专题 05 介词及介词短语
Step 1 篇章品读
语法填空
【2020·全国二】
Thank you for your letter, what really made me happy. I’m glad to know that you’ve come China to learn kung
fu in a school in my hometown. I’m surely you’ll have a good time. Actually, I start to learn kung fu when I was
seven years old, for I have long been out of practice. Luckily, I will go home in two weeks for summer vacations.
Then I can spare some time to learn it again, such that we can practice together on every day. Best of luck with
yours learning kung fu in China. See you sooner.
【答案】1.what→which2.come 后加 to3.surely→sure4.start→started5.for→but / yet6.vacations→vacation
7.such→so8.去掉 on9.yours→your / you10.sooner→soon
【分析】
这是一篇记叙文。文章作者给他的朋友回信。很高兴听说他的朋友在学功夫，也很期待能和他一起学习中
国功夫。
【详解】1.考查非限制性定语从句。句意：谢谢你的来信，你的信真正让我开心。分析句子，逗号后的从句
为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 your letter，关系词在从句中作主语，指物，that 不能引导非限制性定语
从句。故将 what 改为 which.
2. 考查固定搭配。句意：我很高兴知道你来中国在我家乡的一所学校学习功夫。分析句子，此处 come 为不
及物动词，后接宾语是需加相应介词。come to 译为“来到”是故定短语。故在 come 和 China 之间加 to。
3. 考查形容词。句意：我相信你会玩得很开心的。分析句子，此处 be 动词 am 后面需用形容词作表语。故
将 surely 改为 sure。
4.考查时态。句意：事实上，我七岁时就开始学功夫了。分析句子，此处动词 start 讲述的是 7 岁的时候，
动词应该用过去时。故将 start 改为 started。
5.考查连词。句意：但我早就不练习了。分析句子，此处前句提到“我 7 岁开始学功夫”，后句提到“很久没
有练习了”。此处前后应是转折关系。故将 for 改为 but / yet。
6.考查不可数名词。句意：幸运的是，两周后我就要回家过暑假。分析句子，vacation 译为“假期”是个不可
数名词，后面不可加 s 表示复数。Summer vacation 译为“暑期”是固定搭配。故将 vacations 改为 vacation。
7.考查副词。句意：然后我就可以抽出时间重新学习它，这样我们就可以每天一起练习。分析句子，此处应
表示“以便；所以”。故将 such 改为 so.
8.考查介词。句意：我们就可以每天一起练习。介词 on 后接的是具体时间。every day 译为“每一天”，前不
积出来的素养 读出来的高分
能用有任何介词修饰。故 on 多余，应去掉。
9.考查代词。句意：祝你在中国学习功夫好运。分析句子，best luck of you 译为“祝你好运”是固定短语。故
将 your 改为 you。/句中的 yours 为名词性物主代词，不可修饰后面的动名词。故将 yours 改为 your。
10.考查固定短语。句意：希望尽快见到你。See you soon 译为“希望尽快见到你”，是固定短语。此处不需
用比较级。故将 sooner 改为 soon。
Step2 真题*模拟*单句练
1. (2019﹒江苏﹒T27)Favorable policies are ___________ (effect) to encourage employees' professional
development.
2. (2019﹒浙江﹒T61)But can uniforms help improve school standards? The answer ___61___ this question is not
clear.
3. (2019﹒新课标 I 卷﹒T63)Modem methods ___63___ tracking polar bear populations have been employed only
since the mid-1980s, and are expensive to perform (perform) consistently over a large area.
4. (2018﹒北京﹒T14)—Good morning, Mr. Lee’s office.
—Good morning. I’d like to make an appointment _________ next Wednesday afternoon.
5. (2018﹒江苏﹒T33)China’s soft power grows in line_______ the increasing appreciation and understanding of
China globally.
6. (2017﹒北京﹒T35)Many people who live along the coast make a living _______ fishing industry.
7. (2017﹒江苏﹒T32)Determining where we are in relation_______ our surroundings remains an essential skill
for our survival.
8. (2017﹒天津﹒T12)When you drive through the Redwood Forests in California, you will be _________ trees
that are over 1,000 years old.
