用一般过去时；且 we 和 treated 是动宾关系，用被动语态。空中应用一般过去时的被动语态。
23.【答案】has made
【解析】试题分析：句意：在过去的这些年里，中国在环境保护中取得了很大的成就。由时间状语 in the last
few years 可推知动作从过去一段时间持续到现在并对现在造成影响，用现在完成时。故选 A。
24.【答案】had given
【解析】试题分析:句意:一你觉得找到安娜家的位置困难么?一 不会。她告诉我们很清晰的方向，并且我们
很容易就找到了。根据题干可知，安娜告诉他们方向发生在他们找到她家之前，因此，发生在过去动作之
前的动作要采用过去完成时。
25. 【答案】will call
【解析】试题分析：句意：——Dr.Jackson 现在不在办公室。——好的，我待会再打给他。由 later 可知，
表示的是将来要执行的动作，用一般将来时。
26.【答案】 changed
【解析】试题分析：句意：彼得来了吗？没有，刚才接到一个电话后改变主意了。根据 at the last minute 在
最后一秒可能发生在过去，故用一般过去时。
27.【答案】 has been
【解析】试题分析：句意：在我的家乡，麦子丰收过后农民会有一个庆祝晚餐。现在完成时表示动作已经
完成，才会举行庆祝活动。
28.【答案】 has been reached
【解析】试题分析：句意：尽管之前多轮谈判，但到目前为止双方没有达成任何协议。根据句中的时间状
语 so far“到目前为止”可知用现在完成时。主语 agreement 与 reach 为被动关系，根据句意可知 填 has been
reached 。
29. 【答案】will be teaching
【解析】试题分析：句意：简不能参加今天下午 3 点钟的会议，因为她那个时候在一个班上课。根据句中
的时间状语 at that time，指代 at 3 o’clock this afternoon，表示在将来的某一时刻正在做某事，故用将来完成
时。
30.【答案】will be built
【解析】试题分析：考查时态。本句为时态题，根据时间状语 soon 可知，考查了将来时。句意为：四川将
建设更多的高速公路以促进当地的经济。
31.【答案】has worked
【解析】试题分析：句意：Marty 一直努力写书，我想他到周五为止将已经完成了。用现在完成进行时表示
从过去到现在一直进行的动作。
32.【答案】had written
【解析】试题分析:考查现在完成进行时。根据句意:--彼得在那里，我哪儿都找不到他。--他在早餐过后就去
了图书馆，然后自从那以后他就一直在那里写论文。从句意中可以知道彼得是吃过早餐之后去了图书馆，
从那个时候开始他就一直在写论文，这个动作一直延续到了现在,所以用现在完成时。现在完成进行时表示
动作从某一-时间开始，一直持续到现在。
33.【答案】were
【解析】试题分析：句意：过去和现在价格一直居高不下的真正原因很复杂，简短的讨论解释这一问题无
法让人满意。根据题干中“and still are”的提示可知过去价格也居高不下，故用一般过去时，表示过去的状态。
34.【答案】will be built
【解析】试题分析：句意：据报道，人们在接下来的几年里将在月球上建一个空间站。根据“in years to come”
可知用将来时，space station 和 build 是动宾关系，应该使用被动语态。
35.【答案】had left
【解析】试题分析：句意：我刚一到学校门口，就意识到我把书落在餐馆了。realized 后省略了 that，这里
是一个宾语从句，从句时态与主句保持一致，“落下”的动作发生在“意识到”之前，应该用过去完成时。
36.【答案】was looking
【解析】试题分析：过去进行时，是表示过去某个具体时刻正在进行的事情或动作，如果没有具体的时间，
可以从意义上去把握。句意：他一定是注意到我在看着他。他突然看向我然后轻声问道：“你为什么要那样
盯着我看？”根据分析，此句在意义上应该用进行时，又根据此句中的 must have sensed 和 glanced at 可知是
过去进行时。
37.【答案】asked
【解析】试题分析：一般过去时表示过去某个时间里发生的动作，常和表示过去的时间状语连用。此题主
句的时态为一般过去时，表示这个事情和动作发生在过去，故从句时态也要用一般过去时。句意：我不能
隐藏我的渴望，当我问道，“你现在希望我做些什么？”。
