2021年高考英语二轮复习动词的时态和语态考点讲解(附解析)
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2021年高考英语二轮复习动词的时态和语态考点讲解(附解析)

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时间:2021-04-02

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动词的时态和语态 知识点一 一般时态 1.一般现在时 (1)表示经常发生的、习惯性的、反复出现的动作或状态。常与表示习惯的副词(词组)always,every time, now and then,occasionally,often,seldom,sometimes,usually,every day/night 等连用。 (2)按时间表、时刻表、日程表等安排将要发生的动作,用一般现在时。只限于 go,arrive,leave, start,stay,return,begin,come 等动词。 (3)用在时间、条件或让步状语从句中,用一般现在时表示将来。 Around two o’clock every night,Sue will start talking in her dream.It somewhat bothers us. 每天晚上两点左右,苏就说梦话。这使我们有点烦心。 If it doesn’t rain,we’ll go on a picnic as planned. 如果不下雨,我们将按计划去野餐。 Whatever you say,I will not change my mind. 无论你说什么,我都不会改变主意。 The flight takes off at 2:30 every Wednesday and Friday. 飞机每周三、周五 2:30 起飞。 2.一般过去时 表示在过去某一时间点发生的动作或所处的状态,与现在没有关系或表示过去一段时间内反复发生的 动作。 —Haven’t seen you for ages! Where have you been? ——好长时间没见你了!你去哪里了? —I went to Ningxia and stayed there for one year,teaching as a volunteer. ——我去了宁夏,在那里待了一年,作为一名志愿者教学。 3.一般将来时 (1)“shall/will+动词原形”表示现在看来以后要发生的动作或存在的状态。“will+动词原形”还 可以表示说话时临时做出的决定。 (2)“be going to+动词原形”表示:①现在打算或计划将来要做的事情;②表示根据某种迹象认为 在最近或将来要发生的事情。 (3)“be to+动词原形”表示:①预先安排好的计划或约定;②表示说话人的意志、意图、指责、义 务、命令等;③表示注定要发生的事情。 (4)“be about to+动词原形”表示正要或即将要做某事,该结构不与表示具体的将来时间状语连用。 (北京卷)—What time is it? ——几点了? —I have no idea.But just a minute,I will check it for you. ——我不知道。但是等一会儿,我给你查一下。 —Mr.Li was ill in hospital. ——李老师生病住院了。 —Oh,I didn’t know.I will go to see him tonight. ——哦,我还不知道呢。我今晚去看他。 I am to meet Mr.Brown at eleven o’clock this morning. 我要在今天上午 11 点见布朗先生。 I was about to go out when it began to rain. 我正要外出,这时开始下雨了。 知识点二 进行时态 1.现在进行时 (1)表示说话时正在进行或表示现阶段正在进行的动作,虽然此时此刻该动作不一定正在进行。 (2)表示按计划或安排即将发生的动作,常限于 go,come,leave,start,arrive,return,work,sleep, stay,have,wear 等。 (3)表示说话人现在对主语的行为表示赞叹或厌恶等(常与 always,constantly,continually 等副词 连用)。 Hurry up,kids!The school bus is waiting for us! 孩子们,快点!校车在等我们! “The moment is coming soon,”he thought to himself,waiting nervously. “这一刻就要来到了,”他自思自忖,紧张地等待着。 He is always finding fault with others. 他总是挑别人的毛病。 2.过去进行时 表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作,常同表示过去的时间状语从句以及 at that time, at that moment,at this time yesterday,at ten o’clock yesterday 等连用。 She was phoning someone,so I nodded to her and went away. 她正在跟别人打电话,因此我朝她点了点头就走开了。 3.将来进行时 表示将来某一时刻正在进行的动作,或表示要从将来某一时刻开始,并继续下去的动作。 Daniel’s family will be enjoying their holiday in Huangshan this time next week. 丹尼尔一家人下星期这个时候将在黄山度假。 知识点三 完成时态 1.现在完成时 (1)表示发生在过去而对现在仍有影响的动作,常用的时间状语:already,just,yet,never,before, lately,recently,in the last(past) few years,up to now,so far 等。 (2)表示从过去某时开始并延续至今的动作或状态,常与 for,since 等表示一段时间的状语连用。 (3)在条件、时间、让步状语从句中,表示将来某时间前已完成的动作。 (4)This/It is the first/second...time+that 从句,that 从句中谓语要用现在完成时。 (5)It(This) is the best(worst,most interesting 等)+名词+定语从句,从句中的谓语用现在完 成时。 —Have you heard about the recent election? ——你听说过近期的选举吗? —Sure,it has been the only thing on the news for the last three days. ——当然了,它是近来三天新闻中唯一的事情了。 It is the most instructive lecture that I have attended since I came to this school. 