动词及动词短语
知识点一 高考常考的几组动词词义辨析
1．injure，hurt，wound，destroy
injure 一般指在意外事故中受伤
hurt 是表示“伤害”的一般用法，既可指对肉体的伤害，也可指对情感的伤害
wound 常指外伤，尤指在战争、战斗中造成的伤害
destroy 一般指彻底损坏，常译成“毁坏，损坏”
I didn't want to hurt his feelings.
我不想伤害他的感情。
He was wounded in the battle.
他在战斗中负过伤。
2．beat，hit，strike，defeat，win
beat 表示“(尤指用棍或其他硬物)接连地打，击”，还可表示“打败，胜过”
hit 表示对准目标打一下，强调击中
strike 表示突然性或一次性的击打
defeat (＝beat)是指“击败，战胜”，宾语通常是人或集体
win
是“(在……中)获胜”或“赢”的意思，宾语通常为 war，match，game，prize，medal，
respect，battle 等名词
Our team beat the American team by eight.
我们队以超过美国队八分的成绩战胜了。
She hit him out of anger.
她生气地打了他一下。
The tower was struck by lightning.
该塔被闪电击中了。
He defeated all the other participants and won the prize.
他击败了其他参赛者，获了奖。
3．adopt，attach，adapt，adjust
adopt vt. 采取，采纳；收养，领养
attach
vt. 把……附(在……上)；重视
attach much importance to... 非常重视……
adapt vt. 适应；adapt oneself to 适应于
adjust vt. 适应，调整；adjust oneself to 适应于
This kind of desk can be adjusted to the height you need; besides, it is not expensive at
all.
这个桌子可以根据你需要的高度而调整，而且一点也不贵。
Recently, to maintain national balance, the Chinese government has adopted a policy of
encouraging college graduates to take positions in rural areas.
为了保持平衡，中国政府最近通过了一项鼓励大学毕业生去农村就业的政策。
Parents attach much importance to education. They will do their best to give their children
that priceless gift.
父母亲都非常重视教育。他们会尽自己最大的努力给予孩子们无价的馈赠。
知识点二 高考常考的动词短语辨析
1．break
break away from... 脱离……，奋力挣脱……
break down 出故障，累垮，分解
break in 打断，插话，强行进入
break into... 闯入……，破门而入
break out (战争、火灾等)突然发生，爆发
break through 突围，冲破，突破
break up 分解，分裂，拆散，碎开
If you go on working like that, you will break down sooner or later.
如果你继续像那样工作，迟早你会累垮的。
2．bring
bring about 引起，导致，使发生
bring in 引进(技术)，赚钱，带来(收入)
bring up 抚养，培养，哺育
bring down/up (the price) 使……降低，减少，降价/提价
[比较：(prices) go down/up (价格)下降/上涨]
bring out 拿出，出版，生产，揭露，阐明，使表现出
The government has taken measures to bring down the high prices of daily goods to keep the
market stable.
政府已经采取措施降低日用品价格以保持市场稳定。
3．call
call at (someplace) 访问(某地)，拜访(某地)
[比较：call on(sb.) 拜访(某人)，访问(某人)]
call back 回电话
call in 请来，召集
call off 取消
call on/upon 号召
call up 给……打电话，使人想起
call for 提倡，号召，要求，需要，去接某人
The scene of the children playing happily in the park called up memories of her childhood.
孩子们在公园高兴玩耍的场景勾起了她对童年的回忆。
4．come
come about 发生，产生
come across 偶然相遇
come on 过来，跟我来，加油，来吧，赶快
come out 露出，出来，出现，出版，发(芽)，(花)开
come up 被提出，上来，走近，上升，长出来
come up with... 提出，想出(主意)，找出(答案)，赶上
come into being 形成
come into use 投入使用
If you come across faults but you still want the bicycle, ask the shop assistant to reduce
the price.