38. has seen 句意：这些报告在 2012 年就丢失了，此后再也没人见到过它们。由题干中的 since 可知，应
用现在完成时。
39. am filling 句意：——嗨，咱们去滑冰吧。——对不起，我现在忙着呢。我正在填一张新工作申请表。
根据题干中的 I'm busy right now 可推知 fill in 这一动作正在进行，故用现在进行时。
40. will check 句意：——现在几点了？——我不知道，不过等一下，我帮你看看。根据句意可知答话者此
刻也不知道几点，因此“我帮你看看”是接下来要发生的动作，故使用一般将来时。
41. had started 句意：我发现我很难明白讲座的内容，因为当我到的时候它已经开始了。题干中的语境为
过去时，根据句意可知空格处发生的动作先于 arrived，故使用过去完成时。
42. had expected 句意：手写所有的请柬比我们预期的更加耗时。主句的时态是一般过去时，根据句意可
知 expect 的动作发生在主句谓语动词所表示的动作之前，所以该空表示“过去的过去”，应用过去完成时。
43. would buy 句意：他们决定一旦拉里换了工作，他们就买座新房子。that 引导的从句为复合句，其中
once 引导的时间状语从句用的是一般过去时，故主句用过去将来时。
44. was coming/would come 句意：詹姆斯刚到，但是直到昨天我才知道他会来。主句的谓语动词是一般过
去时，从句的时态应用过去的某种时态，根据句意可知该空表示过去将要发生的动作，所以要用过去将来
时。
45. stayed 句意：——好长时间没见到你了！你去哪儿了？——我去宁夏支教了一年。答句由 and 连接两
个并列的谓语动词，根据 went 及句意可知，此处表示的动作发生在过去，“待”这个动作与 went 这个动作几
乎同时发生，故用一般过去时态。
46. had finished 句意：这对双胞胎已经完成家庭作业了，他们被允许在操场上打羽毛球。根据题干可知“被
允许在操场上打羽毛球”这个动作发生在过去，而“完成家庭作业”这个动作发生在“被允许在操场上打羽毛
球”这个动作之前，是“过去的过去”，故用过去完成时。
47. had seen 句意：Sofia 看了看四周所有的人。她印象中她以前见过这些客人中的大多数。设空处所缺的
动词表示的动作发生在主句谓语动词动作之前，同时有时间状语 before，故用过去完成时。
48. had recommended 句意：Jerry 在西安逗留期间，他几乎尝遍了朋友推荐的所有的当地食物。由 tried 可
知，定语从句要用相应的过去时态；“他的朋友推荐”这个动作发生在 tried 这个动作之前，即“过去的过去”，
故用过去完成时。
49. have been trying 句意：自从人类开始从事园艺工作以来，我们就一直在努力使我们的环境更美。根据
Since the time humankind started gardening 以及 try to make our environment more beautiful 这一动作现在还在
进行可知，设空处需用现在完成进行时。
50. was phoning 句意：她当时正在给某人打电话，所以我对她点点头走开了。根据句意可知该空表示过去
某一时间正在发生的动作，所以要用过去进行时。
51. have been cutting 句意：——托尼，为什么你的眼睛红了？——过去的五分钟里我一直都在剁辣椒。根
据本题中的 for the last five minutes 可以判断动作从过去开始，持续到现在，并且可能现在还在进行，故用
现在完成进行时。
52. is found 句意：除非找到一些额外资金，否则这家剧院就得关门。由主句中的 will 可知 unless 引导的
从句应用一般现在时态表将来，且 money 和 find 之间是被动关系，故答案为 is found。
53. have changed 句意：当我第一次见到 Bryan 时我不喜欢他，但我现在已经改变了看法。根据转折连词
but 可知，前后两句表示今昔对比，即“我”现在已经改变看法了，故用现在完成时。
54. are expecting 句意：快点！Mark 和 carol 正等着咱们呢。根据题干中的 Hurry up 可知此处表达 expect
的动作正在进行中。
55. are repairing 句意：因为工人们正在修其中一条主管道，所以供水系统临时被切断了。根据语境可知设
空处表示现在的情况且正在进行，故用现在进行时。