这 是我自从到这个学校以来所参加过的最有教育意义的讲座。 This is the first time that we have seen a film in the cinema together as a family. 这是第一次我们一家人去电影院看电影。 I will not believe you unless I have seen it with my own eyes. 除非我亲眼看到,否则我不会相信你的。 2.过去完成时 (1)表示在过去某一时间或某一动作之前完成的动作或存在的状态,即过去的过去。 (2)表示从过去某一时间开始,一直延续到过去的另一时间的动作,常用的时间状语:by then,by that time,by the end of,by the time 等。 (3)表示“愿望、打算”的动词(如 hope,want,expect,think,mean,suppose,plan,intend)用于 过去完成时表示过去本打算实现而未实现的希望或计划。 (4)在“hardly(scarcely)...when...”,“no sooner...than...” 句型中,主句用过去完成时, 从句用一般过去时,意为“一……就……”。 Sofia looked around at all the faces: she had the impression that she had seen most of the guests before. 索菲娅环视了所有的面庞,她有印象——绝大多数的客人以前她都见过。 He was unhappy when he sold his guitar.After all,he had had it for a very long time. 他把自己的吉他卖掉时并不高兴。毕竟,他拥有这把吉他已经很长时间了。 I had intended to call on you,but I had an unexpected visitor. 我本来打算去看你,但是来了一位不速之客。 By the time Jack returned home from England,his son had graduated from college. 杰克从英国回到家时,他的儿子已经大学毕业了。 Hardly/No sooner had I got home when/than the rain poured down. 我刚到家,大雨就倾盆而下了。 3.将来完成时 表示在将来某个时间之前完成的动作,并且往往对将来某一时间产生影响。常用时间状语为“by+将 来某个时间”。 By the time Mr.Smith arrives at the supermarket,we will have stayed there for one hour. 等到史密斯先生到达超市时,我们将已经在那里待了一个小时了。 【易错辨析】一般过去时与现在完成时的区别 一般过去时表示的事情纯属过去,只对过去发生的事情进行客观陈述,与现在的情况无关。常与过去 时间状语连用。而现在完成时所表示的事情与现在的情况有关系,是过去事情对现在产生的结果或对现在 的影响。常与 already,ever,never,yet,just 等词连用。 —Have you seen my dictionary? ——你见到我的词典了吗? —Yes,I saw it on your bed yesterday. ——是的,我昨天看见在你床上。 知识点四 其他时态 1.过去将来时 表示从过去某个时间看将要发生的事情,多用于宾语从句中。 He hoped that he would be given a more suitable job next year. 他希望来年能得到更合适的工作。 2.现在完成进行时(have/has been doing) 表示过去某一时刻之前开始的动作或产生的状态一直延续到现在,并有可能继续下去,常和 for,since 引导的时间状语连用。 Since the time humankind started gardening,we have been trying to make our environment more beautiful. 自从人类开始园艺技术的时候起,我们就一直在努力让我们的环境变得更加美丽。 The manager has been telling the workers how to improve the program since 9 am. 自从上午 9 点经理就一直在告诉工人如何改善这一方案。 3.过去完成进行时(had been doing) 表示过去某一时刻之前开始的动作或产生的状态一直延续到过去某一时刻,这一动作可能已经停止也 可能还在进行。 She told me that she had been studying French for 5 years. 她告诉我她已经学习法语 5 年了。(动作仍继续) She told me that she had been waiting for me for an hour. 她告诉我她已经等我一个钟头了。(动作不再继续) 【易错辨析】现在完成时与现在完成进行时的区别 (1)现在完成时强调过去某一动作对现在产生的结果或影响;现在完成进行时强调的是在一段时期内某 项活动的持续性,强调的是动作本身。 (2)现在完成进行时可以表示动作的重复,现在完成时一般不表示重复性。现在完成时通常与 since, ever since,for three months,just,already,yet 等连用。现在完成进行时通常与 since,for three months,all the(this) morning/afternoon/day/month,the whole day 等连用。 —Oh no!We’re too late.The train has left. ——噢,不!我们太晚了。火车已经离开了。 —That’s OK.We’ll catch the next train to London. ——没什么。我们将乘坐下一班去伦敦的火车。 Joseph has been going to evening class since last month,but he still can’t say “What’s your name?” in Russian. 约瑟夫从上个月就开始上夜校,但是他还是不会用俄语说“你叫什么名字”。 知识点五 被动语态 1.被动语态的构成为“be+过去分词”,只要变换 be 的形式就可以得到不同时态的被动语态,除 be 外被动语态的构形式还有:get/become+过去分词。 2.只有及物动词或相当于及物动词的短语才有被动语态,不及物动词或短语无被动语态。常考的不及 物动词或短语:last,cost,spread,happen(to),take place,belong to,break out,go out,run out, work out。 3.