如果你发现你想要买的这辆自行车有瑕疵，但是你仍想买这辆，就让服务员降价。
5．get
get away from 逃脱，逃离
get away with 做了坏事而未受惩罚
get down to (doing) sth. 开始(做)某事
get in 进入，收割，达到
get over 克服，恢复
get across 理解，(使)渡过
get through 接通(电话)，完成(工作)，通过(考试)
After that，he knew he could get through any emergency by doing what he could to the best
of his ability.
在此之后，他知道只要尽全力就能成功应对一切紧急事件。
6．give
give away 赠送，给予，背弃，泄露，分发
give in 投降，让步，屈服
give back 归还，送回
give off 释放，放出(烟、光、热等)
give out 用完，耗尽，分发，发放
give up 放弃，辞去
He said he wasn't disappointed at the result of the final exam, but the look on his face gave
himself away.
他说他对期末考试的结果不失望，但是他脸上的表情出卖了他。
7．go
go against 违反，违背
go over 复习，重温，仔细检查，审阅
go by 走过，经过，(时间)消逝，过去
go out 熄灭，出去，外出
go without 没有……也行，没有……也能勉强应付
go through 通过，经受，浏览，仔细检查
I always start the day by going through my email.
我每天第一件事就是要看电子邮件。
8．hold
hold back 隐瞒；控制(情感)
hold out 维持；抵抗；硬撑
hold up 使……耽搁
hold on 坚持；别挂(电话)
hold together 团结一致
hold on to 保留，抓住不放
I'd hold on to that house for the time being; house prices are rising sharply at the moment.
我目前要守住这套房子，这段时间房价涨得很快。
9．look
look back on... 回顾……，回忆……
look on 旁观，观望
look into... 往……里面看，浏览，调查
look out 留神，当心，注意，警惕，提防
look through 看透，仔细查看，浏览，翻阅，温习
look up 仰视，往上看，(在字典或参考书中)查阅，查询
The authorities will look into the case further before they can come to a conclusion about
it.
官方要对此案做进一步调查才能得出结论。
10．make
make the best of 充分利用
make up for 补偿，弥补
make out 辨认出
make fun of 取笑
make up one's mind 下定决心
make sense 有道理(意义)，讲得通
make good/full use of 充分利用
make up 编造；组成；构成；补齐，凑足
The boy is working harder than ever，hoping to make up the time he has wasted playing online
games.
为了把浪费在网络游戏上的时间弥补回来，男孩比之前学习更努力。
11．put
put away 将某物收拾起来，存钱，储存
put down 扑灭，镇压，记下
put forward 提出，建议
put off 延期，拖延
put on (戏)上演，穿上，戴上
put out 扑灭，熄灭，出版，生产
put up 挂起，张贴，搭起，建立
put up with 忍受，容忍
Why do we have to put up with Susan's selfish behavior? We have to teach her to care for others.
为什么我们要忍受苏珊的自私行为？我们得教她关心别人。
He decided that he would drive all the way home instead of putting up at a hotel for the night。
他决定当晚直接开车回家，而不住旅馆。
12．set
set about doing sth.＝set out to do sth. 着手/开始做某事
set aside 留出，搁/放在一边
set off 出发，启程，引起爆炸，激起，引起
set out (for...) 动身去(……)
set up 创立，设立，开办，竖起，支起
The couple set aside some money every month for their future use even though their income
can only make ends meet.
这对夫妻每个月都存一些钱以备将来使用，尽管他们的收入只能使他们勉强维持生计。
13．take
take in 吸收，接纳，欺骗
take on 呈现，雇用
take over 继承，接管，接替
take up 从事，开始，专注于，占去(时间、空间、地位等)
take off (飞机)起飞，脱掉(衣帽/鞋)，成名，成功，事业转机，生意起色
Some insects take on the colour of their surroundings to protect themselves.
有些昆虫为了自我保护会随着周围环境改变自身颜色。
14．turn
turn down 拒绝；调低
turn in 上交
turn out 结果是，证明是
turn over 移交，交给
turn up 出现；调高
turn off 关掉
turn on 打开
turn away 走开
turn to 求助于；翻到
—You look upset. What's the matter?
—I had my proposal turned down again.
