专题 02 名词
Step 1 篇章品读
语法填空
【2020·全国一】
China has become the first country to land a spacecraft on the far side of the moon. The unmanned Chang’e-4
probe (探测器) - the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess ___61___ (touch) down last week in
the South Pole-Aitken basin. Landing on the moon’s far side is ___62___ (extreme) challenging. Because the
moon’s body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the
moon in a spot ___63___ it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth. The far side of the moon is of
particular ___64___ (interesting) to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters (环形山)， more so ___65___ the
familiar near side. Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang’e-4 ___66___ (find) and study
areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin. ＂This really excites scientists,＂ Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown
University, says, ＂because it ___67___ (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon
___68___ (construct)＂ Data about the moon’s composition, such as how ___69___ ice and other treasures it
contains, could help China decide whether ____70____ (it) plans for a future lunar (月球的) base are practical.
【答案】61. touched 62. extremely 63. where 64. interest 65. than 66. to find
67. means 68. is constructed 69. much 70. its
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。中国成为第一个将航天器降落在月球背面的国家，文章主要介绍了中国无人月球探测
器嫦娥四号发射的意义。
【61 题详解】
.考查时态。句意：无人月球探测器嫦娥四号——名字的灵感来源于古代的中国月亮女神——上周在南极艾
特肯盆地着陆。此处是句子的谓语，根据时间状语 last week 可知应使用一般过去时，故填 touched。
【62 题详解】
考查副词。句意：登录月球的背面是极其有挑战性的。空处修饰形容词 challenging，应使用 extreme 的副词
形式，故填 extremely。
【63 题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：中国首先必须把一颗人造卫星送入月球轨道上的一个点，人造卫星可以在这个点向
航天器和地球发射信号。分析句子可知，空处引导一个定语从句，先行词是 a spot，关系词替代先行词在从
积出来的素养 读出来的高分
句中作地点状语，应用 where 引导。故填 where。
【64 题详解】
考查名词。句意：月球背面让科学家尤其感兴趣。根据空前的形容词 particular 可知，空处应填名词，interest
是不可数名词，be of interest to sb.意为“(某物)使某人感兴趣”。故填 interest。
【65 题详解】
考查介词。句意：因为它比熟悉的一面有更多的深环形山。根据空前的比较级 more so 可知，此处填介词 than，
表示“比……更”。故填 than。
【66 题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：中国的研究者希望使用嫦娥四号上的设备来发现和研究南极艾特肯盆地。此处表
示目的，应使用不定式作目的状语。故填 to find。
【67 题详解】
考查时态和主谓一致。句意：“这真的使科学家们激动，”布朗大学的一位科学家 Carle Pieters 说：“因为它
意味着我们有机会获得月球是如何构造的信息。”根据上文“This really excites scientists”可知，此处也使用一
般现在时，主语是 it，所以空处谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式 means，故填 means。
【68 题详解】
考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意同上。分析句子可知，此处是宾语从句谓语动词，谓语 construct 与主语
the moon 之间是被动关系，应使用被动语态，再由上下文可知此处应使用一般现在时，主语 the moon 是单
数，故填 is constructed。
【69 题详解】
考查形容词。句意：关于月亮构成的数据，比如它含有多少水和其他财富，可以帮助中国决定它未来月球
基地的计划是否实用。ice 是不可数名词，应使用 much 修饰，故填 much。
【70 题详解】
考查代词。句意同上。根据空后的名词 plans 可知，此处应使用形容词性物主代词 its，故填 its。
Step2 真题*模拟*单句练
1. (2018﹒江苏﹒T32) Try to understand what’s actually happening instead of acting on the _______ (assume)
you’ve made.
2. (2018 ﹒ 天 津 ﹒ T6)The__________(possible) that there is life on other planets in the universe has always
inspired scientists to explore the outer space.
3. (2015﹒江苏﹒T32)Some schools will have to make ______ (adjustment) in agreement with the national soccer
reform.
4. (2015﹒浙江﹒T25)One of the most effective ways to reduce (stressful) is to talk about feeling with
someone you trust.