主动形式表示被动含义 (1)表示感受、感官的系动词如 feel,sound,taste,look 等,后面跟形容词、名词构成系表结构, 常常以主动形式表示被动意义。 (2)当 sell,read,draw,wash,write,open,wear,run,burn 等不及物动词后带状语(well/easily 等)修饰,用来表示主语内在的品质或性能时用主动形式表示被动含义。 (安徽卷)While waiting for the opportunity to get promoted,Henry did his best to perform his duty. 在等待机会被提拔期间,亨利尽力履行好自己的职责。 —So what is the procedure? ——那么程序是什么样? —All the applicants are interviewed before a final decision is made by the authority. ——所有的应征者都被面试后官方才作出最后的决定。 Food supplies in the floodstricken area are running out.We must act immediately before there’s none left. 洪水灾区的食品即将用完,我们必须在它们用完之前采取措施。 Your reason sounds reasonable. 你的理由听起来很合理。 His books sell well,so they will be sold soon. 他的书很畅销,因此很快就会卖光。 高频考点一、一般时态 例 1.(2019·江苏卷)A few months after he had arrived in China, Mr. Smith ________ in love with the people and culture there. A.would fall B.had fallen C.has fallen D.fell 【答案】D 【解析】考查时态。句意:史密斯先生到中国几个月后,就爱上了那里的人民和文化。这里描述过去 发生的事情,应用一般过去时。 【举一反三】(2019·天津卷)Amy, as well as her brothers, ________ a warm welcome when returning to the village last week. A.is given B.are given C.was given D.were given 【答案】C 【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:上周 Amy 和她的兄弟们回到村庄时受到了热烈的欢迎。根据时 间状语“last week”可知,应用一般过去时;as well as 连接两个并列的主语时,谓语动词应与前面的主 语一致,即与“Amy”一致,故此处应用单数形式。故选 C。 【变式探究】(2018·北京卷)—Hi, I’m Peter. Are you new here? I haven’t seen you around. —Hello, Peter. I’m Bob. I just________on Monday. A.start B.have started C.started D.had started 【答案】C 【解析】考查时态。——你好,我是彼得。你是新来的吗?我没见过你。——你好,彼得。我是鲍勃。 我星期一才开始(在这工作)的。根据语境可知,此处用一般过去时,表示过去某一特定的时间(on Monday) 发生的事。 【变式探究】(2017·江苏卷)He’s been informed that he________for the scholarship because of his academic background. A.hasn’t qualified B.hadn’t qualified C.doesn’t qualify D.wasn’t qualifying 【答案】C 【解析】考查时态。句意:他已被告知,由于他的学术背景,他没有获得奖学金的资格。根据语境可 知,此处描述的是客观事实,因此使用一般现在时。 高频考点二 进行时态 例 2.(2018·北京卷)Susan had quit her well-paid job and ________ as a volunteer in the neighborhood when I visited her last year. A.is working B.was working C.has worked D.had worked 【答案】B 【解析】考查时态。句意:苏珊辞去了她的高薪工作,去年我去拜访她时,她在社区作义工。根据语 境可知,此处表示过去某段时间内正在发生的事,所以用过去进行时。 【举一反三】Jack ________ in the lab when the power cut occurred. A.works B.has worked C.was working D.would work 【答案】C 【解析】考查时态。句意:杰克正在实验室里工作的时候,突然停电了。本句使用了句式结构 be doing sth. when...“正在做某事时突然……”,此时前一分句用过去进行时,后一分句用一般过去时。因此选 C。 【变式探究】It is said that his parents ________ him to be a high achiever, but he turned out to be a nobody. A.expect B.were expecting C.would expect D.have been expecting 【答案】B 【解析】考查时态。句意:据说他的父母一直期望他能大有作为,但结果他成了一个无名小辈。此处 表示过去某段时间内正在进行的动作,应用过去进行时。故选 B。 【变式探究】With the Internet so convenient, several million patients in China ________ webbased mobile platforms for solutions to their healthrelated problems now. A.turned to B.will turn to C.are turning to D.had turned to 【答案】C 【解析】考查动词的时态。句意:因特网是如此方便,几百万中国病人现在正借助于基于网络的移动 平台来寻找解决与他们的健康相关的问题的方法。从句意以及时间状语“now”可看出,此处应用现在进行 时,故选 C。 高频考点三 完成时态 例 3.(2019·江苏卷)The musician along with his band members ________ ten performances in the last three months. A.gives B.has given C.have given D.give 【答案】B 【解析】考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意:这位音乐家和他的乐队成员在过去的三个月里进行了 10 场表演。