——你看上去很伤心，怎么了？
——我的建议再次被拒绝了。
知识点三 动词的熟词生义
很多动词都有些平时考试中很少考到的用法，出题人往往在此处设陷阱。
1．address vt. 向……发表演说；直接向……说话(熟义：n.地址 v. 写地址)
It is said that our headmaster will address the meeting.
据说我们的校长将在会议上发表演说。
2．act vi. 起作用(熟义：行动)
It takes a couple of minutes for the drug to act.
药物需要几分钟起作用。
3．drive v. 迫使某人(做不好的事)(熟义；驾驶)
Hunger drove her to steal.
饥饿迫使她偷窃。
4．escape v. 被忘掉；被忽视(熟义：v. 逃跑；逃脱)
His name escapes me for the moment.
此刻我忘记了他的名字。
5．fail v. 不足，缺乏；忽略；衰退(熟义：失败，不及格)
Our water supply failed.
我们供水不足了。
He never fails to write to his mother every month.
他从来不忘记每月写信给他的母亲。
6．introduce v. 以……开始(熟义：介绍，引进)
He introduced his speech with a joke.
他的演讲以一个笑话开始。
7．knock vt. 批评，说……不好(熟义：敲，打)
The critics knocked his latest play.
评论家抨击了他最近的戏剧。
8．labour vi. 费力地行走，干苦活(熟义：劳动)
They laboured through the thick forest and up the steep hill.
他们艰难地穿行于茂密的森林，攀登于峻峭的山岭。
9．admit vt. 允许进入，容纳(熟义：承认)
The servant opened the door and admitted me into the house.
仆人打开门，并请我进去。
The theatre only admits 1,000 persons.
这个剧场只能容纳一千人。
10．back vt. 支持(熟义：n.背，后面)
Many of his friends backed his plan.
他的许多朋友支持他的计划。
11．count vi. 重要；vt. 认为 [熟义：数(数目)]
Every minute counts.
每分每秒都重要。
On the whole she counted herself a fortunate wife.
总的说来，她自认为还是一个幸运的妻子。
12．cover v. 走完(一段路)，够付(费用)，看完(多少页书)；涉及；报道(熟义：覆盖)
Here is ￡5; that should cover all your expenses.
这儿有 5 英镑，应该够你的费用。
13．develop vt. 染上，冲洗，开发(熟义：发展)
The year she was born her father developed a rare disease called lupus.
她出生的这一年，她的父亲得了一种称为狼疮的罕见疾病。
14．employ vt. 使用，采取(熟义：雇佣)
The country employed a new policy.
这个国家采取了一种新的政策。
15．freeze v. 不许动，停止走动(熟义：冻结，冻冰)
Freeze! Drop your arms!
不许动，放下武器！
16．figure v. 认为，想像(熟义：n.数字；雕塑，人物)
She figured that she would be next.
她认为她可能就是下一个。
17．fine v. & n. 罚款(熟义：adj. 好的，晴朗的)
He was fined $200.
他被罚了 200 美元。
18．head v. 动身去(熟义：头)
The ship was heading for Shanghai.
这艘船开往上海。
19．jump n. & vi. (大幅度)上涨(熟义：跳)
Last week the price of goods jumped.
上周物价急剧上涨。
20．lay vt. 向……提出；制定(熟义：放，摆设，生蛋)
The prisoner laid an escape plan.
那个囚犯制定了一个越狱计划。
高频考点一 动词词义辨析
例 1．(2019·江苏卷)A city is the product of the human hand and mind, ________ man’s
intelligence and creativity.
A．resembling B．reflecting
C．reviewing D．restoring
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词辨析。句意：城市是人的手和思想的产物，它反映了人类的智慧和创造力。
resemble“看起来像”；reflect“反映”；review“检查”；restore“恢复”。
【举一反三】【2018·江苏】22.
Kids shouldn’t have access to violent films because they might _______
the things they see.
