专题 03 代词
Step 1 篇章品读
语法填空
【2020·新高考】
Many people have the hobby of collecting things, e.g. stamps, postcards or antiques. In the 18th and 19th
centuries, ___36___ (wealth) people travelled and collected plants, historical objects and works of art. They kept
their collection at home until it got too big ___37___ until they died, and then it was given to a museum. The
80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, ___38___ (form) the core collection of the British
Museum ___39___ opened in 1759.
The parts of a museum open to the public ___40___ (call) galleries or rooms. Often, only a small part of a
museum’s collection ___41___ (be) on display. Most of it is stored away or used for research.
Many museums are lively places and they attract a lot of visitors. As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can
play with computer simulations (模拟) and imagine ___42___ (they) living at a different time in history or
___43___(walk)through a rainforest. At the Jorvik Centre in York, the city’s Viking settlement is recreated, and
people experience the sights, sounds and smells of the old town. Historical ___44___ (accurate) is important but so
is entertainment. Museums must compete ____45____people’s spare time and money with other amusements. Most
museums also welcome school groups and arrange special activities for children.
【答案】36. wealthy 37. or 38. formed 39. which/that 40. are called
41. is 42. themselves 43. walking 44. accuracy 45. for
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了博物馆藏品的来源及博物馆给人们带来的好处和面临的挑战。
【36 题详解】
考查形容词。句意:在 18 和 19 世纪，富人旅行并收集植物、历史物品和艺术品。此处修饰名词 people，应
使用形容词，做定语。故填 wealthy。
【37 题详解】
考查连词。句意:他们把自己的藏品留在家里，直到收藏变得太大或者自己去世，然后这些藏品被捐给一家
博物馆。根据语境可知，前后陈述的是两者可能性，应使用连词 or:或者。故填 or。
【38 题详解】
考查动词时态。句意:例如，汉斯•斯隆爵士的 8 万件藏品构成了 1759 年开馆的大英博物馆的核心藏品。此
积出来的素养 读出来的高分
处是谓语动词，根据时间状语 in1759 可知，应使用一般过去时。故填 formed。
【39 题详解】
考查定语从句。句意:例如，汉斯•斯隆爵士的 8 万件藏品构成了 1759 年开馆的大英博物馆的核心藏品。此
处是限定性定语从句，先行词是 the British Museum，关系词在从句中做主语，应使用关系代词 which/that
引导。故填 which/that。
【40 题详解】
考查动词时态及语态。句意:博物馆对公众开放的部分被称为画廊或展厅。此处描述的是客观使用，应使用
一般现在时；主语与 call 是逻辑动宾关系，应使用被动语态，且主语是复数概念。故填 are called。
【41 题详解】
考查主谓一致。句意:通常，博物馆只展出一小部分藏品。此处描述的是客观事实，应使用一般现在时，主
语 a small part of a museum’s collection 是单数概念，谓语动词应使用第三人称单数形式，且后面的 Most of it
is stored away or used for research.中的 is 也是提示。故填 is。
【42 题详解】
考查反身代词。句意:除了观赏展品，游客还可以玩电脑模拟游戏，想象自己生活在一个不同的历史时期，
或者漫步在热带雨林中。此处指代 visitors，意为”他们自己”，应使用反身代词。故填 themselves。
【43 题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:除了观赏展品，游客还可以玩电脑模拟游戏，想象自己生活在一个不同的历史时期，
或者漫步在热带雨林中。此处与 living 是并列成分，共同做 imagine 的宾补，imagine sb. doing sth.”想象某人
做某事”。故填 walking。
【44 题详解】
考查名词。句意:历史的准确性很重要，但娱乐也很重要。此处做主语，位于形容词 historical 之后，应使用
名词，意为”历史的准确性”。故填 accuracy。
【45 题详解】
考查介词。句意:博物馆必须和其他娱乐活动竞争人们的业余时间和金钱。此处是固定短语:compete for，意
为:”为了……竞争”。故填 for。
Step2 真题*模拟*单句练
1. (2019﹒新课标 III 卷﹒T63)We were first greeted with the barking by a pack ______ dogs，seven to be exact.
2. (2019﹒天津 ﹒T3)A study shows the students who are engaged in after-school activities are happier than
_________who are not.
3. (2015﹒重庆﹒T2)The meeting will be held in September, but____ knows the date for sure.