5. (2014·安徽卷)—Why not buy a second-hand car first if you don't have enough money for a new one?
—That's a good ________ (suggest)．
6. (2014·湖北卷)Her ________ (motive) for writing was a desire for women to get the right to higher education.
7. (2013·江西卷)Whenever I made mistakes, the teacher pointed them out with ________(patient)．
8. (2013·天津卷)While she was in Paris, she developed a ________ (tasty) for fine art.
9. (2012·山东卷)My first ________(impress)of him was that he was a kind and thoughtful young man.
10. (2012·福建卷)—Why do you choose to work in an international travel agency?
—Well, you know, English is my ________(strong)．So it is my best choice.
11. (2012·江西卷)You'd better write down the phone number of that restaurant for future ________(refer)．
12. (2012·浙江卷)Your ________(perform) as a student will be excellent if you develop a habit of reflecting on
how you learn.
13. (2011·湖北卷)Giving up my job to go back to full-time education was a big ________(commit), but now I
know it was the best decision I ever made.
14. (2011· 江 苏 卷 )Teachers have to constantly update their knowledge in order to maintain their
professional______(competent)．
15. (2010·安徽卷)I haven't seen Sara since she was a little girl, and she has changed beyond________(recognize)．
16. (2010· 湖 北 卷 )After the earthquake, the first thing the local government did was to provide
________(accommodate) for the homeless families.
17. (2010·浙江卷)The school advisers help you talk through your problems but they don't give you any direct
________(solve)．
18. After living in Quanzhou for five years, she has developed quite an ________(affect) for the city.
19. If a young man wants the ______(flexible) to move to a different city in future years, he should keep renting
instead of buying a house.
20. Mr. Li has some trouble sleeping, so drinking a glass of milk before going to bed every night is his common
________.(practise)
21. —We've been destroying lots of forests every year.
—What a shame! We'll be the ________(victim) of our own foolish behavior.
22. The police are trying to find out the ________(identify) of the woman murdered in the bathroom.
23. He didn't make an appearance at all in yesterday's ________(negotiate). What happened to him?
24. —I'm going to Appleby tomorrow.
—What a ________(coincident)! I'm going up there too.
25. —How can I take the medicine, sir?
—Just follow the ________(direct) on the bottle.
26. A sense of ________ (devote) is the basic requirement for people working in the service industry, such as
education and health care.
27. —Are you prepared for the coming interview?
—Of course. After all, some questions can be beyond ________(expect) and difficult to answer.
28.My sister has a ________(prefer) for snacks.
29. I went to the bookstore to buy a ________(refer) book.
30. The meal was to my ________(tasty) and I ate a lot.
31. After living in Quanzhou for five years, she has developed quite an ________(affect) for the city.
32. If a young man wants the ______(flexible) to move to a different city in future years, he should keep renting
instead of buying a house.
33. Mr. Li has some trouble sleeping, so drinking a glass of milk before going to bed every night is his common
________.(practise)
34. —We've been destroying lots of forests every year.
—What a shame! We'll be the ________(victim) of our own foolish behavior.
35. The police are trying to find out the ________(identify) of the woman murdered in the bathroom.
36. He didn't make an appearance at all in yesterday's ________(negotiate). What happened to him?
37. —I'm going to Appleby tomorrow.
—What a ________(coincident)! I'm going up there too.
38.—How can I take the medicine, sir?
—Just follow the ________(direct) on the bottle.
39.A sense of ________ (devote) is the basic requirement for people working in the service industry, such as
education and health care.
40. —Are you prepared for the coming interview?
—Of course. After all, some questions can be beyond ________(expect) and difficult to answer.
