英语
本试卷 8 页。总分 150 分。考试时间 120 分钟。
注意事项：
1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写
在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。
3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分 30 分）
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上
的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节（共 5 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 7.5 分）
听下面 5 段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选
出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有 10 秒钟的时间来
回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
例：How much is the shirt？
A. £19.15. B. £9.18. C. £9.15.
答案是 C。
1. Where does the conversation probably take place?
A. In a café. B. In a plane. C. In a restaurant.
2. What is Lisa doing?
A. She's having a phone call.
B. She's washing some dishes.
C. She's writing her report.
3. What does the woman do?
A. She's a reporter. B. She's a waitress. C. She's a student.
4. When will the conference start?
A. At 15:00. B. At 15:25. C. At 15:30.
5. What are the speakers mainly talking about?
A. The trip. B. The weather. C. The traffic.
第二节（共 15 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 22.5 分）
听下面 5 段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C
三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将
有时间阅读各个小题，每小题 5 秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出 5 秒钟的作答时间。
每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第 6 段材料，回答第 6、7 题。
6. How did the woman spend her weekend?
A. She went camping.
B. She stayed at home.
C. She visited some friends.
7. Where did the woman and her friends have tea?
A. In the open air. B. In a hotel. C. In the farmhouse.
听第 7 段材料，回答第 8、9 题。
8. Why does Lily speak to Ted?
A. She wants to rent a room.
B. She wants to help her cousin.
C. She wants to invite him to a party.
9. Who'd like to rent a room?
A. Ted. B. James. C. Dave.
听第 8 段材料，回答第 10 至 12 题。
10. What happened to the man?
A. He had a car accident.
B. He felt a pain in the heart.
C. A passenger fell ill in his car.
11. Where is the man now?
A. On Lincoln Highway. B. In a McDonald's.
C. At a police station.
12. What will the man do next?
A. Go to hospital at once.
B. Park his car immediately.
C. Stay and wait for help to come.
听第 9 段材料，回答第 13 至 16 题。
13. What is the probable relationship between the speakers?
A. Waitress and customer.
B. Interviewer and interviewee.
C. Manager and staff member.
14. When is the woman available?
A. Wednesday. B. Thursday. C. Saturday.
15. Why can the woman work only part-time?
A. She's taking some medicine.
B. She's studying at college.
C. She's working for several restaurants.
16. How does the woman feel at last?
A. Disappointed. B. Satisfied. C. Worried.
听第 10 段材料，回答第 17 至 20 题。
17. What should a swimmer do at the front desk?
A. Buy a ticket. B. Leave the ID. C. Read some information.
18. Who is forbidden to enter the pool?
A. The sick swimmer.
B. The swimmer after a shower.
C. The swimmer in suitable clothes.
19. What can we learn about the young children from the speaker?
A. They often have swimming accidents.
B. They will write reports before swimming.
C. They should be with adults while swimming.
20. How is the schedule of the swimming pool changed?
A. The pool opens an hour later.
B. The pool closes an hour earlier.
C. The opening time is half an hour longer.
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分 40 分）
第一节（共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 30 分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Four Interesting Science Museums
Polytechnic Museum, Russia
For many guests of the capital, some of the most vivid childhood memories are associated with
this museum. A variety of technical fields are presented in 65 halls-Mining, Space, Energy, and
Transportation, etc. And the exposition（博览会）is the only museum project in Russia about the
history of the bike. The interactive division "Technoplay" is open, where you not only can but also
need touch most of the exhibits with your hands. In addition to self-experimentation, for personal
requests the museum's experts will show many entertaining experiments.
Eureka, England
The Eureka educational center is a huge complex where modern science and technology are
becoming clear, even to kids. The main exhibition is devoted to the human body, the laws of physics
and natural things. Visitors can obtain energy or create paper with their own hands. On the area of
the Eureka educational park there is a botanical garden and a collection of minerals from the rock
types of Finland is presented there.
Deutsches Museum, Germany
In this museum you can see more than 100 thousand different items from windmills（风车）to
medical equipment. All aspects of industrial production appear before the eyes. Several museum
rooms are arranged especially for children-there are exhibits that entertain kids starting from three.
NEMO, the Netherlands
The largest Dutch research centre stands ready to share its secrets with everyone. This
immersion（沉浸）in the world of science and technology will not be dull. All significant information
is presented in the form of exciting games. All exhibits are interactive; visitors are allowed to touch,
pull and press on anything. The museum is for children from 6 to 16, as well as for their parents-it
will be interesting to all.
1. What can visitors do at Polytechnic Museum?
A. Learn how the bike developed. B. Touch all of the exhibits.
C. Watch entertaining movies. D. Show entertaining experiments.
2. Where should visitors go if they are interested in plants?
A. Polytechnic Museum. B. Eureka.
C. Deutsches Museum. D. NEMO.
3. What makes NEMO unique?
A. It is specially designed for children.
B. It is the largest museum in the world.
C. It shows information of exhibits in games.
D. Some exhibits can be touched or pressed.
【答案】1. A 2. B 3. C
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了四家有趣的科学博物馆。
【详解】1. 细节理解题。根据 Polytechnic Museum, Russia 部分的“And the exposition is the only
museum project in Russia about the history of the bike.”可知，而此次博览会是俄罗斯唯一一个关
于自行车历史的博物馆项目。在 Polytechnic Museum 这家博物馆，游客可以了解自行车的发展
历史，故选 A。
2. 细节理解题。根据 Eureka，England 部分的“On the area of the Eureka educational park there is
a botanical garden”可知，尤里卡教育公园有一个植物园。由此可知，如果游客对植物感兴趣，
他们应该去 Eureka，故选 B。
3. 细节理解题。根据 NEMO，the Netherlands 部分的“All significant information is presented in
the form of exciting games.”可知，所有重要信息都以激动人心的游戏形式呈现。所以使 NEMO
独特的是这家博物馆给孩子提供寓教于乐的参观方式，故选 C。
B
After university in 2011, Samuel went to a rural primary school for native children, where, on
his first day, another teacher told him, "Samuel, you don't have to do much, they're just Orang
Asli-native children." This was what Samuel would spend years fighting against.