9. (2017﹒天津﹒T13)We offer an excellent education to our students. ________return, we expect students to
work hard.
10. (2016﹒浙江﹒T6)That young man is honest , cooperative , always there when you need his help .______
short , he's reliable.
11. (2015 ﹒ 重 庆 ﹒ T10) Last year was the warmest year on record, with global temperature 0.68 ℃____ the
average.
12. (2015﹒浙江﹒T3) Have you ever heard of the trees that are homes animals both on land and sea?
13. (2015﹒浙江﹒T17) These comments came in response specific questions often asked by local
newsmen.
14. (2015﹒浙江﹒T10) Most people work because it’s unavoidable. contrast, there are some people
who actually enjoy work.
15. (2015﹒陕西﹒T12)The little pupil took his grandma the arm and walked her across the street.
16. (2015﹒福建﹒T22)A common memory they all have ____ their school days is the school uniform.
17. (2015﹒江苏﹒T34)Many of the things we now benefit from would not be around but _______ Thomas
Edison.
18. (2015﹒安徽﹒T33)They believe that there are transport developments ______ the corner that will bring a
lot of changes for the better.
19. (2015﹒湖北﹒T30)This meeting room is a non-smoking area. I would like to warn you _____advance that if
you smoked here you would be fined.
20. (2014·北京卷)Jane is in a hurry because the train to the airport leaves ________ half an hour.
21. (2014·天津卷)________ to the school, the village has a clinic, which was also built with government support.
22. (2014·重庆卷)She drove so fast at the turn that the car almost went ________ the road.
23. (2014·福建卷)Our club is open to everyone regardless ________ age, sex or educational background.
24. (2014· 浙 江 卷 )While staying in the village, James unselfishly shared whatever he had with the villagers
without asking for anything ________ .
25. (2014·浙江卷)Facing up to your problems ________ running away from them is the best approach to working
things out.
26. (2014·陕西卷)The Scottish girl ________ blue eyes won the first prize in the Fifth Chinese Speech Contest.
27. (2014·江西卷)It is unbelievable that Mr. Lucas leads a simple life ________ his great wealth.
28. (2013·新课标全国卷Ⅰ)It was a real race ________ time to get the project done. Luckily, we made it.
29. (2013·新课标全国卷Ⅱ)A serious study of physics is impossible ________ some knowledge of mathematics.
30. (2013·北京卷)I have an appointment ________ Dr. Smith, but I need to change it.
31. (2013·山东卷)The Smiths are praised ________ the way they bring up their children.
32. (2013·浙江卷)It will be a big help if you go to the store and get what we need for dinner. __________the
meanwhile, I'll set the table.
33. (2013·福建卷)Mrs. Smith finds it hard to clear up the mess, as her children are always ________the way
whenever she tries to.
34. (2013·辽宁卷)________behalf of everyone here, I wish you a pleasant journey back to your country.
35. (2013·江苏卷)I am always delighted when I receive an e-mail from you. ________regard to the party on July
1st I shall be pleased to attend.
36. (2013· 湖 北 卷 )An artist who was recently traveling on a ferry to the southern island discovered
________chance a long lost antique Greek vase.
37. (2013·陕西卷)The manager wants to see changes in the company, and I am sure he will ________time.
38. (2013·安徽卷)Before you pay a visit to a place of interest, look in your local library ________ a book about it.
39. (2012·安徽卷)You can change your job, you can move house, but friendship is meant to be ________life.
40. (2012·福建卷)China has been pushing the reform of public hospitals ________the benefit of all its citizens.
41. (2012·浙江卷)________all the animals I've ever had，these two dogs are the most sensitive to the spoken word.
42. (2012·浙江卷)Brown said he was by no means annoyed; ________ the contrary, he was glad to be able to
make himself clearly understood.
43. (2012· 陕 西 卷 )An agreement seems to be impossible because the majority of the committee members are
________ it.
44. (2012·全国卷Ⅱ)This shop will be closed for repairs ________ further notice.
45. (2011·北京卷)With new technology, pictures of underwater valleys can be taken ________ color.
46. (2011·上海卷)Graduation is a good time to thank those who have helped you ________ the tough years.
47. (2011·天津卷)He was a good student and scored ________ average in most subjects.