56. went 句意：回到家的时候我感到非常累，就直接上床睡觉了。题中空格处谓语动词应与 felt 保持时态
一致，故用一般过去时。
57. was 句意：我原以为我不会喜欢这部电影的，但是事实上这部电影非常好。根据语境和题干可知空格
处应该用一般过去时。
58. has increased 句意：在过去的 30 年中，参加健身项目的人数急剧增加。during/over/for the last three
decades 作状语，句子常用现在完成时。
59. had had 句意：当他卖掉他的吉他的时候，他很不高兴。毕竟，他已经拥有它好长时间了。根据句意得
知：拥有吉他在前，卖掉吉他在后，所以“拥有”的动作发生在过去的过去，应用过去完成时。
60. bothers 句意：每天晚上大约两点钟的时候，Sue 就开始说梦话。这有点打扰我们。根据语境可知设空
处指的是现在的经常性动作，所以用一般现在时。
61. is waiting 句意：快一点儿，孩子们！校车在等我们呢！根据语境可知，设空处表示现在正在发生的事
情，故用现在进行时。
62. advertised 句意：我打电话是想了解一下前几天你做过广告的那所公寓，能告诉我关于它更多的信息
吗？句中的时间状语 the other day(＝a few days ago 几天前)暗示要用一般过去时。
63. has been made 句意：在过去的数年里，莎士比亚的戏剧《哈姆雷特》被制作成了至少十部不同的电影。
通常情况下，题干中出现 over the past years “在过去的数年里”，句子用现在完成时态，又因 play 与 make 之
间为被动关系，故设空处用现在完成时的被动语态。
64. will be improved 句意：我们相信，通过我们进一步减少污染的努力，环境会有所改善。题干中的 are 表
明语境是现在时，空格处的动作是将来发生的且 environment 与 improve 之间为被动关系，故用一般将来时
的被动语态。
65. is done 句意：如果不采取措施的话，海洋将会变成鱼的沙漠。nothing 与 do 之间为被动关系；if 引
导的条件状语从句用一般现在时表将来。
66. was invited 句意：那位著名音乐家和他的学生应邀在 2012 年台北花博会开幕式上演出了。题干中的主
语是 the famous musician，是单数形式，与 invite 之间是被动关系；根据 the 2012 Taipei Flower Expo 可知需
用一般过去时态，故空格处填一般过去时的被动语态。
67. was being decorated 句意：放学后，我们去阅览室看书，结果被告知阅览室正在装修。根据句中的 went
可知，空格处也应该用过去的某种时态；根据句意可知空格处叙述正在发生的情况；根据 it(the readingroom)
与 decorate 之间的关系可知用被动语态。故空格处用过去进行时的被动语态。
68. shows 句意：奶奶过去常说：“生活就如在雪地里走路，因为每一步都显而易见。”表示事物本身的属
性、特征时，谓语动词用一般现在时，结合“Life is like walking in the snow”的时态可知答案。show 在句中
为不及物动词，意为“显示出，流露出”。
69. swam 句意：整个下午我都在做数学题，眼前全是数字。and 前的句子为过去完成进行时，表示过去
一直在做某事，and 后的句子陈述“过去那个时刻的事实”，故用一般过去时态。
70. keeps 句意：沃尔玛，美国最大的连锁超市之一，让它的一些连锁店从周一到周六 24 小时营业。考查
时态和主谓一致。依句意可知，该句叙述的是现在的客观事实，所以用一般现在时；其次，主语为 Walmart(第
三人称单数形式)，所以谓语动词用 keeps。
71. will see 句意：关上身后的恐惧之门，你就会看到信心之门在你面前打开。本题采用“祈使句＋and＋陈
述句”形式考查时态。在此句型中，祈使句相当于 if 引导的条件状语从句，陈述句相当于主句。祈使句表示
将来，故后面的陈述句应该用一般将来时。
72. had met 句意：据说，经理已经从巴黎回来了，在那儿他会见了一些欧洲的生意伙伴。根据题意可知，
“回来”发生在过去，“会见”欧洲的生意伙伴发生在“回来”之前，即过去的过去，需用过去完成时态。
73. ．started 句意：总统希望在他离任时民众(的生活)比他就任时更富裕。根据语境可知，设空处动作发
生在过去，所以需用一般过去时态。