答案与解析
1.【答案】 assumption
【解析】考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。句意：试着去理解实际发生的事情，而不是按照你所做的假设行
事。A. assignment 分配；B. association 交往；C. acquisition 获得；D. assumption 假设。故选 D。
2.【答案】possibility
【解析】考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。句意：宇宙中其它星球上存在生命这种可能性总是激励科学家们
去探索外部空间。 possibility 可能性。
3.【答案】adjustments
【解析】试题分析：句意：为了与国家的足球改革相适应，一些学校必须做出调整。
4.【答案】 stress
【解析】试题分析：句意：一种最有效的减压方法就是和你觉得信任的人谈谈你的想法。stress 意为压
力。
5.suggestion 句意：——如果你没有足够的钱买辆新车的话，为什么不先买辆二手车呢？——那个建议不
错。根据句子结构可推知设空处需用名词形式，设空处前有不定冠词，故设空处填 suggestion。
6. motivation 句意：她写作的动机是渴望为妇女争取接受高等教育的权利。形容词性物主代词后需用
名词形式，此外后面的谓语动词为 was，故设空处需用名词单数形式。
7. patience 句意：每当我犯错时，老师都会耐心地把它们指出来。设空处前面为介词 with，故应填写
名词 patience(耐心)。
8.taste 句意：在巴黎期间，她培养了对美术的兴趣。冠词 a 后加名词，故填 taste。
9. impression 句意：我对他的第一印象是他是一个善良且有思想的年轻人。my first 修饰名词，所以
填 impress 的名词形式。
10. strength 句意：——你为什么选择在国际旅行社工作？——噢，你知道，英语是我的强项。因此这
是我最好的选择。my 后接名词，所以此处填 strong 的名词形式，strength 长处。
11.reference 句意：为了以后参考，你最好记下那个饭馆的电话号码。reference 参考。
12. performance 句意：如果你能养成一种经常思考如何学习的习惯，那作为一名学生，你的表现会很
优秀。设空处前面是形容词性物主代词 your，故此处应填动词 perform 的名词形式 performance(表现)。
13. commitment 句意：放弃工作重返校园接受全日制的教育对我来说是个很大的投入，但现在我知道
这是我做过的最好的决定。冠词修饰名词，故填 commitment(承诺，许诺，保证；已承诺或同意的事)。
14. competence 句意：教师必须不断地更新自己的知识来保持专业能力。设空处前面是形容词，故需
要填一个名词 competence(能力，技能)。
15. recognition 句意：从 Sara 还是个小女孩时起，我就没再见过她，她现在已经变得让我认不出了。
beyond 为介词后加名词，故填 recognition 认出，承认。
16. accommodation 句意：地震之后，当地政府做的第一件事是为无家可归的家庭提供住处。由语境
(After the earthquake) 可知，对 the homeless families 首先应当提供的是住处。provide 后接名词作宾语，故
填 accommodation。
17. solution 句意：学校顾问会帮你梳理一下你的问题，但是他们不会给你任何直接的解决办法。设空
处前面有动词 give，故需要填一个名词 solution(解决方法)来作 give 的宾语。
18. affection 句意：在泉州居住了五年后，她已经完全喜欢上了这个城市。affection 喜爱，钟爱。
19.flexibility 句意：如果一个年轻人想要在未来的几年里可以随意搬到不同的城市，他应该租房而不
是买房。flexibility 弹性，灵活性。
20. practice 句意：李先生睡眠有些问题，所以每晚睡前喝一杯牛奶是他的惯例。practice 惯常做法，
常规。common practice 惯例。
21. victims 句意：——我们每年都破坏大量森林。——太可惜了！我们会成为自己这种愚蠢行为的受
害者。注意主语 we 表示复数，故答案也需是复数形式。
22. identity 句意：警方正试图弄清浴室里被谋杀女人的身份。冠词后需为名词，本空应填 identity 身
份。
23. negotiation 句意：昨天的谈判上他根本没有露面，发生什么事了？根据 yesterday's 可知，设空处
需要填一个名词，故答案是 negotiation (协商、谈判)。
24. coincidence 句意：——我明天打算去阿普比。——太巧了！我也打算去那里。本题考查名词。冠
词后需用名词形式。
25. directions 句意：——医生，这个药怎么服用？——就遵照瓶子上的说明即可。directions 用法说明，
follow the directions 遵循说明。
26. devotion 句意：对于从事像教育、医疗这样的服务业的人们来说，具有奉献意识是最基本的要求。
设空处的前面是介词 of，故应填名词 devotion(奉献，忠心)。
27. expectation 句意：——你准备好即将到来的面试了吗？——当然准备好了。毕竟一些问题可能会
出乎意料，很难回答。beyond expectation 出乎意料。
28.preference have a preference for 偏爱……。
29.reference 句意：我去书店买了一本参考书。a reference book 参考书。
30. taste to one's taste 合某人的口味。
31. affection 句意：在泉州居住了五年后，她已经完全喜欢上了这个城市。affection 喜爱，钟爱。
32. flexibility 句意：如果一个年轻人想要在未来的几年里可以随意搬到不同的城市，他应该租房而不
是买房。flexibility 弹性，灵活性。
33.practice 句意：李先生睡眠有些问题，所以每晚睡前喝一杯牛奶是他的惯例。practice 惯常做法，
常规。common practice 惯例。
34.victims 句意：——我们每年都破坏大量森林。——太可惜了！我们会成为自己这种愚蠢行为的受
害者。注意主语 we 表示复数，故答案也需是复数形式。
35. identity 句意：警方正试图弄清浴室里被谋杀女人的身份。冠词后需为名词，本空应填 identity 身