根据后面的时间状语 in the last three months 可知,谓语动词的时态应用现在完成时;along with 连接两个名词作主语时,谓语动词应与前面的名词在人称和数上保持一致,故选 B 项。 【举一反三】(2019·天津卷)I ________ to send Peter a gift to congratulate him on his marriage, but I couldn’t manage it. A.had hoped B.am hoping C.have hoped D.would hope 【答案】A 【解析】考查时态。句意:我本来想给彼得送个礼物来祝贺他结婚,但是没能成功。根据句意可知, 本句中“想送礼物”发生在“没成功”之前,属于“过去的过去”,应用过去完成时。故选 A。 【举一反三】(2018·北京卷)China’s high-speed railways ________ from 9,000 to 25,000 kilometers in the past few years. A.are growing B.have grown C.will grow D.had grown 【答案】B 【解析】考查时态。句意:在过去的几年中,中国的高速铁路已经从 9 000 公里增加到 25 000 公里。 根据句中的 in the past few years 可知,此处用现在完成时。 【变式探究】The official was shocked by the crash, because the pilot who was killed ________ any trouble. A.hadn’t reported B.didn’t report C.wouldn’t report D.hasn’t reported 【答案】A 【解析】考查时态。句意:那位官员对这次飞机失事感到震惊,因为飞行员在死亡之前并没有报告任 何故障。从句意看,飞机失事是发生在过去的事情,而报告故障显然是飞机失事前发生的事情,即“过去 的过去”,所以用过去完成时。 高频考点四 其他时态 例 4.Dashan, who ________ crosstalk, the Chinese comedic tradition, for decades, wants to mix it up with the Western standup tradition. A.will be learning B.is learning C.had been learning D.has been learning 【答案】D 【解析】考查现在完成进行时态。根据句意及定语从句中的时间状语 for decades 和主句谓语动词 wants 可知,本题使用现在完成进行时态,表示从过去某个时间开始,一直持续到现在,并有可能继续下去的动 作。 【举一反三】—Where is Peter?I can’t find him anywhere. —He went to the library after breakfast and ________ his essay there ever since. A.wrote B.had written C.has been writing D.is writing 【答案】C 【解析】考查时态。句意:“Peter 在哪儿?我到处都找不到他。”“他早饭后去图书馆了,并且从那 时起一直在那儿写他的文章。”由 ever since 可知,Peter 从早饭后一直在图书馆写文章(说话时应该仍然 在写),故应用现在完成进行时表示动作从过去持续到现在,并且有可能持续下去。故答案为 C 项。 【变式探究】That woman was a little vague at the time but said something to the effect that she ________ the project within three days. A.finished B.will finish C.would finish D.will have finished 【答案】C 【解析】考查时态。句意:那位女士当时有点含糊其辞,不过大意是说她会在三天之内完成这个项目。 根据句中的“was”“said”以及“within three days”可知,此处表示从过去某一时间来看将要发生的 动作,应用过去将来时。故选 C。 【变式探究】—I’m sure Andrew will win the first prize in the final. —I think so.He________for it for months. A.is preparing B.was preparing C.had been preparing D.has been preparing 【答案】D 【解析】句意:——我确信安德鲁最终会赢得一等奖。——我也这么认为。他准备了几个月了。由 will 可知事情还未发生,表示安德鲁一直在准备着,故选 D。 高频考点五 被动语态 例 5.(2019·江苏卷)They are trying to make sure that 5G terminals ________ by 2022 for the Beijing Winter Olympics. A.will install B.will have been installed C.are installed D.have been installed 【答案】B 【解析】考查动词的时态和语态。根据后面的时间状语 by 2022 可知,空处应用将来完成时。动词 install 和 5G terminals 之间是被动关系,故空处应用将来完成时的被动语态。 【举一反三】(2018·天津卷)My washing machine ________ this week, so I have to wash my clothes by hand. A.was repaired B.is repaired C.is being repaired D.has been repaired 【答案】C 【解析】考查时态和语态。根据“因此我不得不用手洗衣服”可知洗衣机此时“正在被维修”,应该 用现在进行时的被动语态。 【变式探究】—Jack,do you have any problems if you________. —Well,I’m thinking about the salary. A.will be offered B.have offered C.are offered D.will offer 【答案】C 【解析】考查动词的时态和语态。句意:——杰克,如果你被录用的话,你还有问题吗?——我正在 考虑薪水的问题。根据 I’m thinking about the salary 可知是杰克被录取,故选 C 项。 