4. (2015﹒浙江﹒T12) How would you like______ if you were watching your favorite TV program and someone
came into the room and just shut it off without asking you?
5. (2015﹒天津﹒T2) The quality of education in this small school is better than ______ in some larger schools.
6. (2015 ﹒ 陕 西 ﹒ T13)To warm himself, the sailor sat in front of the fire rubbing one bare foot against
__________ .
7. (2015﹒福建﹒T21)The research group produced two reports based on the survey, but______ contained any
useful suggestions.
8. (2014·大纲全国卷)—Who's that at the door?
—________ is the milkman.
9. (2014·山东卷)Susan made ________ clear to me that she wished to make a new life for herself.
10. (2014·重庆卷)A smile costs ________， but gives much.
11. (2014·福建卷)In some countries, people eat with chopsticks, while in ________， knives and forks.
12. (2014· 浙 江 卷 )An average of just 18.75 cm of rain fell last year, making ________ the driest year since
California became a state in 1850.
13. (2014·安徽卷)You can ask anyone for help. ________ here is willing to lend you a hand.
14. (2014·陕西卷)I'd appreciate ________ if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will come.
15. (2014·四川卷)She'd lived in London and Manchester, but she liked ________ and moved to Cambridge.
16. (2014·江西卷)—When shall I call, in the morning or afternoon?
—________. I'll be in all day.
17. (2013·新课标全国卷Ⅱ)It's an either-or situation—we can buy a new car this year or we can go on holiday but
we can't do ________.
18. (2013·天津卷)At our factory there are a few machines similar to ________ described in this magazine.
19. (2013·重庆卷)Recycling is one way to protect the environment; reusing is ________.
20. (2013·安徽卷)This project requires close teamwork. ________ will be achieved unless we work well together.
21. (2013·四川卷)The traffic on the main streets has a longer green signal than ________ on the small ones.
22. (2013·江西卷)________can be good at something for 40 years if he doesn't love it.
23. (2013·陕西 卷)Although Rosemary had suffered from a serious illness for years, she lost ________ of her
enthusiasm for life.
24. (2012·全国卷Ⅰ)Larry asks Bill and Peter to go on a picnic with him, but ________ of them wants to, because
they have work to do.
25. (2012·全国Ⅱ卷)Sarah made ________ to the airport just in time to catch her plane this morning.
26. (2012·江苏卷)Sophia waited for a reply, but ________ came.
27. (2012·辽宁卷)If you're buying today's paper from the stand, could you get ________ for me?
28. (2012·浙江卷)Studying Wendy's menu，I found that many of the items are similar to ________ of McDonald's.
29. (2012·山东卷)When you are done with the book, just give it to Lucy or Helen or ________.
30. (2012·四川卷)New technologies have made ________ possible to turn out new products faster and at a lower
cost.
31. (2011·全国卷Ⅱ)I got this bicycle for ________；My friend gave it to me when she bought a new one.
32. (2011· 北 京 卷 )The employment rate has continued to rise in big cities thanks to the efforts of the local
governments to increase ________.
33. (2011·上海卷)To stay awake, he finished a cup of coffee and ordered ________.
34. (2011·安徽 卷)Surprisingly, Susan's beautiful hair reached below her knees and made ________ almost an
overcoat for her.
35. (2011·四川卷)There is ________ in his words. We should have a try.
36. (2010·上海卷)If our parents do everything for us children, we won't learn to depend on ________.
37. (2010·陕西卷)The cost of renting a house in central Xi'an is higher than ________ in any other area of the city.