74. will be flying 句意：我觉得特别兴奋！明天早晨的这个时候我就在飞往上海的飞机上了。根据时间状
语 At this time tomorrow morning 可知，设空处表示明天早晨的这一时间点正在发生的事情，故用将来进行
时。
75. abandoned 句意：彼得本打算从商，但是 2010 年在加拿大那次不愉快的经历使得他放弃了那个计划。
根据句意，空格处表示的是发生在过去的事情，故用一般过去时。
76. traveled 句意：去年夏天，我们三个人在欧洲旅行了大约一个月。根据时间状语 last summer 可知用一
般过去时。
77. will be repaid 句意：不要担心。你现在所付出的努力在今后的生活中会得到回报。根据 later in life 可
知设空处用一般将来时，又因为主语 The hard work 与谓语动词(repay)之间为被动关系，故用一般将来时的
被动语态。
78. were put 句意：给老板的信放在了他的桌子上，但他三天后才读。根据语境及 but 分句的时态可知前
一分句也应该用一般过去时，又因为 letters 与 put 之间为被动关系，所以用一般过去时的被动语态。
79. is playing 句意：那段音乐听起来十分熟悉。谁在楼上弹钢琴？根据句意可知，本句说的是现在的事情
且动作正在进行，故用现在进行时。
80. makes 句意：这么早计划没有什么意义——到明年很多事情就会变了。一般现在时指经常发生的事或
存在的状态，由句意可知本句表达目前的状况，符合一般现在时的用法。
81. had been lying 句意：当艾丽斯苏醒过来的时候，她不知道自己已在那儿躺了多久。由句意可知，“她
躺在那儿”发生在 came to 和 did not know 之前，且表示动作的延续，应用过去完成进行时。
82. ordered 句意：如果你不喜欢你点的饮料，那就别喝了，试试其他的(饮料)吧。由语境可知，点饮料是
过去发生的事情，故应用一般过去时。
83. will have been married 句意：到下一次过生日的时候，Ann 结婚就要满二十年了。根据句中的 next
birthday 可知要用将来时，再根据 for twenty years 可知要表达“完成”之意，所以设空处用将来完成时。
84. would sign 句意：你是否曾预测有许多学生会报名参加舞蹈比赛？that 引导宾语从句，由主句中的 did
可确定从句用过去时；根据 predict 可知从句的动作应该发生在将来。
85. have been produced 句意：在过去的几年里，全世界已经制作了成千上万部电影。in the last/past few
years(在过去的几年里)通常与现在完成时连用，另外，根据句意及句子结构可知此句为被动含义，所以用现
在完成时的被动语态。
86. will be made 句意：在不久的将来，科学家们将会在机器人技术方面取得更多的进步。根据时间状语
In the near future 可以确定该句的时态为一般将来时，而句子的主语 more advances 和 make 之间是被动关
系，故用一般将来时的被动语态。
87. had been conducted 句意：第二次世界大战之前，在美国和欧洲就曾进行过这种实验。experiments 与
conduct 之间为被动关系，且 conduct 这一动作发生在第二次世界大战之前，即过去的过去，所以用过去完
成时的被动语态。
88. was rescued 句意：海军小组的一名成员在一场暴风雨中失踪四天后获救。member 和 rescue 之间是被
动关系，另外，句子只是在陈述过去发生的事情，所以用一般过去时的被动语态。
89. are set 句意：琳达，要保证在客人来之前把餐具摆好。关键同 make sure 要求从句用一般现在时，且
the tables 与 set 之间为被动关系，故用一般现在时的被动语态。
90. are dropped 句意：在美国一些地方的口语中，单词结尾的字母“r”的发音通常被略掉。通过题干可以判
断出 sounds 和 drop 之间为被动关系，故用被动语态；另外，题干中所提为普遍现象，应用一般现在时。
91. have been promised 句意：每年相当多的农民工到深圳寻求可以挣到很多钱的工作。在离开家乡之前，
已经有人承诺他们会得到这样的工作。they 与 promise 之间为被动关系，故应该用被动语态；在离开家乡之