The Orang Asli community has struggled with poverty, melting into society, and losing their
own identity and culture due to others' disregard of it. Samuel saw that the main barrier in teaching
these children was the attitude on the part of many teachers that the native children were not worth
their efforts. It was thought that whatever was taught would make no difference, so nobody bothered
to try. The children themselves ended up believing these stigmas (污名), often doubting what they
can achieve. Teachers skipped or slept in classes, and little effort was made to create an appropriate
learning environment. Consequently, the school was one of the worst-performing in the district.
Samuel bonded with his native students and accepted their culture, leading him to see their
potential. However, he also came to see that they did not have equal opportunities compared to urban
schools, due to the lack of facilities. So he set up a crowdfunding project to create a fully equipped
21st-century English classroom with tablets and computers. The Orang Asli children now learn
technology, experience English and communicate in English with volunteers all over Malaysia and
overseas.
Consequently, the students have improved in national standardized examinations, from a pass
rate of 30% in English (2008-2012) to an average of 80% (2013-2017). These efforts have resulted
in a shift of what local children are considered capable of academically.
4. What did the teacher's words suggest about the native children?
A. They were intelligent. B. They were hopeless.
C. They were unfriendly. D. They were independent.
5. What major problem did Samuel need to solve?
A. The poverty of local people. B. The lack of facilities in his school.
C. The prejudice against the native kids. D. The unsuitable teaching methods.
6. What is paragraph 3 mainly about?
A. The change of native students.
B. The importance of learning English.
C. The improvement of native education.
D. Samuel's work for the native kids.
7. What can we learn from Samuel's story?
A. Respect makes a big difference.
B. The academic performance comes first.
C. Everyone deserves access to education.
D. One method can't apply to each situation.
【答案】4. B 5. C 6. D 7. A
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了 Samuel 尊重原居民学生，通过自己的努力改变他们
的学习环境，使他们的学业发生了很大的变化。
【4 题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段中其他老师对 Samuel 所说的话“you don't have to do much,
they're just Orang Asli-native children.(你不用做太多，他们只是原居民的孩子)”以及第二段中
“the native children were not worth their efforts. It was thought that whatever was taught would
make no difference,(当地的孩子不值得他们的努力。人们认为无论教什么都不会有区别)”可推
知，这些原居民学生被认为是没有希望的。故选 B。
【5 题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段中“Samuel saw that the main barrier in teaching these children was
the attitude on the part of many teachers that the native children were not worth their efforts.(塞缪尔
发现教育这些孩子的主要障碍是许多教师的态度，认为原居民的孩子不值得他们的努力。他
们认为无论教什么都不会有区别)”可知，对这些原居民孩子的偏见是 Samuel 要解决的主要问
题。故选 C。
【6 题详解】
主 旨 大 意 题 。 根 据 第 三 段 中 “Samuel bonded with his native students and accepted their
culture, …So he set up a crowdfunding project to create a fully equipped 21st-century English
classroom with tablets and computers.(Samuel 与他的本土学生建立了联系，接受了他们的文
化……他发起了一个众筹项目，希望建立一个配备电脑、设备齐全的 21 世纪英语教室)”可知，
该段是介绍 Samuel 为改善学生学习状态和学习环境所做的工作。故选 D。
【7 题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“the main barrier … was the attitude on the part of many teachers that the
native children were not worth their efforts.”可知，老师对本土学生有偏见，认为教他们不值得
努力；根据第二段中的词语“disregard(漠视，不尊重)”，“stigmas(污名)”可知，这些孩子
受到歧视，没有得到尊重；文章第三段提到 Samuel 为改变这些学生的学习环境所做的努力；
根据第四段“These efforts have resulted in a shift of what local children are considered capable of
academically.”可知，Samuel 的努力导致了本土儿童在学习能力方面的转变。Samuel 对本土孩
子的尊重，为他们做出的努力，使他们的学业有了很大的变化。由此推知，从 Samuel 的故事
中，我们可以学习到尊重能带来巨大的变化。故选 A。
C
A shocking 53.6 million tons of electronic waste were discarded（丢弃）last year, a new
UN-backed report has revealed. The report shows that e-waste is up 21%from five years ago. This
isn't surprising, considering how many more people are adopting new technology and updating
devices regularly to have the latest versions, but the report also shows that national collection and
recycling strategies are nowhere close to matching consumption rates.
E-waste contains materials including copper（铜）, iron, gold and silver, which the report gives
a conservative value of $ 57 billion. But most are thrown away or burned rather than being collected
for recycling. Precious metals in waste are estimated to be worth $ 14 billion, but only $4
billion-worth is recovered at the moment.
While the number of countries with national e-waste policies has grown from 61 to 78 since
2014, there is little encouragement to obey and a mere 17% of collected items are recycled. If
recycling does occur, it's often under dangerous conditions, such as burning circuit boards to recover
copper, which "releases highly poisonous metals" and harms the health of workers.