答案与解析
1. 【答案】of
【解析】考查介词。“a pack of”意为“一群”。故填 of。
2.【答案】those
【解析】考查代词。句意：一项研究表明，参加课外活动的学生比不参加课外活动的学生更开心。空格处
代词与 the students 是对应关系，可以用 the ones 或者 those 替代。“them”指代的是前边提到的复数名词，不
能与 the students 形成对应关系。“these”一般不用定语从句修饰。
3.【答案】nobody
【解析】试题分析：句意：会议将在九月举行，但没有人知道确切的日期。根据 but 表达转折可知没有人知
道。
4.【答案】it
【解析】试题分析:句意:当你正在看一个你喜欢的节目时，突然有个人进来,一声不吭地关掉电视，你会怎么
想?It 作形式宾语,指代 If 后面的句子。该句涉及到了一个疑问句，一个条件状语从句(if)和两个并列向(and)。
这当时应该先把它转化为陈述句 you would like____。分析句子结构知道 like 之后缺少一个宾语，需要一个
宾格代词充当，所以答案 it。
5.【答案】 that
【解析】试题分析：句意：这所小学校的教育质量要好于一些大学校。句中代词代指不可数名词 the quality
of education，故用代词 that。代词 it 和 one 都代指可数名词单数。
6.【答案】the other
【解析】试题分析：句意：为了提醒自己，这个水手坐在火前面一只光脚摩擦另外一只脚。因为人有两只
脚，一只是 one，另外一只是 the other。
7.【答案】Neither
【解析】试题分析：考查副词辨析。两者都不。根据该句意思：那个研究团队在那个调查上得出了两个报
告，但是两个报告里面都没有任何有用的参考。本题考查副词辨析，要求学生掌握大纲内每个副词的意义
及用法。
8. It 句意：——门口的那个人是谁？——是送牛奶的人。用以指代不明性别的人时常用 it。
9. it 句意：苏珊清楚地向我表明，她希望自己开始一种新生活。句中 that she wished to make...是真正
的宾语，空格处应为形式宾语，故用 it。
10. nothing/little 句意：微笑不会损失什么，但是却能给予很多。根据题干中的 but 可推知设空处应
为表示否定的代词，故答案为 nothing 或 little。
11. others 句意：在一些国家，人们用筷子吃饭，而在另外一些国家，人们用刀叉吃饭。some...others...
表示“一些……，另一些……”。
12. it 句意：去年加利福尼亚全年的平均降雨量只有 18.75 厘米，使得这一年成为加利福尼亚 1850
年建州以来最干旱的一年。此处 it 代指前面的 last year 以避免重复。
13. Everyone/Everybody 句意：你可以找任何人帮忙。这儿的每一个人都愿意帮助你。根据上下文逻
辑可知此处表示“这里的每个人”故答案为 everyone 或 everybody。由于设空处后为 is，故 all(所有人)不符合。
14. it 句意：假如你提前让我知道你是否会来，我将不胜感激。I'd appreciate it if... 属于固定句式，表
示“假如……我将不胜感激”。
15. neither 句意：她在伦敦和曼彻斯特居住过，但是她不喜欢这两座城市，然后搬到剑桥了。由表示
转折的连词 but 可知该空应该表示否定意思，题干中两个名词(London, Manchester), 故答案为 neither。
16. Either 句意：——我该在早上还是在下午打电话？——哪个时间都行。我一整天都在。根据句意，
答句表示在上午或下午两个时间中任意一个时间都可以，故答案为 either(两者中的任意一个)。
17. both 句意：这是二者择其一的局面——我们要么今年买辆新车，要么去度假，但是不能二者兼顾。
both 用于否定句表示部分否定，意为“并非两者都”。
18. those 句意：在我们工厂有几台机器和这本杂志里描述的那些机器相似。首先将题干补全为：At our
factory there are a few machines similar to the machines described in this magazine. 然后考虑用 those 替代特指
的复数名词(the machines)，以避免重复。
19. another 句意：(废品)回收是保护环境的一种方式，而循环利用是保护环境的另外一种方式。another
再一，又一。
20. Nothing 句意：这项工程要求紧密的团队合作，如果我们不能很好地一起工作，我们将会一事无
成。根据句意可知设空处应为表示否定的 nothing。
21. that 句意：主街道上的绿色信号灯的时长要比小道上的长。首先将题干改为：The traffic on the main
streets has a longer green signal than the traffic on the small ones.然后考虑用 that 代替特指的不可数名词 “the
traffic”，以避免重复。
22. Nobody/No one 句意：如果不是热爱一件事的话，没有人会 40 年来一直做得那么好。
23. none 句意：虽然罗斯玛丽已得重病多年了，但是她丝毫没有失去对生活的热情。根据句意可知空
格处需要用表示否定意义的词，none 为答案。
24. neither 句意：Larry 让 Bill 和 Peter 跟他一起去野餐，但是他们俩都不想去，因为他们都有工作要
做。根据表转折关系的 but 及后面的内容可知，空格处应该表示否定且指代的是两者 Bill 和 Peter，故答案
为 neither，指“两者都不”。
25. it 句意：今天早上萨拉及时到达了机场，正好赶上了飞机。make it 为固定搭配，意为：成功做某
事，准时到达。
26. none 句意：索菲娅等待答复，但一个都没有。none 一个没有。
27. one 句意：如果你从报亭买今天的报纸，你能帮我买一份吗？one 用来替代前面出现的单数名词，
表示泛指，相当于 a/an＋单数名词，以避免重复。在本题中 one 替代 a paper。
28. those 句意：认真看了 Wendy 的菜单后，我发现许多东两和麦当劳的相似。空格处需要的名词为
the items，故用 those 替代。
29. whoever 句意：当你看完这本书后，把它交给露西或海伦，或者随便谁都行。whoever 的意思是“不
管是什么人，无论是谁”。