【变式探究】When you visit our town next August,a modern sports center________,for the National Games are to be held then. A.will be constructing B.has been constructing C.will have been constructed D.is being constructed 【答案】C 【解析】考查动词的时态和语态。根据时间状语 next August,排除 B,D 两项,再根据 a modern sports center 和 construct 是被动关系,排除 A 项,用将来完成时。故选 C 项。 1.(2019·江苏卷)A few months after he had arrived in China, Mr. Smith ________ in love with the people and culture there. A.would fall B.had fallen C.has fallen D.fell 【答案】D 【解析】考查时态。句意:史密斯先生到中国几个月后,就爱上了那里的人民和文化。这里描述过去 发生的事情,应用一般过去时。 2.(2019·天津卷)Amy, as well as her brothers, ________ a warm welcome when returning to the village last week. A.is given B.are given C.was given D.were given 【答案】C 【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:上周 Amy 和她的兄弟们回到村庄时受到了热烈的欢迎。根据时 间状语“last week”可知,应用一般过去时;as well as 连接两个并列的主语时,谓语动词应与前面的主 语一致,即与“Amy”一致,故此处应用单数形式。故选 C。 3.(2019·江苏卷)The musician along with his band members ________ ten performances in the last three months. A.gives B.has given C.have given D.give 【答案】B 【解析】考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意:这位音乐家和他的乐队成员在过去的三个月里进行了 10 场表演。根据后面的时间状语 in the last three months 可知,谓语动词的时态应用现在完成时;along with 连接两个名词作主语时,谓语动词应与前面的名词在人称和数上保持一致,故选 B 项。 4.(2019·天津卷)I ________ to send Peter a gift to congratulate him on his marriage, but I couldn’t manage it. A.had hoped B.am hoping C.have hoped D.would hope 【答案】A 【解析】考查时态。句意:我本来想给彼得送个礼物来祝贺他结婚,但是没能成功。根据句意可知, 本句中“想送礼物”发生在“没成功”之前,属于“过去的过去”,应用过去完成时。故选 A。 5.(2019·江苏卷)They are trying to make sure that 5G terminals ________ by 2022 for the Beijing Winter Olympics. A.will install B.will have been installed C.are installed D.have been installed 【答案】B 【解析】考查动词的时态和语态。根据后面的时间状语 by 2022 可知,空处应用将来完成时。动词 install 和 5G terminals 之间是被动关系,故空处应用将来完成时的被动语态。 1.【2018·北京】—Hi, I’m Peter. Are you new here? I haven’t seen you around? —Hello, Peter. I’m Bob. I just _________ on Monday. A. start B. have started C. started D. had started 【答案】C 【解析】考查时态。句意:——嗨,我是彼得。你是新来的吗?我没有在附近见过你。——你好,彼 得。我是鲍勃。我周一刚刚开始住在这儿。根据两人谈话内容可知,Bob 现在在这儿,他开始(start)住在 这儿是发生在周一的事情,周一是一 个过去的时间,故该句应用一般过去时态,C 选项正确。 2.【2018·北京】Susan had quit her well-paid job and _________ as a volunteer in the neighborhood when I visited her last year. A. is working B. was working C. has worked D. had worked 【答案】B 【解析】考查时态。句意:Susan 已经辞去了高薪的工作。去年当我探望她的时候,她正在一个社区里 做志愿者。Susan 辞职发生在她当志愿者之前,had quit 是过去完成时态,过去完成时态通俗的说就是“过 去的过去”,且结合时间状语 when I visited her last year 可知,Susan 做志愿者是过去的某个时间段 发生的情况,故该空应用过去进行时态。B 选项正确。 3.【2018·北京】China’s high-speed railways _________ from 9,000 to 25,000 kilometers in the past few years. A. are growing B. have grown C. will grow D. had grown 【答案】B 【解析】考查时态。句意:在过去的几年里,中国的高速铁路已经从 9,000 公里增长到 25,000 公里。 该句时间状语为 in the past few years。中国高速铁路的增长是从过去一直到现在几年里的情况,故该句 应用现在完成时态。B 选项正确。 4.【2018·北京】A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who _________ in the mountains for two days. A. are trapping B. have been trapped C. were trapping D. had been trapped 【答案】D 【解析】考查语态和时态。句意:一个救援人员冒着生命危险挽救了两个被困在山里两天的旅游者。 “who ___ in the mountains for two days”是定语从句,修饰 two tourists,two tourists 和 trap 之 间是被动关系,该空应用被动语态。