The report found that Asia has the highest amounts of waste overall, producing 24.9 million
metric tons (MMT), followed by Europe at 12 MMT, Africa at 2.9 MMT, and Oceania at 0.7 MMT.
But whose responsibility is it? Are governments in charge of setting up collection and recycling
points, or should companies be responsible for recycling the goods they produce? It goes both ways.
Companies do need to be held accountable by government regulations and have incentives to design
products that are easily repaired. At the same time, governments need to make it easy for citizens to
access collection points and deal with their broken electronics in a convenient way. Otherwise, they
may turn to the easiest option-the landfill.
8. What can we learn from the first paragraph?
A. What e-waste refers to.
B. Where e-waste is collected.
C. Why e-waste is increasing rapidly.
D. How many kinds e-waste includes.
9. What do the statistics in paragraph 2 show?
A. The functions of policies.
B. The great damage to environment.
C. The change of consumption rates.
D. The urgency of recovering e-waste.
10. What is the problem with recycling e-waste at present?
A. It does harm to the workers' health.
B. It lacks national policy support.
C. It hardly makes profits.
D It takes too much time.
11. How should the problem be solved according to the passage?
A. New technology should be used to update old devices.
B. Governments and companies should take responsibilities.
C. Non-poisonous metals had better be used in e-device.
D. Citizens must play a key role in recycling e-waste.
【答案】8. C 9. D 10. A 11. B
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了电子垃圾的回收问题。
【详解】1.推理判断题。由第一段最后一句“This isn't surprising, considering how many more
people are adopting new technology and updating devices regularly to have the latest versions, but
the report also shows that national collection and recycling strategies are nowhere close to matching
consumption rates.”（这并不奇怪，考虑到有多少人正在采用新技术和定期更新设备以获得最
新版本，但报告还显示，国家收集和回收战略远远不能达到与消费率相匹配的水平。）可知，
越来越多的人使用电子产品，且电子产品的回收策略与消费速率不匹配，这就导致了电子垃
圾的数量飞速增长。选项 C 与文意一致，故选 C。
2.推理判断题。根据第二段“E-waste contains materials including copper（铜）, iron, gold and
silver, which the report gives a conservative value of $ 57 billion. But most are thrown away or
burned rather than being collected for recycling. Precious metals in waste are estimated to be worth
$ 14 billion, but only $4 billion-worth is recovered at the moment.”（电子垃圾含有铜、铁、金和
银等物质，报告给出的保守价值为 570 亿美元。但是大多数都被扔掉或者烧掉了，而不是被
收集起来再循环利用。废物中的贵金属估计价值 140 亿美元，但目前只回收了价值 40 亿美元
的贵金属。）通过数字对比可知，目前电子垃圾中有用材料的回收利用率还很低，浪费严重。
所以第 2 段的统计数字显示了回收电子垃圾的紧迫性，故选 D。
3.细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“ If recycling does occur, it's often under dangerous
conditions, such as burning circuit boards to recover copper, which "releases highly poisonous
metals" and harms the health of workers.”（如果循环利用真的发生了，这个过程通常是在危险
的条件下进行的，比如燃烧电路板回收铜，这会释放出剧毒金属，危害工人的健康。）可知，
在电子产品的回收过程中会产生有害物质危害工人的健康。选项 A 与文意一致，故选 A。
4.细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Are governments in charge of setting up collection and recycling
points, or should companies be responsible for recycling the goods they produce? It goes both
ways.”（是政府负责设立回收点，还是公司负责回收他们生产的产品？两种方法都要用。）可
知，政府和公司都应该承担责任，故选 B。
D
Some termite (白蚁) species have figured out how to enjoy the shelter of the huge complex
nests that the insects build without contributing to their construction. They avoid the full anger of
their builder hosts by being extremely easy-going.
Animals that live in the nests of another species without affecting them are known as inquilines.
Inquiline termites are unique among termites in being unable to make their own nests. Instead, they
live in the hallways built by another termite, Constrictotermes cyphergaster. Until now, it has been
unclear how the two parties kept peaceful in such tight quarters because termites are typically very
aggressive towards outsiders.
Helder Hugo at the University of Konstanz in Germany and his colleagues collected
Constrictotermes cyphergaster’s nests in the Brazilian Cerrado and brought them into the laboratory.
They then placed host and tenant (房客) termites in either open or narrow areas and used video to
track and record the ways in which the two species reacted to each other.
Right from the start, the inquiline’ termites moved around less than their hosts and interacted
little with them, even in the much narrower area. “Many times,” says Hugo, “when two unrelated
groups are put together in a limited space—such as an experimental area—the outcome is conflict
with losses from both sides.” But that didn’t happen here. Despite attacks from host termites, the
tenant termites were obedient. Hosts would bite or attack the inquilines with strong chemicals, but
their targets never responded in the same way, choosing to flee. Some ignored the hosts completely.
“We did not expect that they would never fight back,” says Hugo, noting that the inquilines are
capable of protecting their own place with mouths. “By preventing conflict going worse, inquiline
termites may considerably improve their chances of living together with their host termites
peacefully.”
“Passiveness does not necessarily lead to defeat, but can be a very useful strategy, saving
energy and resources,” she adds. “Nature may not always be red in tooth and claw, and aggression is
not any more successful a strategy than ‘cowardice’ (儒弱).”
