非谓语动词
知识点一、非谓语动词作状语
1.非谓语动词作目的状语,要想到用不定式;
To succeed, we must make good preparation.
要取得成功必须做好准备。
2.非谓语动词作伴随状语,要想到用现在分词;
The students rushed out of the classroom, laughing and talking.
学生们又说又笑地冲出教室。
3.非谓语动词作结果状语,表示出乎意料的结果要想到用不定式,表示必然的结果要想到用现在分词;
He hurried to the station only to find that the train had left.
他匆匆赶到车站结果却发现火车已经离开了。(表出乎意料的结果)
(陕西卷)More highways have been built in China, making it much easier for people to travel
from one place to another.
中国又建了更多高速公路,这使人们从一处到另一处的出行变得更容易了。(表结果)
4.非谓语动词作原因状语,表示“喜怒哀乐”的形容词要想到用不定式;非谓语动词作时间状语、条
件状语和原因状语等要想到用分词。
I am only too glad to see everything settled.
看到一切问题都解决了,我很高兴。
Being tired, he went to bed early.
因为很累,他很早就睡了。
Seeing the police, the thieves ran away.
看到警察,小偷就跑了。
源于系表结构的部分过去分词作状语,表示句子主语所处的一种状态,常见的有 seated(坐着的),
devoted(专注的),lost/absorbed in(沉溺于),dressed in(穿着)等。
【特别提醒】Absorbed in his book, he didn’t notice me enter the room.
他专注读书,没注意到我进入房间。
知识点二 非谓语动词作定语
非谓语动词类别 用法
动词不定式 表示将要发生的动作
动名词 表示用途
分词
现在分词 表示动作主动进行或者正在进行中
过去分词 表示动作被动完成或者单纯表示已经完成
We are preparing for the midterm examination to be held next week.
我们正在为下周将要举行的期中考试做准备。
The lecture, starting(=which was starting)at 7:00 p.m. last night, was followed by an
observation of the moon with telescopes.
讲座于昨晚七点开始,随后是用望远镜观察月球。
Tsinghua University, founded in 1911, is home to a great number of outstanding figures.
清华大学建立于 1911 年,是许多杰出人物的摇篮。
【特别提醒】不定式作定语时,若句子主语是不定式动作的执行者,则用主动形式表被动含义;若句
子主语不是不定式动作的执行者,则用被动形式表被动含义。
She has a sister to look after.
她有一个妹妹需要照顾。(she 是 look after 的执行者)
I want to go to Beijing.Do you have anything to be bought?
我要去北京,你有什么东西需要买吗?(you 不是 buy 的执行者)
知识点三 非谓语动词作宾语
1.只接不定式作宾语的动词:agree,intend,plan,demand,promise,help,prepare,decide,
refuse,choose,wish,hope,want,expect,fail,pretend,manage,determine,beg,arrange,threaten,
claim,hesitate,happen 等。
2.只接 v.ing 形式作宾语的动词:admit,avoid,consider,escape,imagine,mind,miss,practise,
suggest,feel like,give up,put off,object to,look forward to 等。
3.接不定式与接 v.ing 形式有显著区别的动词:(1)try to do 尽力做……;try doing 试着去做……;
(2) mean to do 打算做……;mean doing 意味着……;(3) regret to do 遗憾要去做……;regret doing
后悔做过……;(4)remember to do 记得去做……;remember doing 记得做过……;(5) forget to do 忘
记去做……;forget doing 忘记做了……。
4.动词 want,need,require 作“需要”讲时,其后要用 v.ing 形式的主动形式或不定式的被动语
态作宾语。与此用法相同的动词还有 deserve(值得)。
5.介词后一般要接 v.ing 形式作宾语,但介词 but/except 后接不定式作宾语,若前有实义动词 do,
不定式要省略 to。
He got wellprepared for the job interview,for he couldn’t risk losing the good opportunity.
他为这次工作面试做好了充分准备,因为他不能冒失去这次好机会的风险。
We agreed to meet here but so far she hasn’t turned up yet.
我们约好在此地见面,但是她到现在还没有露面。
What a poor memory!I forgot borrowing money from him yesterday.But today I forgot to return
the money to him.