份。
36. negotiation 句意：昨天的谈判上他根本没有露面，发生什么事了？根据 yesterday's 可知，设空处
需要填一个名词，故答案是 negotiation (协商、谈判)。
37. coincidence 句意：——我明天打算去阿普比。——太巧了！我也打算去那里。本题考查名词。冠
词后需用名词形式。
38. directions 句意：——医生，这个药怎么服用？——就遵照瓶子上的说明即可。directions 用法说明，
follow the directions 遵循说明。
39. devotion 句意：对于从事像教育、医疗这样的服务业的人们来说，具有奉献意识是最基本的要求。
设空处的前面是介词 of，故应填名词 devotion(奉献，忠心)。
40. expectation 句意：——你准备好即将到来的面试了吗？——当然准备好了。毕竟一些问题可能会
出乎意料，很难回答。beyond expectation 出乎意料。
Step 3 模拟精粹
语法填空
（1）
(2020· 柳 州 三 模 )My hometown is Hangzhou, which attracts a great many tourists every year. Hangzhou
played a very __1__ (importance) role in Chinese history, so it has a number of great heritage sites well reserved.
Lying on the west district of Hangzhou city, the West Lake __2__ (be) the symbol of Hangzhou as well as one
of the most beautiful __3__ (sight) in China. The West Lake has all along been praised as a sparkling pearl.
If you want to enjoy __4__ whole West Lake, there are three kinds of sceneries you need to see. The sunny
one, the rainy one and the night view of it. There is a saying that the sunny West Lake is not equal __5__ the rainy
West Lake, and the rainy West Lake is less beautiful than the West Lake at night.
At last there is a love tale, which happened at West Lake. It is said __6__ a white snake changed into a
beautiful lady, who __7__ (call) Bai Suzhen. She was willing to repay Xu Xian for __8__ (save) her life 500 years
ago. Then she married him, living together __9__ (happy)．But the Monk Fa Hai kept doing wrongs to her. He
finally made them part. Bai Suzhen was shut in the Leifeng Tower and the couple had no chance __10__ (meet)
again.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。作者介绍了自己的家乡杭州的西湖和西湖的传说。
1．important 考查形容词。play a very important role in 表示“在……中起着非常重要的作用”。故填
important。
2．is 考查时态和主谓一致。此处陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，且句子主语是专有名词 West Lake，
谓语用单数。故填 is。
3．sights 考查名词复数。sight 为可数名词，one of 后跟复数名词表示“……其中之一”。故填 sights。
4．the 考查冠词。此处 whole West Lake 表示特指，应用定冠词 the。
5．to 考查介词。be equal to 意思是“与……相等”。 故填 to。
6．that 考查连接词。此处为 it 作形式主语，构成句型 it is said that ...表示“据说……”。故填 that。
7．was called 考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。此处句子主语是 who，指的是 lady，与 call 是被动关
系，且描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为单数名词，谓语也应用单数。故填 was called。
8．saving 考查非谓语动词。for 为介词，后跟动词 ing 形式做宾语。故填 saving。
9．happily 考查副词。此处修饰动词 living，应用副词 happily 作状语，表示“快乐地”。
10．to meet 考查非谓语动词。have a chance to do sth.的意思是“有机会做某事”，chance 后跟不定式。故
填 to meet。
(2)
The weather refers to the condition of the atmosphere at a certain time and place, like temperature, wind, rain,
sun, etc. The weather __1__ (relate) to our life. It is all around us all the time, __2__ (play) an important part in our
life. We can’t control the weather, but the weather often controls how and where we live, what we do, what we
wear and what we eat.