由 risked 可知,营救人员救游客是过去的事情,被困两天发生在营救 人员救了他们之前,即“过去的过去”,该空应用过去完成时态。综上,D 选项正确。 5.【2018·天津】 My washing machine ___________this week, so I have to wash my clothes by hand. A. was repaired B. is repaired C. is being repaired D. has been repaired 【答案】C 【解析】考查时态。句意:这周我的洗衣机正在修,所以我不得不手洗衣服。根据后句 so I have to wash my clothes by hand.可知,洗衣机正在修,故用现在进行时态的被动语态。故选 C。 6.【2018·天津】 I can't find my purse. I___________ it in the supermarket yesterday, but I'm not sure. A. should leave B. must have left C. might leave D. could have left 【答案】D 【解析】考查情态动词表推测和虚拟语气。句意:我不能找到我的钱包了,昨天我有可能把它落到超 市了,但我不确定。根据句中时间状语 yesterday 可知,是对过去事情的推测,故用情态动词+ have done, 再根据后句 but I’m not sure.可知,此推测为不能肯定的推测,故用情态动词 could,表示“可能”。 故选 D。 7.【2018·江苏】 Hopefully in 2025 we will no longer be e-mailing each other, for we _______ more convenient electronic communication tools by then. A. have developed B. had developed C. will have developed D. developed 【答案】C 【解析】考查时态。句意:希望在 2025 年,我们不再互相发电子邮件,因为到那时候我们将开发更方 便的电子通信工具。根据时间状语 in 2025,可知用将来时;再根据时间状语 by then 到那时,可知用完成 时。结合两者可知用将来完成时。故选 C。 8.【2018·江苏】 I was sent to the village last month to see how the development plan _______ in the past two years. A. had been carried out B. would be carried out C. is being carried out D. has been carried out 【答案】A 【解析】考查时态。句意:上个月我被派到村里去看看在过去的两年里发展计划是如何执行的。根据 句中时间状语 last month 和 in the past two years 可知用过去完成时。故选 A。 1.(2017 江苏) He hurried home, never once looking back to see if he ____________. A. was being followed B. was following C. had been followed D. followed 【答案】A 【解析】考查宾语从句和时态。根据句子成分可知,He 和 follow 是被动关系,排除 B、D。根据句意: 在匆忙赶回家的路上,他从未回头看是否被跟踪,用过去进行时最合适,答案选 A。 2.(2017·北京)—______ that company to see how they think of our product yesterday? —Yes. They are happy with it. A. Did you call B. Have you called C. Will you call D. Were you calling 【答案】A 【解析】句意:--你昨天有没有给那家公司打电话问问他们对我们的产品感觉怎么样?--打了,他们 很满意。空格所在题干有一个很明显的时间状语 yesterday,发生在过去,肯定用过去式,故选 A。 3.(2017·北京)People______better access to health care than they used to,and they’re living longer as a result. A. will have B. have C. had D. had had 【答案】B 【解析】句意:人们有着比过去更好的医疗保险,结果他们更长寿。与过去对比是现在,所以 than 前 一句话是用现在的时间,而且后一句用的就是现在时态,所以前面也用现在时态,故选 B。 1.(2016·新课标Ⅰ,62)So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the notforprofit Panda Base,where ticket money helps pay for research.I ________(allow)to get up close to these cute animals at the 600acre centre. 【答案】was allowed 【解析】句意:……在这个占地六百英亩的中心,我被允许靠近这些可爱的动物。由语境可知作者被 允许接近这些动物,故用一般过去时的被动语态。 2.(2016·新课标Ⅲ,62)Truly elegant chopsticks might ________(make)of gold and silver with Chinese characters. 【答案】be made 【解析】句意:真正考究的筷子可能是由具有中国特色的金或银制成的。make 和 chopsticks 之间是动 宾关系,应用被动语态,空格前有 might,所以用 be made。 3.(2016·四川,61)The giant panda ________(love)by people throughout the world. 【答案】is loved 【解析】句意:大熊猫被全世界人民所喜爱。主语 the giant panda 和动词 love 构成被动关系,故应 用一般现在时的被动语态。 4.(2016·四川,69)Then,after two and a half years,the mother ________(drive)the young panda away. 【答案】drove 【解析】句意:然后,两年半之后这位母亲赶走了熊猫宝宝。根据句意可知,此处应用一般过去时。 5.(2016·浙江,5)While online shopping ________(change)our life,not all of its effects have been positive. 