A. indicate B. investigate
C. imitate D. innovate
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词词义辨析及语境理解。句意：孩子不应该接触暴力电影，因为他们也许会模仿他们
所见的事情。A. indicate 指示；B. investigate 调查；C. imitate 模仿；D. innovate 改革。故选 C。
【变式探究】When the time came to make the final decision for a course , I decided to apply
for the one that ______my interest.
A. limited B. reserved C. reflected D. spoiled
【答案】C
【解析】句意：当最后决定课程的时候到了，我决定申请能反映我兴趣的课程。A.限制；B.保留；C.
反映，反射；D.宠坏。故选 C。
【变式探究】While intelligent people can often ______ the complex, a fool is more likely to
complicate the simple.
A．sacrifice B．substitute
C．simplify D．survive
【答案】C
【解析】句意：聪明的人常常能把复杂的事情简单化，而愚蠢的人更可能把简单的问题复杂化。根据
句意可知，这里用 simplify 与后面的 the simple 对应，the complex 与后面的 complicate 呼应。
sacrifice“牺牲”；substitute“代替”；survive“幸存”。
【举一反三】A good listener takes part in the conversation, ________ ideas and raising
questions to keep the talk flowing.
A．realizing B．copying
C．offering D．misunderstanding
【答案】C
【解析】句意：善于倾听的人在谈话的时候，往往会提出想法和问题，从而使得谈话能流畅地进行下
去。offer“提供，主动提出”，符合句意。realize“意识到”；copy“复制”；misunderstand“误解”。
高频考点二 动词短语辨析
例 2．(2019·江苏卷)More wind power stations will ________ to meet the demand for clean energy.
A．take up B．clear up
C．hold up D．spring up
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：为了满足清洁能源的要求，更多的风力发电站将涌现出来。take
up“占据，从事”；clear up“清理”；hold up“举起，阻碍”；spring up“迅速出现，突然兴起”。
【举一反三】【2018·天津】At first Robert wouldn't let his daughter go diving, but eventually
he___________ as she was so confidence about her skills.
A. gave in B. dressed up
C. broke in D. turned up
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词短语词义辨析及语境理解。句意：起初，罗伯特不愿让他女儿去潜水，但最终他让
步了，因为她对她的技能是如此的有把握。A. gave in 屈服，让步；B. dressed up 打扮；C. broke in 闯
入；打断；D. turned up 出现。根据转折词 but 及原因 as she was so confident about her skills.可
知，最终他让步了。故选 A。
【变式探究】（2017•天津）Mr. and Mrs. Brown would like to see their daughter _____, get married,
and have kids.
A. settled down B. keep off C. get up D. cut in
【答案】A
【解析】句意：布朗先生和夫人想要看到他们的女儿安顿下来，结婚生子。A.安顿下来；B.远离；C 起
床；D.擦嘴。根据句意，故选 A。
【 变 式 探 究 】 Many businesses started up by college students have________thanks to the
comfortable climatefor business creation
A.fallen off B. taken off C. turned off D. left off
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。短语 fall off 跌落，下降；take off 起飞，成功，受欢迎；turn off
关闭；leave off 停止，中断；句意：由于良好的创业环境，很多大学生创办的生意都很成功。根据句意可
知 B 正确。
【变式探究】Mother always complains that children ________ their shoes very quickly.
A．find out B．wash out
C．wear out D．set out
【答案】C
【解析】句意：母亲总是抱怨孩子们的鞋很快就穿破了。wear out“用坏，(使)磨损”，符合语境。
find out“查明”；wash out“把……洗掉”；set out“启程，动身”。
【举一反三】Butterflies ________ a sweet liquid produced by flowers, which bees and other
insects collect.
A．carry on B．feed on
C．put on D．focus on
【答案】B
【解析】句意：蝴蝶以花产生的一种甜甜的液体为食，蜜蜂和别的昆虫则采集这种液体。carry on“继
续”；feed on“以……为食物”；put on“上演，穿上”；focus on“集中(注意力、精力等于……上)”。
根据句意可知应选 B。
高频考点三 动词(短语)的熟词生义
例 3.The two countries are going to meet to ________ some barriers to trade between them.