12. What is the feature of the inquiline termites?
A. They live in another termite species’ nests.
B. They are aggressive towards outsiders.
C. They like to build their own nests.
D. They are communicative tenants.
13. What do you learn about the experiment in paragraph 3?
A. The differences between the two species.
B. The findings of the observation.
C. The living habits of termites.
D. The process of the research.
14. What does Hugo think of the inquiline termites’ living strategy?
A. Aggressive. B. Unacceptable. C. Effective. D.
Dangerous.
15. What’s the best title for the text?
A. The Characteristics of Termites
B. Passiveness Doesn’t Necessarily Lead to Defeat
C. The Relationship Between Host and Tenant Termites
D. Termites Use Cowardice to Avoid Their Hosts’Anger
【答案】12. A 13. D 14. C 15. D
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了寄居白蚁自己不筑巢，而是寄居在别的白蚁的巢穴中，
这些白蚁用示弱来躲避巢穴主人的愤怒。
【12 题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段关键句“Inquiline termites are unique among termites in being
unable to make their own nests. Instead, they live in the hallways built by another termite,
Constrictotermes cyphergaster.”（在白蚁中，寄居白蚁是独特的，它们不能够自己筑巢。相反，
它们生活在另一种白蚁 Constrictotermes cyphergaster 建造的巢穴里。）可知，寄居白蚁是独特
的，它们不能够自己筑巢，而是生活在另一种白蚁建造的巢穴中。由此可知，寄居白蚁的特
征是它们生活在另一种白蚁的巢穴里。故选 A 项。
【13 题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段内容“Helder Hugo at the University of Konstanz in Germany and
his colleagues collected Constrictotermes cyphergaster’s nests in the Brazilian Cerrado and brought
them into the laboratory. They then placed host and tenant (房客) termites in either open or narrow
areas and used video to track and record the ways in which the two species reacted to each other.”
（德国康斯坦茨大学的赫尔德·雨果和他的同事们在巴西塞拉多收集了 Constrictotermes
cyphergaster 的巢穴，并把它们带进了实验室。然后，他们将主人和房客白蚁放置在开阔或狭
窄的区域，并用视频追踪和记录这两种白蚁相互反应的方式。）可知，本段主要介绍的是研究
的过程，首先把收集到的巢穴带进实验室，然后将主人和房客白蚁放置在开阔或狭窄的区域，
并用视频追踪和记录这两种白蚁相互反应的方式。由此可知，在第三段中我们了解到了实验
研究的过程。故选 D 项。
【14 题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第四段关键句“Despite attacks from host termites, the tenant termites were
obedient. Hosts would bite or attack the inquilines with strong chemicals, but their targets never
responded in the same way, choosing to flee. Some ignored the hosts completely.”（尽管受到主人
白蚁的攻击，房客白蚁还是听话的。主人会用强烈的化学物质叮咬或攻击寄生白蚁，但它们
的目标从来没有做出同样的反应，而是选择逃跑。有些完全忽视了主人。）可知，面对主人的
攻击，寄生白蚁选择逃跑。根据文章最后一段内容““Passiveness does not necessarily lead to
defeat, but can be a very useful strategy, saving energy and resources,” she adds. “Nature may not
always be red in tooth and claw, and aggression is not any more successful a strategy than
‘cowardice’ (儒弱).””（“被动不一定会导致失败，但可以是一个非常有用的战略，节省能源
和资源，”她补充说。“大自然未必总是红的牙齿和爪子，侵略也不是比‘懦弱’更成功的
策略。”）可知，在雨果看来，寄生白蚁逃跑的被动反应是一个非常有用的战略。由此可知，
雨果认为寄生白蚁的生存策略是有效的。故选 C 项。
【15 题详解】
主旨大意题。分析文章内容，结合第二段关键句“Inquiline termites are unique among termites in
being unable to make their own nests. Instead, they live in the hallways built by another termite,
Constrictotermes cyphergaster.”（在白蚁中，寄居白蚁是独特的，它们不能够自己筑巢。相反，
它们生活在另一种白蚁Constrictotermes cyphergaster建造的走廊里。）和第四段关键句“Despite
attacks from host termites, the tenant termites were obedient. Hosts would bite or attack the
inquilines with strong chemicals, but their targets never responded in the same way, choosing to flee.
Some ignored the hosts completely.”（尽管受到主人白蚁的攻击，房客白蚁还是听话的。主人
会用强烈的化学物质叮咬或攻击寄生白蚁，但它们的目标从来没有做出同样的反应，而是选
择逃跑。有些完全忽视了主人。）可知，文章主要讲述了寄居白蚁独特的生存方式，他们不能
够自己筑巢，而是生活在另一种白蚁建造的巢穴中，并且利用自己的“懦弱”来避免和巢穴
主人发生冲突，以实现居住的目的。“Termites Use Cowardice to Avoid Their Hosts’Anger”意
为“白蚁用怯懦来躲避主人的愤怒”，为短文最佳标题。故选 D 项。
第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 10 分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项
为多余选项。
Camping is a great way to spend family time. It provides great opportunities for kids to explore
new places and try new activities. Even a campsite near home can open up a new world of
excitement. ____16____ If you are looking forward to your camping trip this summer, but are
worried about keeping your parents entertained, here are a few easy suggestions.
____17____ If you are camping in a mountainous area, try mountain biking. Encourage your
parents to bring their bikes along on your camping trip. Flying along together through the bike trails
near your campsite will be an exciting experience for you and your parents alike. Remember to bring
along your helmet, so your parents don't have to worry about your safety and make sure they bring
theirs as well.