48. (2011·重庆卷)Shirley, a real book lover, often brings home many books to read ________ the library.
49. (2011·安徽卷)Sometimes proper answers are not far to seek ________ food safety problems.
50. (2011·江苏卷)We'd better discuss everything________detail before we work out the plan.
51. (2011·浙江卷)I always wanted to do the job ________ which I'd been trained.
52. (2011·湖北卷)When asked about their opinions about the schoolmaster, many teachers would prefer to see him
step aside in favor ________ younger men.
53. (2010·江西卷)We give dogs time, space and love we can spare, and ________ return, dogs give us their all.
54. (2010·福建卷)More and more high-rise buildings have been built in big cities ________ lack of space.
答案与解析
1. 【答案】in
【解析】考查介词短语。句意：好的制度政策实际上都会激发员工的专业水平的提升。in effect 实际上
2. 【答案】to
【解析】考查介词。句意：这个问题的答案不清楚。the key/answer to ...这是固定搭配，“……的答案是……”。
故填 to。
3. 【答案】of/for
【解析】考查介词用法。此处 tracking polar bear populations 作 Modern methods 的定语，用 of 连接，“methods
of doing sth.”,意为“……的方法”，构成固定结构。或者意为“对于跟踪北极熊的方法”用 for。故填 of/for。
4. 【答案】for
【解析】考查介词。句意：——早上好，Lee 先生办公室。——早上好。我想预约下周三下午（和 Mr. Lee
见面）。make an appointment for 意为“为……预约”，是固定搭配。
5. 【答案】with
【解析】考查介词短语词义辨析及语境理解。句意：中国的软实力增长与日俱增全球对中国的赏识和理解
相一致。in line with 按照；与...一致。
6. 【答案】in
【解析】考查介词。句意：许多住在海边上的人都是靠渔业来谋生的。此处用介词 in。make a living in fishing
industry“靠渔业谋生”。
7. 【答案】to
【解析】
试题分析：考查介词短语的辨析。in relation to 与……有关。句意：根据周围的环境辨别方位仍然是我们生
存的一项极其重要的技能。
8. 【答案】among
9. 【答案】In
【解析】
试题分析：句意：我们给我们的学生们提供极好的教育，作为回报，我们期待我们的学生们努力学习。
10. 【答案】 In
【解析】
试题分析：句意：这个年轻人是诚实的，有合作精神的，当你需要他的帮助的时候，总是在那里。简言之，
他是可靠的。
11. 【答案】 above
【解析】试题分析：句意：去年是有纪录以来最热的一年，全球平均气温上升 0.68 度。With 的宾语 global
temperature ，宾语补足 above the average。
12. 【答案】 B
【解析】试题分析：句意：你是否有听说过树是陆上动物和海上动物的家？home to sth 固定搭配，是什么
的家园的意思。该句是一个疑问句，其中还含有一个定语从句。比如这个句子转化为陈述句应该是 You have
ever heard of the trees that are homes animals both on land and sea? 然后把定语从句单独拿出来看将
会是 trees are homes animals both on land and sea. 根据固定搭配自然知道答案是 to。
13. 【答案】to
【解析】试题分析：句意：这些评论是对某些经常被当地新闻人问到的问题的回应。 in response to 意为回
应，C. in touch with 意为联系，D. in possession of 意为拥有。分析句子成分知道空格处充当介词短语作状语
的作用，根据常识和句意，评论应该是对问题的回应。所以答案应该是 B. in response to 回应。
14. 【答案】By
【解析】试题分析:句意:很多人工作是因为这是不可避免的，相反，有一些人是的确喜欢工作的。根据前后
的意思，可以知道前后是表示对比。
15. 【答案】by
【解析】试题分析：句意：这个小学生拉住他奶奶的膀子和她一起穿过街道。 take sb. by the arm 拉住某人
的膀子。
16. 【答案】 of
【解析】试题分析：考察介词辨析。of 表示关于，表示从属关系.