多么差的记忆力!昨天我忘了向他借过钱,但今天我又忘了把钱还给他。
【特别提醒】
不定式作动词(短语)learn,decide,know,wonder,show,tell,understand,explain,teach,advise,
find out 等的宾语时,前面常带引导词 how,what,whether,where,when,who 等。
知识点四 非谓语动词作宾补
1.现在分词作宾补
现在分词作宾补时,句中的宾语往往就是其逻辑主语,该动词与宾语之间存在主谓关系,并且现在分
词作宾补强调正在进行的主动动作。可接现在分词作宾补的常见动词:感官动词(see,watch,observe,
look,notice,hear,listen,feel),使役动词(have,get),find,leave,keep,catch 等。
I looked up and noticed a snake winding its way up the tree to catch its breakfast.
我抬头注意到一条蛇蜿蜒着爬上树去捕捉它的早餐。
He had the light burning all night,which made his parents very angry.
他让灯亮了整晚,这使他父母很生气。
It’s wrong to leave the computer working.
让电脑一直开着是不对的。
I am sorry to have kept you waiting for so long.
对不起让你久等了。
I found a number of people already working there.
我发现很多人已经在那儿工作了。
2.过去分词作宾补
过去分词作宾补时,句中的宾语往往就是其逻辑主语,该动词与宾语之间存在动宾关系。可接过去分
词作宾补的常见动词:感官动词(see,watch,observe,look,notice,hear,listen,feel),使役动词
(have,make,let,get),find,leave,keep 等。
When we saw the road blocked with snow,we decided to spend the holiday at home.
当我们看到道路被雪封住后,我们决定在家过假期。
You should keep me informed of his whereabouts.
你应该让我了解他的行踪。
The old found his hometown much changed.
这位老人发现他的家乡变化很大。
He left much work unfinished because he was ill.
因为生病,他留下许多工作未做。
3.不定式作宾补
(1)常带 to 的不定式作宾补的动词(短语):advise,allow,ask,cause,command,encourage,expect,
forbid,force,get,invite,leave,order,permit,persuade,prefer,request,warn,wish,call
on,depend upon 等。
(2)常接不带 to 的不定式作宾补的动词(短语):help,使役动词(make,have,let),感官动词。如果
这些动词或短语用于被动语态,则 to 不可省略。动词 help 后的不定式符号 to 可以省略,也可以保留。
We hurriedly ended the meeting,leaving many problems to be settled.
我们匆忙结束了会议,留下很多问题要解决。
4.with+宾语+宾补
(1)with+宾语+doing(表示主动且进行)
(2)with+宾语+done(表示被动且完成)
(3)with+宾语+to do(表示将来)
The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog following them.
这老两口常常在晚饭后到公园里散步,他们的宠物狗则在后面跟着。
John received an invitation to dinner,and with his work finished,he gladly accepted it.
约翰收到一份宴请函而且他的工作也干完了,他就欣然接受了邀请。
With a lot of difficult problems to settle,the newly elected president is having a hard time.
因为有很多难题要解决,这位新任总统的日子不好过。
【特别提醒】
(1)使役动词(make,have,let 等)及感官动词(see,watch,observe,hear,notice 等)后作宾补的
不定式不带 to。但用于被动语态(let 除外)时,作主补的不定式一定要加上 to。
(2)下列结构中用不定式作主补:
sb.be said/believed/known/reported/considered/thought+to do/to have done/to be done/to be
doing/to have been done sth.
The director had her assistant pick up some hot dogs for the meeting.
经理让她的助手为会议买一些热狗。
He is thought to have invented the first telephone in the world.
人们认为他发明了世界上第一部电话。
知识点五 非谓语动词作主语和表语
1.非谓语动词作主语
不定式作主语表示某一具体的、尤其是未发生的动作;v.ing 形式作主语表示抽象的、泛指的动作,
尤其是一般行为倾向。两者可位于句首,也可用 it 作形式主语,而把不定式或 v.ing 形式后置。下列句
型常用 v.ing 形式作主语:It is/was no use/no good/of little use (good) doing sth.。
Hearing how others react to the book you have just read creates an added pleasure.
聆听别人对你刚才所读的书的反应会增加额外的乐趣。
It is no good learning without practice.
只学习不实践没有好处。
It’s not easy to learn English well.Reading as much as possible is necessary.