Go canoeing（独木舟）or fishing with your parents. Encourage your parents to rent a canoe. You
can paddle（划）downstream if you are camping on a river, or you can move across the lake from one
shore to another. If your parents like to fish and your camping trip is during the fishing season, bring
along your fishing equipment. You can go out in the canoe in the early morning to experience the
best fish. ____18____
Bring along craft supplies. When you go camping with your family, bring along some basic
craft supplies, like paper, glue and scissors. ____19____ With these treasures you can create craft
projects to remember your camping trip. If you are near the ocean you could collect shells with your
parents and make a seashell mobile.
Practice your nature identification. If you and your parents share an interest in nature, find a
good insect, bird, plant, animal or tree identification book. ____20____ Collect different species of
leaves and try to identify them with your family.
A. Take good security measures.
B. Try a new outdoor sport together.
C. Then later in the day you can cook your fish over the campfire.
D. Autumn camping is becoming more popular with family campers.
E. While exploring nature, pick up anything interesting you might find.
F. Try to recognize the different species that you come across with your family.
G. At times it is hard for you to share these new worlds with your family, though.
【答案】16. G 17. B 18. C 19. E 20. F
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了与家人露营时可以一起娱乐的几种做法。
【详解】1.根据上文“Even a campsite near home can open up a new world of excitement.”（即使
是在家附近的露营地，也能开启一个新的令人兴奋的世界。）及下文“ If you are looking forward
to your camping trip this summer, but are worried about keeping your parents entertained, here are a
few easy suggestions.”（如果你期待这个夏天的露营旅行，但又担心让你的父母开心，这里有
一些简单的建议。）可知，设空处描述的为找到这样的露营地后，很难和家人进行快乐分享。
选项 G.“At times it is hard for you to share these new worlds with your family, though.”（有时候，
你很难和家人分享这些新世界。）选项中 share these new worlds 与前文的 a new world of
excitement 相呼应，符合语境。故选 G 项。
2. 结合设空处处于段首的位置可知，设空处为段落的主题句。根据下文“If you are camping in
a mountainous area, try mountain biking.”（如果你在山区露营，试试山地自行车。）此处提到了
在山区露营时，可以尝试山地自行车运动，讲了在野外露营的时候可以尝试新的户外运动。
所以段首的主题句应该是和尝试新的方式露营。选项 B.“Try a new outdoor sport together.”
（一起尝试一项新的户外运动。）与下文内容一致，故选 B 项。
3.根据上文“ If your parents like to fish and your camping trip is during the fishing season, bring
along your fishing equipment. You can go out in the canoe in the early morning to experience the
best fish.”（如果你的父母喜欢钓鱼，而你的露营正好是在钓鱼季节，带上你的钓鱼装备。你
可以在清晨乘独木舟出海，体验最好的钓鱼时刻。）讲到可以在清晨乘独木舟出去钓鱼，选项
C.“Then later in the day you can cook your fish over the campfire.”（然后在一天的晚些时候，
你可以在篝火上烤鱼。）符合语境。故选 C。
4.由本段的主题句“When you go camping with your family, bring along some basic craft supplies,
like paper, glue and scissors.”（当你和家人去野营的时候，带上一些基本的手工用品，比如纸，
胶水和剪刀。要带着手工用品）及下文“With these treasures you can create craft projects to
remember your camping trip.”（有了这些宝贝，你可以创作手工艺品，来纪念你的露营之旅。）
可知，设空处其承上启下的作用，选项 E.“While exploring nature, pick up anything interesting
you might find.”（在探索大自然的时候，找到任何你可能发现的有趣的东西。）符合语境。故
选 E。
5.根据上文“If you and your parents share an interest in nature, find a good insect, bird, plant,
animal or tree identification book.”（如果你和你的父母对大自然有共同的兴趣，找一本好的昆
虫、鸟类、植物、动物或树木的识别本。）可知，接下来可说明带上这样的书的作用。选项 F.“Try
to recognize the different species that you come across with your family.”（尝试着认出你和你的
家人遇到的不同物种。）说明了这本书可以帮助认识不同物种，符合语境。故选 F。
第三部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分 45 分）
第一节（共 20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 30 分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出可以填入
空白处的最佳选项。
On Nov. 29, 2011, my little sister Lily was born. The whole family welcomed her arrival with
____21____ and open arms. We were thrilled to have a new addition to our family.
As she grew her ____22____ became apparent. We ____23____ she would appear distant at
times and was unable to ____24____ with others. The smallest things would keep her entertained for
long periods, and she would ____25____ the same routine happily throughout the day. At the age of
three, Lily was taken to the hospital by my parents. We were told that she was a child with autism,
and she would have ____26____ in communicating and forming relationships with others.
My family were ____27____ to learn that our loved one would probably be unable to live a
____28____ life. Unaware of what exactly this would bring, we made a decision to consider autism
a ____29____. And what a blessing it turned out to be! The diagnosis brought our family
____30____, and we realized a deeper ____31____ for one another.
Raising a child with a developmental disability is a(n) ____32____ process. Mistakes are
____33____. However, through it all, our family is always there watching over her, ____34____ that
she is in a comfortable and safe environment at all times. And Lily knows that she has a loving and
supportive family who can be ____35____ and her biggest cheerleaders when ____36____ is
achieved.
For those normal people perhaps my experience might make you more ____37____ what is
really important in life. As for me, autism has ____38____ been a blessing of strength, courage and
hope. It should not be ____39____ as a burden, but rather as a blessing to the families fortunate
enough to ____40____ a different lifestyle.