A．make up B．use up
C．turn down D．break down
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：这两个国家将要会面以扫除两国之间的贸易障碍。make up“组成，
构成，编造，虚构，和解”；use up“用完，用光”；turn down“拒绝，调低”；break down 常见熟义：
分解，出故障；生义：扫除(障碍)，清除(困难)，失败。根据句中的关键词 meet(会面)以及 barriers(障
碍)可知是扫除障碍。
【举一反三】Shakespeare’s writing is still popular today.It has really ________ the test
of time.
A．failed B．stood
C．taken D．conducted
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词辨析。句意：莎士比亚的作品当今依旧很受欢迎，它的确经受住了时间的检验。根
据前一句“Shakespeare’s writing is still popular today.”可推知，后一句意为“莎士比亚的作品
经受住了(stood)时间的检验”。Stand 常见熟义：站立，位于；生义：经受住，容忍，忍受。Stand the test
of time 经受住了时间的检验，故选 B 项。
【变式探究】The athlete‘s years of hard training ________when she finally won the Olympic
gold medal in the 2016 Olympics in Rio De Janeiro.
A．went on B．got through
C．paid off D．ended up
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：当这个运动员最终在 2016 年里约热内卢奥运会上获得奥运会金牌
时，她多年的刻苦训练总算得到了回报。Pay off 熟义为“还清”，生义为“取得成功，奏效”，符合句意；
go on“继续下去”；get through“完成，处理”；end up“最终处于……”。
【举一反三】We all agreed that the cottage would ________a perfect holiday home for the family.
A．make B．turn
C．take D．have
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词辨析。句意：我们都认为这幢小别墅非常适合全家度假时居住。make 在此为熟词生
义，表示“适合做，宜用作”，符合题意。
1．(2019·江苏卷)A city is the product of the human hand and mind, ________ man’s intelligence
and creativity.
A．resembling ___________________________ B．reflecting
C．reviewing ____________________________ D．restoring
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词辨析。句意：城市是人的手和思想的产物，它反映了人类的智慧和创造力。
resemble“看起来像”；reflect“反映”；review“检查”；restore“恢复”。
2．(2019·江苏卷)More wind power stations will ________ to meet the demand for clean energy.
A．take up ______________________________ B．clear up
C．hold up ______________________________ D．spring up
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：为了满足清洁能源的要求，更多的风力发电站将涌现出来。take
up“占据，从事”；clear up“清理”；hold up“举起，阻碍”；spring up“迅速出现，突然兴起”。
3．(2019·天津卷)Kate heard a man’s voice in the background, but she couldn’t ________ what
he was saying.
A．set aside ____________________________ B．take back
C．make out _____________________________ D．keep off
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：凯特听到背景中有一个男人的声音，但是听不清他在说什么。A 项
意为“暂不考虑”；B 项意为“收回”；C 项意为“听清”；D 项意为“使避开”。结合语境可知，应选 C。
1．(2018·江苏卷)Developing the Yangtze River Economic Belt is a systematic project which
________ a clear road map and timetable.
A．calls for ____________________________ B．calls on
C．calls off ____________________________ D．calls up
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词短语。句意：开发长江经济带是一个系统的工程，它需要一个清晰的陆路交通图和
时间表。call for“需要”符合句意。call on“号召，拜访”；call off“取消”；call up“使回忆起”。
2．(2018·江苏卷)Kids shouldn’t have access to violent films because they might ________
the things they see.
A．indicate _____________________________ B．investigate
C．imitate ______________________________ D．innovate
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词。句意：孩子们不应该看暴力影片，因为他们可能会模仿他们看到的内容。imitate“模
仿”符合句意。indicate“暗示”；investigate“调查”；innovate“创新”。
3.(2018·天津卷)It took him a long time to ________ the skills he needed to become a good
dancer.