30. it 句意：新的技术已经使更快、成本更低地生产新产品成为可能。不定式短语 to turn out...在句中
是真正的宾语，空格处为形式宾语，故用 it。
31. nothing 句意：这辆自行车我没花钱，我朋友买了辆新的，就把这辆(旧的)送给我了。for nothing
表示“免费”。
32. it 句意：由于当地政府努力增加就业率，大城市的就业率继续上升。设空处应替代 the employment
rate, 故填 it。
33. another 句意：为了保持清醒状态，他喝完了一杯咖啡后又点了一杯。another 另一个，又一个。
34. itself 句意：让人吃惊的是，苏珊漂亮的头发长到了膝盖以下，几乎成了她的一件外衣。设空处应
指代 Susan's beautiful hair, 故填 itself。
35. something 句意：他说的话不无道理，我们应该试一试。这里用代词 something 表示“被认为是重
要的或值得注意的事物”：a thing that is thought to be important or worth taking notice of。如：It's quite something
(＝a thing that you should feel happy about) to have a job at all these days. 如今能有份工作就该知足了。
36. ourselves 句意：如果我们的父母为我们孩子们做了所有的一切，我们就不会学会独立。空格处用
反身代词作宾语与主语保持一致。
37. that 句意：西安市中心的房租比这个城市内其他地段的房租都贵。首先将此句改为：The cost of
renting a house in central Xi'an is higher than the_cost in any other area of the city. 然后考虑用 that 代替特指的
名词 the cost。
Step 3 模拟精粹
语法填空
(1)
(2020·娄底高三模拟)What is art? It is very difficult to come __1__ with a thorough answer. Tons of people
have their own opinions and think they know what art __2__ (true) is. Most people’s answers are too general to
distinguish what art is. Art is a creative form of work, __3__ (design) to have a purpose and show emotion.
There is a purpose to every piece of artwork. Therefore __4__ artist had to start with a unique idea, or reason
for __5__ they’re creating. Historically, art has many different purposes for being made. Artists have made art for
logical __6__ (purpose) like entertainment, communication, and sometimes just to express __7__ (they)．The first
time I made art, it was in kindergarten. I remember a mini house glued on paper for my family. Art has to have a
connection between the artist and the actual art project itself. As is the case with the Statue of Liberty, and freedom.
Art’s final goal is __8__ (stir) up some type of emotion. Plenty of artists express their feelings in a piece of art.
Then the artist’s feelings __9__ (absorb) by the audience, causing them to have __10__ (emotion) reactions to the
visual.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了什么是艺术，艺术的目的是什么以及艺术的最终目的等情
况。
1．up 考查固定短语。come up with 意思是“想出；提出”。
2．truly 考查副词。修饰后面的 is，指艺术真正是什么，作状语。
3．designed 考查非谓语动词。design 与 art 之间构成被动关系，因此使用过去分词。
4．an 考查冠词。此处表示泛指，且 artist 以元音音素开头，故填 an。
5．what 考查宾语从句。设空处引导的从句作 for 的宾语，且在从句中作 create 的宾语。
6．purposes 考查名词复数。like 后面列举的内容表明目的很多，故使用复数形式。
7．themselves 考查代词。根据意思，表达他们自己，使用 express themselves。
8．to stir 考查非谓语动词。根据句子的意思， 艺术的最终目的是激起一些感情。再根据句子的结构
来判断，此处要用动词不定式作表语。
9．are absorbed 考查时态和语态。由上文可知，此处叙述一般事实，应用一般现在时。设空处与主语
为被动关系，因此使用被动语态。
10．emotional 考查形容词。修饰后面的名词，使用形容词作定语。
(2)
(2020·永州高三模拟)Nowadays, nine in ten children are now at school. However, the figure is not as __1__
(impress) as it sounds. Even if most of the world’s children go to school, __2__ awful lot of them learn pretty much
nothing there.