【答案】has changed 【解析】句意:尽管网上购物已经改变了我们的生活,但是并不是所有的影响都是积极的。主语是 online shopping,结合语境以及后面的 have been 可知,这里要用现在完成时。 6.(2016·浙江,9)Silk ________(become)one of the primary goods traded along the Silk Road by about 100 BC. 【答案】had become 【解析】句意:到公元前 100 年为止,丝绸已经成为丝绸之路上交易的主要商品之一。by about 100 BC 是时间状语,这里强调到公元前 100 年为止,所以要用过去完成时。 7.(2016·北京,21)Jack ________(work)in the lab when the power cut occurred. 【答案】was working 【解析】句意:杰克正在实验室里工作的时候突然停电了。本句使用了 be doing sth.when...句式, 表示“正在做某事,突然……”,此时主句用过去进行时,分句用一般过去时。 8.(2016·北京,23)—Excuse me,which movie are you waiting for? —The new Star Wars.We ________(wait)here for more than two hours. 【答案】have been waiting 【解析】句意:——对不起,你们在等什么电影?——新版的《星球大战》。我们在这里等了两个多小 时了。根据时间状语判断,语境表示在过去很长时间里一直在做某事,并且还将继续,此时应用现在完成 进行时。 9.(2016·北京,25)I ________(read)half of the English novel,and I'll try to finish it at the weekend. 【答案】have read 【解析】句意:这本英语小说我已经读了一半,这个周末我将尽力把它读完。语境表示“已经读了一 半”,应该用现在完成时表示过去发生并且对现在有影响的动作。 10.(2016·北京,30)The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts ________(reward)with success in the end. 【答案】will be rewarded 【解析】句意:这些学生一直在努力学习功课,他们的努力最终会以成功作为回报。由语境可知,学 生的努力会得到回报是将来的动作,故用一般将来时;reward 和 their efforts 之间是被动关系,故用被 动语态。 11.(2016·天津,3)When walking down the street,I came across David,whom I ________(see)for years. 【答案】hadn't seen 【解析】句意:在街上散步时,我偶遇了大卫。我已经很多年没见过他了。“我很多年没见过他”发 生在 came across 之前,表示“过去的过去”,应用过去完成时。 1.(2015·江苏,30)The real reason why prices (be), and still are, too high is complex, and no short discussion can satisfactorily explain this problem. 【解析】句意:价格过去和现在仍然过高的原因是复杂的,没有简短的讨论可以令人满意地解释这个 问题。根据 and still are 可以推断出空白处是对过去时态的考查。 【答案】were 2.(2015·湖南,22)As you go through this book, you (find)that each of the millions of people who lived through World War Ⅱ had a different experience. 【解析】句意:在你浏览这本书时,你会发现经历二战的数百万人的经历各不相同。as 引导时间状语 从句,意思是“当……的时候”,在从句中使用的是一般现在时,所以主句使用一般将来时,即所谓“主 将从现”,主句使用一般将来时,从句使用一般现在时。 【答案】will find 3.(2015·湖南,25)I wasn't able to hide my eagerness when I (ask), “What do you wish me to do now?” 【解析】句意:在我问“现在你想让我干什么?”时,我无法掩饰自己的迫切心情。从句中的时态应 该和主句中的时态保持一致,而不是和直接引语中的时态保持一致。 【答案】asked 4.(2015·湖南,28)He must have sensed that I (look)at him.He suddenly glanced at me and said quietly, “Why are you staring at me like that?” 【解析】句意:他一定是感到了我在看他。他突然瞥了我一眼,然后平静地说:“为什么这样盯着看 我?” must have done 是对过去情况的推测,that 后面应该使用过去时,在根据后面“为什么这样盯着 看我?”所使用的时态为进行时,可知此处为过去进行时。 【答案】was looking 5.(2015· 湖 南 , 32)I had a strong desire to reach in and play with the toy, but (hold)back thankfully by the shop window. 【解析】句意:我有一种强烈的进去玩玩具的冲动,但是幸亏被橱窗拦住了。前面 had 是一般过去时, 此处是并列谓语,也应该使用一般过去时;hold back 和主语 I 之间是被动关系,所以使用被动语态。 【答案】was held 6.(2015·北京,22)—Did you enjoy the party? —Yes.We (treat)well by our hosts. 【解析】句意:——你们聚会玩得快乐吗?——是的,主人招待我们很好。根据上一句中的 did 可知 用一般过去时;且 we 和 treated 是动宾关系,用被动语态。故该空用一般过去时的被动语态。 【答案】were treated 7.(2015· 北 京 , 26)In the last few years, China (make)great achievements in environmental protection. 【解析】句意:在最近的几年里,中国在环境保护方面已经取得了巨大的成就。由“in the last few years”可知,此处应用现在完成时。 【答案】has made 8.(2015·北京,27)—Did you have difficulty finding Ann's house? —Not really.She ( give)us clear directions and we were able to find it easily. 