The weather changes __3__ (constant)．But do you know what it is __4__ makes the weather change? In
general, the more sunlight a place gets, the __5__ (warm) it will be. Some places get lots of sunlight. Some places
get little __6__ no sunlight in winter. And their temperatures differ from place to place. These __7__ (different) in
temperature make the air and water move around the earth, which in turn causes the weather __8__ (change)．
People often confuse “weather” with “climate” ． Actually, they are not __9__ same thing. Climate is the
weather of a place over a long time. The weather changes from day to day and even from hour to hour. It can be
__10__ (sun) in the morning, cold and wet in the afternoon, but the climate changes very slowly over years.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了天气的相关知识，其对人们生活的影响以及它与气候
的不同。
1．is related 考查时态。be related to 意思是“与……有关”，这里说的是一般性情况，用一般现在时。
2．playing 考查非谓语动词。playing an important part in our life 是现在分词短语作状语，分词动作与
逻辑主语之间是主动关系。
3．constantly 考查副词。修饰谓语动词，需用 constant 的副词形式。
4．that 考查连接词。what 引导的宾语从句中使用了强调句型。
5．warmer 考查比较级。“the＋比较级 ...，the＋比较级 ...”表示“越……，就越……”。
6．or 考查连词。该句意思是“有些地方在冬天很少或者没有阳光”。
7．differences 考查名词。空格中所填单词在句中作主语，需用 different 的名词形式；又因为 these 修
饰可数名词复数形式，故填 differences。
8．to change 考查固定搭配。cause sb./sth.to do sth.为固定搭配，表示“引起某人/物做某事”。
9．the 考查冠词。same 前常用定冠词 the。
10．sunny 考查形容词。空格中所填单词在句中作表语，需用 sun 的形容词形式。
短文改错
(1)
My English has never been very perfectly. I have many puzzles, especially on English grammar. I will be a
seniorthree student after the summer vacation. Concerned about my English, dad turned his teacher before. Dad
studied very poorly as young but failed to enter the university, which he regrets all his life. But he worships his
English teacher whom retired last year. Thus, he sent me to his teacher, beg him to direct me in my English study.
He is the real expert. Soon I was attracted by his rich knowledges. He cleared up my doubts one by one. To my
excite, he gave me three books he had wrote about English study. I am like his grammar books very much.
答案：第一句：perfectly→perfect
第四句：turned 后加 to
第五句：but→and
第六句：whom→who/that
第七句：beg→begging
第八句：the→a
第九句：knowledges→knowledge
第十一句：excite→excitement; wrote→written
第十二句：去掉 am
(2)
When I was little, my parents would read me some fairy tales before I sleep. I fell in love for books and I
couldn’t sleep if my parents missed that part. Thank to my parents, books have been part of my life. Some people
educate their children to reading more books. They expect their children to make many money when they will grow
up. But my parents just want me to enjoy reading. The more I read, greater joy I get from the books. Reading books
also bring me some skills to solve problems in life. I know the ways to adjust myself but then face life positively,
especial when I’m in low spirits. So I’ll continue to read books.
答案：第一句：sleep→slept
第二句：for→with
第三句：Thank→Thanks
第四句：reading→read
第五句：many→much; 去掉 will
第七句：greater 前加 the
第八句：bring→brings
第九句：but→and; especial→especially
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