21. A. excitement B. caution C. surprise D. patience
22. A. messiness B. carelessness C. kindness D.
uniqueness
23 A. reported B. predicted C. noticed D. proved
24. A. fight B. communicate C. bargain D. debate
25. A. repeat B. treat C. share D. provide
26. A. skills B. belief C. pressure D. difficulty
27. A. disappointed B. calm C. heartbroken D. anxious
28. A. different B. normal C. simple D. relaxing
29. A. sign B. test C. punishment D. blessing
30. A. closer B. tougher C. richer D. healthier
31. A. respect B. mercy C. appreciation D. regret
32. A. encouraging B. learning C. touching D. thinking
33. A. careless B. serious C. deliberate D.
unavoidable
34. A. realizing B. ensuring C. reminding D.
demanding
35. A. kept off B. relied on C. looked after D. helped out
36. A. status B. standard C. progress D. task
37. A. careful with B. curious about C. aware of D. interested
in
38. A. actually B. finally C. suddenly D. merely
39. A. designed B. chosen C. known D. viewed
40. A. experience B. imagine C. change D. explain
【答案】21. A 22. D 23. C 24. B 25. A 26. D 27. C 28. B 29. D
30. A 31. C 32. B 33. D 34. B 35. B 36. C 37. C 38. A 39. D
40. A
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了家人抚养患有自闭症的妹妹的故事以及从中感悟出的
道理。
【21 题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：全家人兴奋地张开双臂欢迎她的到来。A. excitement 激动；B. caution
谨慎；C. surprise 惊喜；D. patience 耐心。根据后文“We were thrilled to have a new addition to our
family.”及常识可知，妹妹出生，全家人都很激动。故选 A。
【22 题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：随着她的成长，她的独特之处越来越明显。A. messiness 混乱；B.
carelessness 粗心；C. kindness 善良；D. uniqueness 独特性。根据后文“she would appear distant
at times and was unable to”可知，Lily 有时显得冷漠，无法与别人交流，身上的特性越来越明
显。故选 D。
【23 题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们注意到她有时显得很冷漠，无法与别人交流。A. reported 报告；
B. predicted 预测；C. noticed 注意到；D. proved 证明。根据后文“she would appear distant at times
and was unable to”可知，Lily 的家人注意到了她的一些特别的地方。故选 C。
【24 题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们注意到她有时显得很冷漠，无法与别人交流。A. fight 奋斗；
B. communicate 交流；C. bargain 交易；D. debate 辩论。呼应后文“in communicating and forming
relationships with others.”Lily 和别人交流有困难。故选 B。
【25 题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：即使是最微小的事情也能让她开心很久，而且她会一整天都愉快
地重复同样的事情。A. repeat 重复；B. treat 对待；C. share 分享；D. provide 提供。根据后文
“the same routine happily throughout the day”可知，Lily 喜欢一整天做重复的事情。故选 A。
【26 题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们被告知她是一个患有自闭症的孩子，她在沟通和与他人建立
关系方面有困难。A. skills 技能；B. belief 信念；C. pressure 压力；D. difficulty 困难。结合上
文“was unable to … with others”和常识可知，患有自闭症的 Lily 在和他人沟通、建立关系方
面有困难。have difficulty in doing sth.“做某事有困难”。故选 D。
【27 题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：得知我们所爱的人可能无法过正常的生活，我的家人都很伤心。
A. disappointed 失望的；B. calm 平静的；C. heartbroken 伤心的；D. anxious 焦虑的。上文提到
Lily 患有自闭症，无法过正常的生活，所以家人很伤心。故选 C。
【28 题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：得知我们所爱的人可能无法过正常的生活，我的家人都很伤心。
A. different 不同的；B. normal 正常的；C. simple 简单的；D. relaxing 放松的。上文中“We were
told that she was a child with autism”提到 Lily 患有自闭症，且和别人交流建立关系有困难，即：
Lily 无法过正常的生活。故选 B。
【29 题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：由于不知道这将带来什么，我们决定将自闭症视为一种祝福。A. sign
迹象；B. test 测试；C. punishment 惩罚；D. blessing 祝福。呼应后文“And what a blessing it turned
out to be!”可知，作者一家把这种病视为一种祝福。故选 D。
【30 题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这个诊断让我们的家庭更加亲密，我们意识到对彼此更深的感
激。A. closer 更亲密的；B. tougher 更艰难的；C. richer 更富有的；D. healthier 更健康的。照
料自闭症的患者需要付出更多的精力，而这个过程也让家人之间的关系更亲密。故选 A。
【31 题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个诊断让我们的家庭更加亲密，我们意识到对彼此更深的感激。
A. respect 尊重；B. mercy 仁慈；C. appreciation 感激；D. regret 后悔。在照顾家人的过程中，
彼此都付出很多，所以此处指感激彼此。故选 C。
【32 题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：抚养一个有发育障碍的孩子是一个学习的过程。A. encouraging 鼓
励；B. learning 学习；C. touching 触动；D. thinking 思考。后文“Mistakes”表明，自闭症患
者与正常人不一样，会面临很多问题，这需要家人共同学习。故选 B。
【33 题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：错误不可避免。A. careless 粗心的；B. serious 严肃的；C. deliberate
故意的；D. unavoidable 不可避免的。家人以前没有照顾过自闭症患者，在这个过程中肯定会
有很多失误，所以错误是不可避免的。故选 D。
【34 题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，在这一切中，我们的家人一直守护着她，确保她始终处于
一个舒适、安全的环境中。A. realizing 意识到；B. ensuring 确保；C. reminding 提醒；D. demanding
要求。根据后文“that she is in a comfortable and safe environment at all times”可知 Lily 的家人
永远在那里照顾着她，确保她一直生活在舒服、安全的环境中。故选 B。
【35 题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：Lily 知道她有一个可以依靠的充满爱和支持的家庭，是当她取得
进步时她最大的支持者。A. kept off 让开；B. relied on 依靠；C. looked after 照顾；D. helped out
帮助摆脱困境。结合上文“she has a loving and supportive family who can be”可知，作者一家
一直守护着 Lily，所以 Lily 明白她可以依靠家人。故选 B。
【36 题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：Lily 知道她有一个可以依靠的充满爱和支持的家庭，是当她取得
进步时她最大的支持者。A. status 地位；B. standard 标准；C. progress 进步；D. task 任务。根
据前后文“her biggest cheerleaders when … is achieved”可知对患有自闭症的 Lily 的每一点进
步，家人都非常高兴，都会欢呼庆祝。故选 C。
【37 题详解】
考查固定短语辨析。句意：对于那些普通人来说，也许我的经历会让你们更清楚什么才是生
命中真正重要的东西。A. careful with 当心；B. curious about 好奇；C. aware of 意识到；D.