17. 【答案】for
【解析】试题分析：句意：要不是爱迪生的发明，今天我们身边享用的很多东西都将不复存在。But for “要
不是”，常用于隐藏式（含蓄式）虚拟条件句。
18. 【答案】around
【解析】试题分析：句意：他们认为即将到来的交通发展将会带来很多好的方面的变化。
19. 【答案】in
【解析】试题分析：句意：这个会议室是无烟区域。我想提前警告你：如果你在这里吸烟，会被罚款。
20. in 句意：简很着急，因为去飞机场的火车半小时后就发车了。“in＋一段时间”用于表示将来的句子中，
意为：在……之后。
21. In addition to/Besides 句意：除了学校以外，这个村庄还有一个诊所，它也是在政府的支持下建造的。
22. off 句意：她在转弯处开得如此快，以至于车差点偏离公路。off 离开，偏离。
23．of 句意：我们的俱乐部对所有人开放，不分年龄、性别和教育背景。regardless of 不管，不顾。
24．in 句意：在村庄停留期间，James 无私地和村民分享他所拥有的一切，不要求任何回报。in return
作为回报。
25．rather than/instead of 句意：面对你的问题而不是逃避它们才是解决问题的最好办法。rather
than/instead of 而不是。
26．with 句意：在第五届汉语演讲比赛中，那位有着一双蓝色眼睛的苏格兰姑娘获得了一等奖。with
表示“具有”。
27．despite/in spite of 句意：令人难以置信的是，尽管很富有，Lucas 先生过着简朴的生活。despite/in
spite of 尽管。
28．against 句意：完成这项工程真的是在与时间赛跑。但幸运的是，我们成功了。against 在此处为
“与……竞争”之意。
29．without 句意：没有一定的数学知识，进行严肃的物理学研究是不可能的。without “没有”。
30．with 句意：我和 Smith 博士有一个约会，但是我需要改一下。have an appointment with sb. 与某
人有约会、预约。
31 ．for 句意：史密斯夫妇因为他们培养孩子的方式而受到赞扬。根据语境可知，此处表达夫妇
二人受赞扬的原因，应该用介词 for。
32．In 句意：如果你能去商店买来我们晚餐所需要的东西，这将是一个巨大的帮助。同时，我将摆放
餐具。in the meanwhile 同时。
33．in 句意：史密斯太太觉得很难把杂乱的东西收拾好，因为无论她什么时候试图整理，她的孩子们
总是碍手碍脚。in the way/in sb.'s way 妨碍。
34．On 句意：我代表这儿的每一个人，祝你们的回国旅程愉快。on behalf of 为固定词组，意为“代
表”。
35．With 句意：我总是很高兴收到你的邮件。关于 7 月 1 日的聚会，我将乐意参加。with regard to 关
于。
36．by 句意：一位最近乘坐渡船到这个南部岛屿旅行的艺术家偶然发现了一个丢失已久的希腊古懂
花瓶。by chance 偶然。
37．in 句意：经理想看到公司的变化，我确信他迟早会看到的。in time 迟早。
38．for 句意：在你参观一个名胜之前，要在你当地的图书馆找一本关于这个地方的书(了解一下)。look
for 寻找。in your local library 是状语。
39．for 句意：你可以找工作，可以搬家，但友谊却是受用终生的。for life 意为“一生，终生”。
40．for 句意：为了所有公民的利益，中国一直在推行公立医院的改革。for the benefit of 为了……的
利益。
41．Of 句意：在所有我养过的动物中，这两只狗对语言最敏感。此处 of 用来表示范围，意为“在……
之中”。
42．on 句意：布朗说他一点儿都不生气，正相反(on the contrary)，他很高兴能把自己的意思表达清楚。
43．against 句意：达成一致意见看来是不可能了，因为大多数委员会成员都对此表示反对(against)。
44．until 句意：这家商店将停止维修，直到另行通知。until 后接名词时为介词，后接句子时为连词。
45．in 句意：由于有了新技术，水下的山谷也可以被拍出彩色的照片。in color 意为“以彩色的形式呈
现”。
46．through 句意：毕业之际是一个向那些曾帮助你度过艰难岁月的人们表示感谢的好时机。through 为
“度过”之意。
47．above 句意：他是个好学生，而且大部分学科的成绩都高于平均分。above average 高于平均水平。
根据 a good student 可知应该是高于平均水平。
48．from 句意：雪莉，一个真正爱读书的人，经常从图书馆带许多书回家读。
49．to 句意：有时候，解决食品安全问题的恰当的办法并不难找到。answer 与 to 连用，表示“……
的答案/解决办法”。该句子中 answers to food safety problems 被 are not far to seek 分隔开。
50．in 句意：在制订计划之前，我们最好详细讨论一下所有的事情。in detail 详细地。
51．for 句意：我总想做曾为之受过培训的工作。将先行词代入定语从句后为：I had been trained (for)
the job.“为……目的”需用介词 for。
52．of 句意：在被问到他们对校长的看法时，很多老师说他们更愿意看到他让贤于更年轻的人。句中
的 step aside 表示“让位，让开”，后面接介词短语 in favor of 表示这些老师更赞成起用更年轻的人。
53．in 句意：我们给予狗我们能匀出来的时间、空间和爱。作为回报，狗给予我们它们的全部。in return
作为回报，作为报答。
54．for 句意：因缺少空间，在大城市里，越来越多的高楼大厦拔地而起。for lack of 意为“因缺乏”。
Step 3 模拟精粹
语法填空
(1)
(2020·运城高三模拟)Northern Kenya is a vast, varied and breathtakingly beautiful landscape __1__ you can