前，往往已经有人承诺他们会得到这样的工作，故用现在完成时。
92. is being restored 句意：正在修复的教堂塔不久就会对游客开放。修复工作差不多快完成了。根据语境，
主语 church tower 和动词 restore 之间是被动关系，故用被动语态，又由句意可知修复工作还未完成，所以
用现在进行时的被动语态。
93. was doing 句意：——你读完《简·爱》了吗？——没有，我昨天一整天都在写作业。根据 all day yesterday
可知设空处表示过去正在进行的行为，故用过去进行时态。
94. have arrived 句意：你到家后给我打个电话，好让我知道你已安全抵达。从语境看，说话者关心对方是
否已经安全到达，故用现在完成时。
95. didn't realize 句意：抱歉，我没有意识到挡了你的路。“意识到”这个动作应该发生在过去，故用一般过
去时。
96. have been working 句意：我们已经连续做这个项目四个小时了，休息一下吧。根据语境中“休息一下吧”
可知工作尚未完成，又结合题干中的 for four hours 可推知设空处应该用现在完成进行时态。
97. haven't made 句意：——抱歉，我不太明白你的意思。你刚才是说你们想在 9 月 20 日返回吗？——对
不起，是我没有表述清楚。我们想在 10 月 20 日返回。根据句意可以看出“没有表述清楚”是当前的一种情况，
是说话人做过的事情对现在的一种影响，现在完成时表明现在的情况和影响，符合题意。
98. has seen 句意：在过去的十年，临沂见证了本地区旅游业的快速发展。现在临沂已经成为山东省第二
大旅游城市。根据题干中的 over the last decade 可推知设空处需用现在完成时。
99. smoked 句意：杰克现在不抽烟，但他过去抽了近 20 年。前后两句表示对比，设空处表示过去的习惯
性动作，故用一般过去时。考生误认为“for＋一段时间”是完成体的记号，其实不然，当表示一个行为持续
到现在有多长时间时，才能用现在完成时；只有表示一个行为一直持续到过去有多长时间才用过去完成时。
100. missed 句意：要是我今天早晨早点起床就好了！我只以一分钟之差错过了那辆公共汽车，又等了半
个小时才等来了另一辆。设空处介绍的是过去的情况，故用一般过去时。
101. takes 句意：——阳光出租车服务。我能帮您吗？——我要乘坐的航班上午 11：30 起飞，你能在 9 点
前派一辆出租车吗？介绍飞机、火车等公共交通工具的时刻表常用一般现在时。
102. should reflect/reflected 句意：这种全国范围内的雾霾天气应该作为一个提醒，提醒我们所有的人：是
时候对我们对环境的所作所为做出反省了。It is high time＋that 从句，that 从句的谓语动词需用过去式或
should＋动词原形。
103. was stuck 句意：——那一定是次可怕的经历。——是的。当时我被卡在破损的车里动不了。考查一
般过去时的被动语态。
104. cuts 句意：因为这个品牌的刀子很好用，所以它在顾客中很受欢迎。本句表示主语目前的某种属性特
征，故用一般现在时的主动形式表示被动意思，此外主语 it 为单数第三人称，故 cut 后需加“s”。
105. is being repainted 句意：——发生什么事了？房子乱七八糟的。——噢，我忘了告诉你了。这座房子
正在重新粉刷。根据语境可知，设空处表示正在进行的动作，且主语 it 与 repaint 之间为被动关系，故答
案为 is being repainted。
106. had happened 句意：那个女孩儿一直受肺癌之苦，然而我们在一起时她表现得好像什么都没发生过似
的。as if 引导的从句中的谓语动词指过去的情况，故设空处需用过去完成时，happen 为不及物动词，不能
用于被动语态，故答案为 had happened。
107. had been conducted 句意：这种药在应用在病人身上前，在动物身上做了很长时间的实验。experiments
与 conduct 之间为被动关系，故用被动语态；“做实验”先于“应用于病人”，故设空处需用过去完成时，故答
案为 had been conducted。
108. has been studying 句意：为了在即将来临的考试中获得好成绩，在过去的 3 周内我儿子每晚都学习到
深夜。根据时间状语“in the past three weeks”可知设空处应该用现在完成进行时。