interested in 感兴趣。根据前后文“For those normal people perhaps my experience might make
you more …what is really important in life”可知，作者的经历会使你意识到人生中到底什么东
西才是真正重要的。故选 C。
【38 题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：对我来说，自闭症实际上是一种力量、勇气和希望的祝福。A. actually
实际上；B. finally 终于；C. suddenly 突然；D. merely 仅仅。结合后文“been a blessing of strength,
courage and hope”可知，作者一家人没有把自闭症视为负担，而认为自闭症实际上是一种力
量、勇气和希望的祝福，actually 符合语境。故选 A。
【39 题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：它不应该被看作是一种负担，而应该被看作是一种祝福，对于那
些有幸体验到不同生活方式的家庭来说。A. designed 设计；B. chosen 选择；C. known 知道；
D. viewed 看作。根据后文“as a burden”可知把自闭症看作负担，短语 be viewed as“被看
作……”。故选 D。
【40 题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：它不应该被看作是一种负担，而应该被看作是一种祝福，对于那
些有幸体验到不同生活方式的家庭来说。A. experience 经历，体验；B. imagine 想象；C. change
改变；D. explain 解释。照顾自闭症患者，整个家庭生活会和普通的正常家庭完全不一样，所
以是体验一种不一样的生活方式。故选 A。
第二节（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 15 分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Of all the events in the universe, solar eclipses may lead to the ____41____(great) change in
animal behavior.____42____(puzzle) animals that are active during the day head back to their night
places while night animals think they've overslept.
When the sun, moon and the earth are ____43____ a straight line, there will be an eclipse, so
that the moon completely ____44____(block) the sun. Around the world, when a solar eclipse occurs,
unusual phenomena in animals are often reported.
Some spiders start breaking ____45____(they) nets during the eclipse, just as they usually do at
the end of the day. Once the solar eclipse has passed, they will start to rebuild them.
____46____(similar) , fish and birds, ____47____ are active during the day, go to their night resting
places while bats come out. They seem to be tricked by ____48____ sudden darkness.
Once it ____49____(observe) that hippos in Zimbabwe left their rivers during an eclipse and
headed towards their night _____50_____(feed) places on dry land. In the middle of their journey,
the solar eclipse passed, daylight returned, and the hippos gave up their efforts.
【答案】41. greatest
42. Puzzled
43. in 44. blocks
45. their 46. Similarly
47. which 48. the
49. was observed
50. feeding
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。在所有的宇宙事件中，日食可能会导致动物行为的最大变化。文
章介绍了日食对动物行为的影响。
【41 题详解】
考查形容词最高级。句意：在所有的宇宙事件中，日食可能会导致动物行为的最大变化。根
据上文定冠词 the 以及句意“最大”可知应填形容词最高级 greatest。故填 greatest。
【42 题详解】
考查形容词。句意：白天活跃的、感到困惑的动物会回到它们晚上栖息的地方，而夜晚的动
物则认为自己睡过头了。修饰后文名词 animals 应用形容词 puzzled，作定语，表示“感到困惑
的”。故填 Puzzled。
【43 题详解】
考查介词。句意：当太阳、月亮和地球在一条直线上时，就会发生日食，使月亮完全遮住太
阳。结合句意表示“在一条直线上”可知短语为 in a straight line。故填 in。
【44 题详解】
考查时态。句意：当太阳、月亮和地球在一条直线上时，就会发生日食，使月亮完全遮住太
阳。句子陈述客观事实用一般现在时，主语为 moon，谓语动词用第三人称单数。故填 blocks。
【45 题详解】
考查代词。句意：一些蜘蛛在日食期间开始破网，就像它们通常在一天结束时所做的那样。
修饰后文名词 nets 应用形容词性物主代词 their。故填 their。
【46 题详解】
考查副词。句意：同样的，白天活跃的鱼类和鸟类晚上会去休息，而蝙蝠才会出来。修饰后
文整个句子应用副词 similarly，作状语，句首单词首字母要大写。故填 Similarly。
【47 题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：同样的，白天活跃的鱼类和鸟类晚上会去休息，而蝙蝠才会出来。此
处为非限制性定语从句修饰先行词 fish and birds，先行词在从句中作主语，指物，故应用关系
代词 which 引导，that 不能引导非限制性定语从句。故填 which。
【48 题详解】
考查冠词。句意：它们似乎被突如其来的黑暗所欺骗。darkness 此处特指日食造成的突然黑暗，
应用定冠词 the。故填 the。
【49 题详解】
考查时态语态。句意：有一次观察到津巴布韦的河马在月食时离开它们的河流，前往它们夜
间进食的陆地。由时间状语 Once 及后文的时态可知，空格处应用一般过去时，且 it 作形式主
语，与 observe 之间为被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为 it，谓语动词用单数。
故填 was observed。
【50 题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：有一次观察到津巴布韦的河马在月食时离开它们的河流，前往它们夜
间进食的陆地。固定短语 feeding place，表示“摄食区、取食场所”。故填 feeding。
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分 35 分）
第一节 短文改错（共 10 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 10 分）
51. 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有
10 处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉，修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后
的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改 10 处，多者（从第 11 处起）不计分。
Last Saturday, I took part in an English speech competition hold by our school. I was really
excited about it. When it was my turn, I walked onto the stage. I felt nervously and frightened with
such large a crowd looking at me! I was about to give up as I saw my family members seated there. I
regained belief in me at once. I was announced as one of the second-prize winner and all my family
take great pride in me for my success.