find the “Towers of the Savanna” — reticulated (网纹的) giraffes. They are one of Africans most impressive and
popular animals, and yet the __2__ (adore) creatures are still little studied and not well understood. However,
before we could begin to research into these giraffes, they are facing __3__ (disappear)．
Across Africa, all giraffe populations __4__ (decline) by over 70 percent in the past 20 years. Main reasons are
illegal hunting, land degradation (恶化) and lack __5__ living places. The decrease led the IUCN Red List, an
authoritative indicator of the health of the worlds biodiversity, to __6__ (official) list giraffes as one of the
endangered species in December 2016.__7__ is now clear that they need conservation efforts.
To better understand the wildlife found here, Wildwatch Kenya seeks __8__ (identify) and track the giraffes in
conservation field sites. It’s also high time that citizen scientists __9__ (invite) to help researchers look through the
tens of thousands of photos taken by cameras __10__ (place) in strategic spots throughout the sites.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。肯尼亚北部是非洲最受喜爱的动物之一——网纹长颈鹿的家园，但这
一动物目前已濒临灭绝。一个名叫“Wildwatch Kenya”的机构正致力于这些动物的保护工作。
1．where 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句修饰空前的 landscape，且在从句中
作地点状语，故填 where。
2．adorable 考查形容词。由空前的 the 和空后的 creatures 可判断，空处应用形容词形式，结合句意可
知，此处表示讨人喜欢的，故应用 adorable。
3．disappearance 考查名词。分析句子结构可知，空处作 facing 的宾语，故此处应用名词 disappearance
“绝迹”。disappearance 是不可数名词。
4．have declined 考查时态和主谓一致。由下文时间状语 in the past 20 years 可知，谓语动词用现在完
成时，且主语 all giraffe populations 为复数，故填 have declined。
5．of 考查介词。此处表示栖息地不足。lack of ...“缺乏……”，为固定用法。
6．officially 考查副词。修饰动词 list 应用副词，此处表示正式把长颈鹿列为濒危动物。
7．It 考查代词。It 在句中作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的 that 从句。
8．to identify 考查非谓语动词。seek 后跟不定式作宾语，seek to do sth.表示“试图/设法做某事”。
9．were invited/should be invited 考查虚拟语气和语态。此处是“It’s (high) time that ...”句型，意为“是
时候……了”，that 从句用虚拟语气，从句谓语用一般过去时或者 should＋do，且 should 不可以省略。又因
为从句主语 scientists 与 invite 之间是被动关系，故用被动语态。
10．placed 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处应用非谓语动词作定语修饰前面的 cameras, place
与 cameras 之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故填 placed。
(2)
(2020·玉溪二模)In 1949 when the People’s Republic of China was founded, __1__ number of people living in
urban areas accounted for only about 10 percent of the total __2__ (populate)．
Today China is home __3__ more than half of the skyscrapers in the world. Of these, 680 are more than 200
meters tall. In addition, 310 skyscrapers __4__ (add) in the country since 2015.In contrast, only 33 new skyscrapers
were built in the United States during the same period.