Step 2
语法填空
(2020·昆明高三模拟)Coronaviruses are a whole family of viruses. For the most part, they don’t cause any
real illness except the __1__ (occasion) cold. But from time to time, there is a rogue (变异的) coronavirus that
develops. This new virus, like those other rogue viruses, probably first __2__ (pass) on to humans from animals in
2019.
The symptoms are similar __3__ flu. It is a respiratory (呼吸道) virus at the beginning. If you get the disease,
you __4__ (have) a fever, cough and just feel uncomfortable.
We don’t have __5__ direct anticoronavirus treatment. We can just manage the patients through symptomatic
care and supportive care. Many patients already have survived this __6__ (infect)．
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention have this top of the mind. They have sent over a hundred
people to New York, to San Francisco __7__ Los Angeles. They will be screening people, __8__ are arriving
from particularly Wuhan, China, __9__ (see) whether they are sick or not. Laboratories around the world, are now
working on __10__ (develop) a rapid diagnostic test and the other thing they are doing is starting to work on a
vaccine.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了 2019 年爆发的新冠肺炎的一些情况。
1．occasional 考查形容词。作定语修饰名词，所以用形容词，故填 occasional。
2．was passed 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。由“in 2019”可知，用一般过去时态；表示“被传给”，所以
用被动语态；主语 This new virus 为单数，故填 was passed。
3．to 考查介词。句意：症状与流感相似。be similar to “类似于”，故填 to。
4．will have 考查时态。if 引导的条件状语从句用一般现在时态，主句应该用一般将来时态，故填 will
have。
5．a 考查冠词。句意：我们没有直接的抗冠状病毒治疗。表示泛指，所以用不定冠词，故填 a。
6．infection 考查名词。作宾语，所以用名词；前面有 this，所以用单数名词，故填 infection。
7．and 考查连词。根据句意“他们已经向纽约、旧金山和洛杉矶派出了一百多人”可知，前后是并列关
系，故填 and。
8．who 考查定语从句。先行词为 people，在非限制性定语从句中作主语，所以用 who。
9．to see 考查非谓语动词。句意：他们将对特别是来自中国武汉的人进行筛查，看他们是否生病。作
目的状语，所以用不定式，故填 to see。
10．developing 考查非谓语动词。作介词的宾语，所以用动名词，故填 developing。
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