I am glad to have participated in contest. I learnt a lot of from this experience. I improved my
English speaking skills. I also learnt what to face people bravely and confidently.
【答案】1. hold →held
2. nervously→ nervous
3. such→so
4. as→when
5. me→ myself
6. winner → winners
7. take→ took
8. in 后加 the
9.去掉 lot 后的 of
10. what→ how
【解析】
【分析】本文是记叙文。文章讲述了作者参加学校英语演讲比赛的经历和感受。
【详解】1.考查过去分词。句意：上周六，我参加了学校举办的英语演讲比赛。分析可知，此
处应用非谓语动词，an English speech competition 和 hold 之间是逻辑上的被动关系，应该用过
去分词作后置定语；hold 是不规则变化动词，过去分词为 held。故将 hold 改为 held。
2.考查形容词。句意：这么多人看着我，我感到紧张和害怕! 在系动词 feel 后，应该接形容词
作表语。故将 nervously 改为 nervous。
3.考查副词。句意：这么多人看着我，我感到紧张和害怕! 修饰形容词 large，应该用副词 so；
此处是“so+形容词+a+单数可数名词”结构。故将 such 改为 so。
4.考查从属连词。句意：就在我正要放弃的时候，我看到我的家人坐在那里。此处是短语 be about
to do… when“正要做……这时……”。故将 as 改为 when。
5.考查代词。句意：我立刻重新有了自信。主语是 I，介词宾语和主语所指相同，应该用相应
的反身代词 myself。故将 me 改为 myself。
6.考查可数名词单复数。句意：我被宣布是二等奖获得者之一。“one of…”表示“……之一”，
后面接可数名词的复数形式。 故将 winner 改为 winners。
7.考查时态。句意：我所有的家人都为我的成功感到骄傲。全文叙述的是过去发生事情，用一
般过去时，此句也应该用一般过去时；take 是不规则变化动词，过去式为 took。故将 take 改
为 took。
8.考查冠词。句意：我很高兴参加了这次比赛。此处用定冠词 the 指上文提到的英语演讲比赛。
故 in 后加 the。
9.考查固定短语。句意：我从这次经历中学到了很多。 a lot of 表示“许多……”后接名词；
此处是修饰句子的谓语动词 learned，应该用 a lot。故去掉 lot 后的 of。
10.考查疑问词。句意：我也学会了如何勇敢自信地面对人。此处是“疑问词+不定式”结构；
根据句意，应该用疑问词 how，意思为“如何（面对人）”。 故将 what 改为 how。
第二节 书面表达（满分 25 分）
52. 你校英文报 Sports and Health 专栏正在征稿，邀请你推荐一项适合中学生的健身项目，要
点包括：
1.项目名称；
2.推荐理由。
注意：
1.词数 100 左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
【答案】Walking is the easiest and simplest form of exercise to stay healthy and lose weight. Besides,
walking is of great convenience. You can take a walk during the class breaks or after dinner. You can
walk at a fast speed or just walk slowly around the campus, and it is up to you to decide where you
will walk and whom you will walk with. Importantly, you can avoid some unnecessary injuries
which often occur in other sports and all you need may be only a pair of sneakers.
Choose walking and begin your journey to good health and healthy life with each step.
【解析】
【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给校英文报 Sports and Health 专栏投稿，推荐一
项适合中学生的健身项目。
【详解】第一步：审题
体裁：应用文
时态：根据提示，时态主要为一般现在时。
结构：总分法
总分法指把主题句作为总说，把支持句作为分说，并以这种方式安排所写内容。
要求：
1.项目名称；
2.推荐理由。
第二步:列提纲 （重点词组）
a form of exercise,stay healthy and lose weight, be of great convenience,take a walk,be up to you
第三步：连词成句
1.Walking is the easiest and simplest form of exercise to stay healthy and lose weight.
2.Walking is of great convenience.
3.Walking is of great convenience. You can take a walk during the class breaks or after dinner.
4.It is up to you to decide where you will walk and whom you will walk with.
根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。
第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）
表并列补充关系：Besides
连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰。
【点睛】[高分句型 1]
Besides, walking is of great convenience. You can take a walk during the class breaks or after dinner.
（运用了动名词短语做主语）
[高分句型 2]
Importantly, you can avoid some unnecessary injuries which often occur in other sports and all you
need may be only a pair of sneakers.（运用了定语从句）
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