A．display _____________________________ B．acquire
C．teach _______________________________ D．test
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词辨析。句意：他花了好长时间学习成为一个优秀舞蹈演员所需要的技能。根据句意，
这里应该用 acquire 表示“获得，学到”。
4．(2018·天津卷)At first Robert wouldn’t let his daughter go diving, but eventually he
________ as she was so confident about her skills.
A．gave in ______________________________ B．dressed up
C．broke in _____________________________ D．turned up
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词短语。句意：起初罗伯特不愿意让女儿去潜水，但是最终他妥协了，因为她对自己
的技术很自信。从语境的连贯和四个动词短语的含义判断，本空选 A“屈服，让步”。
1.（2017•天津）Mr. and Mrs. Brown would like to see their daughter _____, get married, and
have kids.
A. settled down B. keep off C. get up D. cut in
【答案】A
【解析】句意：布朗先生和夫人想要看到他们的女儿安顿下来，结婚生子。A.安顿下来；B.远离；C 起
床；D.擦嘴。根据句意，故选 A。
1.【2016·江苏】Parents should actively urge their children to______the opportunity to join
sports teams.
A. gain admission to B. keep track of C. take advantage ofD. give rise to
【答案】C
【解析】考查短语辨析。动词短语 gain admission to 获准进入；keep track of 记录；take advantage
of 利用；give rise to 引起；句意：父母亲应该积极鼓励孩子抓住机会参加体育活动。根据句意可知 C 项
正确。
2.【2016·天津】 I’m going to _____ advantage of this tour to explore the history of the
castle.
A. put B. make C. take D. give
【答案】C
【解析】句意：我要利用这次旅行来探索这个城堡的历史。使用短语 take advantage o f，意为“利用”，
其他选项不能和 advantage of 搭配。故选 C。
3.【2016·浙江】8. We can achieve a lot when we learn to let our differences unite , rather
than _______ us.
A. divide B. reject C. control D. abandon
【答案】A
【解析】句意：当我们学会让我们的差异联合起来而不是将我们分离的时候，我们就获得很多。A.将……
分开；B.拒绝，拒收；C.控制；D.放弃。根据语境，故选 A。
1.(2015·浙江，7)Body language can give a lot about your mood，so standing with your
arms folded can send out a signal that you are being defensive.
【解析】句意：身势语能够清楚地泄露出你的情绪，因此双臂交叉站着则表示你具有防御性。考查动
词短语。give away 泄露，符合语境。
【答案】away
2.(2015·江苏，27)The university started some new language programs to cater the
country's Silk Road Economic Belt.
【解析】句意：大学开始开设一些新的语言项目，以迎合中国的丝绸之路经济带。考查动词短语。cater
for 迎合，满足所需。
【答案】for
3.(2015·江苏，29)The whole team count Cristiano Ronaldo, and he seldom lets them
down.
【解析】句意：整个团队依靠 Cristians Donald，他很少让他们失望。考查动词短语。count on 依靠，
指望。
【答案】on
4.(2015·湖北，25)There is no doubt that this candidate's advantage lies his ability
to communicate with foreigners in English.
【解析】句意：毫无疑问，这位候选人的优势在于他能用英语与外国人沟通的能力。考查动词短语。
lie in 在于……。
【答案】in
5.(2015·湖北，26)Don't worry.I'm sure your missing glasses will turn sooner or
later.
【解析】句意：别担心。我相信你丢失的眼镜迟早会找到的。考查动词短语。turn up 出现；发生；开
大；发现。
【答案】up
6.(2015·陕西，25)Peter will take his post as the head of the travel agency at the
end of next month.
【解析】句意：彼得将会于下个月底就任他旅游公司负责人的职位。考查动词短语搭配。take up 开始
从事。
【答案】up
7.(2015·天津，10)Tom had to turn the invitation to the party last weekend because
he was too busy.
【解析】句意：因为太忙了，上周末汤姆不得不拒绝聚会的邀请。考查动词短语。turn down 拒绝，符
合语境。
【答案】down
8.(2015·福建，25)It is said that body language account 55 per cent of a first
impression while what you say just 7 per cent.
【解析】句意：据说，肢体语言占第一印象的 55%，而语言只占 7%。考查动词短语。 account for 占……
比例。
【答案】for
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