According __3__ the recent World Bank study of seven African countries, half of nineyearold cannot read a
simple word and threequarters cannot read a simple sentence. The reason is terrible __4__ (teach)．Several recent
studies suggest educational technology can help. It seems __5__ (bring) about bigger improvement in poor
countries than in rich ones. Some of the rare __6__ (resource) being spent on teachers could therefore be better
spent on educational technology. That doesn’t mean dumping computers on schools, hoping that children __7__
(understand) how to use them. Instead, it means providing schools with software that children can use with minimal
help from an adult, that gets things right __8__ (much) often than the teachers do, that adjusts itself to the child’s
ability that sends teachers clues about __9__ they are supposed to be teaching and that allows the authorities to
check on whether the teacher is in the classroom.
Of course, good __10__ (tradition) teachers are not replaced, and are never likely to be.
语篇解读：本文是说明文。文章介绍了在教育落后地区使用 educational technology 的优点。
1．impressive 考查形容词。as ...as 短语充当 is 的表语，故应用形容词。
2．an 考查冠词。 a lot of 是固定短语，再根据 awful 的读音以元音音素开头，可确定填 an。
3．to 考查介词。 according to ...是固定短语，意为“根据……”。
4．teaching 考查名词。空处位于形容词 terrible 后，应用名词。
5．to bring 考查非谓语动词。 seem to do “好像做”。
6．resources 考查名词复数。根据语境应用名词复数。
7．will understand 考查动词时态。与 hope 呼应，表示要发生的动作，需用一般将来时。
8．more 考查副词比较级。根据设空后 than 可知，此处应用比较级形式。
9．what 考查名词性从句。空处引导宾语从句，并在从句中作 teach 的宾语，故用 what。
10．traditional 考查形容词。修饰名词用形容词。
短文改错
（1）
It’s been two years when I joined the campus radio station. During this time, I had done several interviews.
Every time I finish to writing an article, I am proud of myself for being able to introduce my schoolmates the things
I’ve seen. It was difficult at times, but when I saw my stories publish in our school newspaper, you knew that it was
something worth doing. My parents, teachers and schoolmates congratulated me on that I did. I felt happily when I
shared a new story with them. The greatest thing about being the reporter is being able to share your thought with
others.
答案：第一句：when→since
第二句：had→have
第三句：去掉 finish 后的 to; schoolmates 后加 to
第四句：publish→published; you→I
第五句：that→what
第六句：happily→happy
第七句：第二个 the→a; thought→thoughts
(2)
When I was in Senior 2, John was my close friends. There was a lack of excitement in our spare time. We did
everything which we could possibly think of to fill in our spare time. We played video games and watch movies.
After all of this, we were still boring. We realized we ought to fix their boredom. John suggested make funny
videos and we started to do seriously. We even put up with posters for videos we made. Lucky, we had a lot of
devoted fans at that time.
Because I’m a successful director now, I am always missing those interesting days at school.
答案：第一句：friends→friend
第三句：which→that 或去掉 which
第四句：watch→watched
第五句：boring→bored
第六句：their→our
第七句：make→making; do 后加 it
第八句：去掉 with
第九句：Lucky→Luckily
第十句：Because→Although/Though/While
(3)
Many students are suffered from nearsightedness. It is because the overuse of mobile phones, computers and
iPads which their sight has been harmed. If your eyes are fixing on a small bright screen for a long time, your
eyesight will be badly affected.
Nearsightedness has brought much trouble to the students. It makes them able to see clearly what is being
written on a blackboard.
To have good eyesight, we must use eyes in a right way. Let’s take up books and reading for a while in bright
light. When reading, we should keep up a distance between the eyes and the books. When feeling tired, we should
leave the books for a while and do the eyes exercise for relaxation. Only by using eyes in a health way can we have
a pair of bright eyes.
答案：第一句：suffered→suffering
第二句：because 后加 of; which→that
第三句：fixing→fixed
第五句：able→unable; a→the
第七句：reading→read
第八句：去掉 up
第九句：eyes→eye
第十句：health→healthy
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