One of the bestknown examples of skyscrapers in China is the Shanghai Tower, the nation’s __5__ (tall) and
world’s second highest building.__6__ (stand) in the heart of Lujiazui, the 132story building has 575,000 square
meters of space __7__ can accommodate up to 40,000 people. The 114 __8__ (elevator) running inside the building
have been arranged like metro lines, heading to different floors and at different speeds.
“What we want to achieve and demonstrate to developers and designers of skyscrapers around the world is
__9__ we can make living and working in __10__ (high) populated cities more efficient, energysaving and fun
through skyscrapers，” says Ge Qing, chief engineer and architect of the building.
As the first skyscraper in China that is more than 600 meters tall, the Shanghai Tower has the highest
recognition of the energy and resource efficiency of a building.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了新中国成立以来，城市化进程加快，许多摩天大楼拔地而
起，并向读者介绍了中国最高建筑——上海中心大厦。
1．the 考查冠词。这里要表达的是城镇人口的数量，要用 the number of 表示“……的数量”。故填 the。
2．population 考查名词。分析句子结构可知，the total 和空白处共同组成 of 的宾语，需要一个名词。
故填 population。
3．to 考查固定搭配。be home to 意为“是……的家，是……的所在地”，此处指世界上超过一半的摩
天大楼都在中国。故填 to。
4．have been added 考查时态和语态。分析句子可知，谓语动词 add 与主语 skyscrapers 之间是被动关
系，要用被动语态；再根据时间状语 since 2015 可知，动作从过去开始并持续到现在，要用现在完成时。故
填 have been added。
5．tallest 考查形容词最高级。这里与后句“世界第二高” 并列，表示它在中国最高，要用形容词最
高级形式。故填 tallest。
6．Standing 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，Standing in the heart of Lujiazui 作状语，stand 与主
语 the building 之间是主动关系，要用现在分词形式。故填 Standing。
7．which/that 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词为 space，空处在从句
中作主语。故填 which/that。
8．elevators 考查名词复数。分析句子可知，elevator 是可数名词，其前面有表示数量的 114，要用复
数形式。故填 elevators。
9．how/that 考查名词性从句。分析句子结构可知，空白处引导表语从句，从句不缺成分，可以看作“要
完成和展示”的内容，此时可用 that 引导；也可以看作需要一个表示方式的 how，表达“我们是如何能使其实
现的”，此时可用 how 引导。故填 how/that。
10．highly 考查副词。分析句子结构可知，high 在句中修饰 populated，表达“人口稠密”，要用副词
形式。故填 highly。
短文改错
(1)
With our activity approach, I’m now writing to invite you to join us. Here are some detail about it.
The activity will be organized to a farm from 9：00 am to 2：00 pm the next Sunday. What we had to do is
gather together at the school gate at 8：30 am. We are expected to pay a visit to the farm first. After that we will
enjoy picking vegetables by ourself. We also have the opportunity to look after animals for a while, without that I
will be disappointing because of my passion for animals. Knowing that you’re really into nature, I believe you will
definite have an good time.
答案：第一句：approach→approaching
第二句：detail→details
第三句：第二个 to→on; 去掉 next 前的 the
第四句：had→have
第六句：ourself→ourselves
第七句：that→which; disappointing→disappointed
第八句：definite→definitely; an→a
(2)
There are basically two ways to get work done. One is to work individual. In this way, people can decide for
them when to start to work and how to do it. What’s more, they will be able to learn how to solve the problems on
their own. People may also choose to work in a team which they can learn from each other and help each other.
Beside, they may work out better ways get work done by discussing. Personally, I prefer to work in a team, which
offer me a chance to learn how to get along to others and to share my experience with them. As the work can be
dividing among several people, it can be done efficiently. Teamwork is always importance.
答案：第二句：individual→individually
第三句：them→themselves
第四句：去掉 the
第五句：which→where
第六句：Beside→Besides; get 前加 to
第七句：offer→offers; along 后的 to→with
第八句：dividing→divided
第九句：importance→important 或在 importance 前加 of
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