【解析】句意:——你们找到安的家有困难吗?——真的没有,她已经给了我们清晰的说明,我们能 够很容易地找到它。由句意可知 give 这一动作发生在“我们找安的家之前”,故用过去完成时。 【答案】had given 9.(2015·北京,30)—Dr.Jackson is not in his office at the moment. —All right.I (call)him later. 【解析】句意:——Dr.Jackson 现在不在他的办公室里。——好的,过一会儿我再给他打电话。由句 中的 later 可知此处要用一般将来时。 【答案】will call 10.(2015·浙江,8)Albert Einstein was born in 1879.As a child, few people guessed that he (go)be a famous scientist whose theories would change the world. 【解析】句意:爱因斯坦出生于 1879 年。小时候,几乎没有人想到他会成为一个其理论将会改变世界 的科学家。根据语境可知,此处要用过去将来时。 【答案】was going to 11.(2015·重庆,1)—Is Peter coming? —No, he (change)his mind after a phone call at the last minute. 【解析】句意:——彼特要来吗?——不,当接到一个电话后,他最后时刻改变了主意。句中的 after a phone call at the last minute 表明动作发生在过去,故用一般过去时。 【答案】changed 12.(2015·重庆,13)In my hometown, there is always a harvest supper for the farmers after all the wheat (cut). 【解析】句意:在我的家乡,当所有的小麦被收割完后,总有举行一个丰收晚宴。表示动作在前,要 用完成时,且 the wheat 与动词 cut 之间为动宾语关系,故要用被动语态。after 引导时间状语从句,在条 件或时间状语从句中要用现在完成时代替将来完成时。 【答案】has been cut 13.(2015·陕西,22)Marty (work)really hard on his book and he thinks he'll have finished it by Friday. 【解析】句意:马蒂一直以来真的是很努力地写这本书,他认为他到星期五就能写完了。考查时态。 他的书还没有写完,现在正在努力写,用现在完成进行时表示过去到现在一直持续的动作,并且很有可能 还要持续下去。 【答案】has been working 14.(2015·陕西,24)At college,Barack Obama didn't know that he (become) the first black president of the United States of America. 【解析】句意:大学的时候,奥巴马不知道他要成为美国的第一位黑人总统。考查动词时态。注定成 为,需要用 was to become;主句是一般过去时,从句也可以用过去将来时。 【答案】was to become/would become 15.(2015·四川,4)More expressways (build) in Sichuan soon to promote the local economy. 【解析】考查时态。句意:四川将建设更多的高速公路以促进当地的经济(发展)。根据时间状语 soon 可知,此空为将来时的被动形式。 【答案】will be built 16.(2015·天津,6)Jane can't attend the meeting at 3 o'clock this afternoon because she (teach)a class at that time. 【解析】句意:琼不能参加今天下午 3 点钟的会议,因为那时她将在上课。考查将来进行时。时间状 语 at that time 指的是前面的 at 3 o'clock this afternoon,表示将来某个时刻正在做某事,要用将来 进行时。 【答案】will be teaching 17.(2015·天津,9)Despite the previous rounds of talks, no agreement (reach)so far by the two sides. 【解析】句意:尽管之前进行了几次谈判,但到目前为止双方没达成任何协议。考查现在完成时的被 动语态。根据时间状语 so far 可知此处要用现在完成时,主语 agreement 与动词 reach 之间为动宾关系, 故要用现在完成时的被动形式。 【答案】has been reached 18.(2015·安徽,24)Just as I got to the school gate, I realised I (leave)my book in the cafe. 【解析】句意:我刚一到学校门口,就意识到我把书落在餐馆了。考查动词的时态。realized 后省略 了 that,这里是一个宾语从句,从句时态与主句保持一致,“落下”的动作发生在“意识到”之前,应该 用过去完成时。 【答案】had left 19.(2015·安徽,29)It is reported that a space station (build)on the moon in years to come. 【解析】句意:据报道, 未来几年将在月球上建造空间站。 考查动词的时态和语态。根据 in years to come 可知该题应为将来时态,再者 station 和 build 之间构成被动关系,故用将来时的被动语态。 【答案】will be built 20.(2015·福建,26)To my delight, I (choose)from hundreds of applicants to attend the opening ceremony. 【解析】句意:令我高兴的是,我被从好几百人中选出参加这次开幕式。考查动词的时态语态。我被 选中,应该用被动语态。 【答案】was chosen 21.(2015·福建,30)—Where is Peter? I can't find him anywhere. —He went to the library after breakfast and (write)his essay there ever since. 【解析】句意:——彼得去哪儿了?我到处找不到他。——他早饭后去了图书馆,从那之后,一直在 那里写论文。考查时态。根据句意,可以看出早饭之后,彼得一直在持续写的动作,很有可能现在还在持 续,故用现在完成进行时。 【答案】has been writing

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