学好英语不容易,广泛阅读是有必要的。
2.非谓语动词作表语
v.ing 形式作表语时,说明主语的性质或特征;不定式作表语时,说明主语尚未发生的动作,或表示
将来的动作。
What she likes is watching children play.
她喜欢的事情就是看孩子们玩耍。
His ambition is to go Harvard University.
他的梦想就是上哈佛大学。
知识点六 非谓语动词的时态和语态
非谓语动词 形式 意义
不定式
一般时
完成时主动:to do 不定式动作与谓语动作同时发
生或发生在谓语动作之后被动:to be done
进行时 to be doing
谓语动作发生时,不定式表示
的动作正在进行
完成时
主动:to have done
不定式动作发生在谓语动作之前
被动:to have been done
非谓语动词 形式 意义
动 词 ing 形
式
一般时
主动:doing 分词动作与谓语动作(几
乎)同时发生或发生在谓语动作
之后
被动:being done
完成时
主动:having done
表示分词动作先于谓语动
作发生
被 动 : having been
done
过去分词 done 表示被动与完成
提醒
having been done 与 done 作状语时没有明显区别,可互换,但 having
been done 不能作定语。不及物动词的过去分词,只表示完成,不表示被动
There is no greater pleasure than lying on my back in the middle of the grassland,staring
at the night sky.
没有什么能比躺在草地中央凝视着夜空让人感到更高兴的事儿了。
I got to the office earlier that day,having caught the 7:30 train from Paddington.
那天我比平时到办公室的时间要早,因为我赶上了 7:30 从 Paddington 来的火车。
Having been asked to work overtime that evening,I missed a wonderful film.
我那天晚上因为被要求加班而错过了一场精彩的电影。
His first book to be published is based on a true story.
即将出版的他的第一本书是基于一个真实的故事写的。
【方法技巧】
非谓语动词解题四步骤
第一步:利用“有无连词”原则确定谓语还是非谓语。
分析句子结构,判断出句子的主干——主语和谓语。如果题线处作谓语,则要用谓语动词,如果题线
处不作谓语,则要用非谓语动词。
第二步:根据句意和作用确定句子成分。
根据句意和题线处在句中的位置和作用,确定其所充当的句子成分,从而确定空格处所需填入的非谓
语动词的形式。
第三步:根据与逻辑主语的关系确定语态。
如果非谓语动词表示的动作与其逻辑主语之间为主谓关系则用 v.ing 形式或不定式的主动式;若为动
宾关系则用 v.ing 形式的被动式、不定式的被动式或过去分词。
第四步:根据与谓语动词的先后关系确定时态。
非谓语动词表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前用过去分词或 v.ing 形式的完成时或不定式的
完成时;若同时进行用 v.ing 形式或不定式的进行时;若非谓语动词表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动
作之后用不定式的一般时。
高频考点一、非谓语动词作状语
例 1、(2019·江苏卷)________ the convenience of digital payment, many senior citizens started
to use smart phones.
A.To enjoy B.Enjoying
C.To have enjoyed D.Enjoy
【答案】A
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:为了享受电子支付的便利,许多老年人开始使用智能手机。分析句
子结构可知,这里表示目的,故用动词不定式作目的状语。
【举一反三】(2018·江苏卷)Around 13,500 new jobs were created during the period, ________
the expected number of 12,000 held by market analysts.
A.having exceeded B.to exceed
C.exceeded D.exceeding
【答案】D
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:这段时间大约 13 500 个新的工作岗位被创造了出来,超过了市场分
析人士预计的 12 000 个。exceed 与主语是逻辑上的主谓关系,故选择 exceeding。
【变式探究】(2018·北京卷)During the Mid-Autumn Festival, family members often gather
together ________ a meal, admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes.
A.share B.to share
C.having shared D.shared
【答案】B
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:在中秋节期间,家庭成员常常欢聚一堂,享受大餐、赏月并品尝月
饼。根据句意以及句子结构可知,此处用不定式作目的状语。
【变式探究】Due to the newlydiscovered flu, a general anxiousness developed and spread,
________ a sharp decrease of dining out.
A.caused B.having caused
C.to cause D.causing
【答案】D
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:因为这种最新发现的流感,一种普遍的焦虑情绪滋生出来并且不断
蔓延,这导致外出吃饭的人数急剧减少。分析句子结构可知,cause 与其逻辑主语是主动关系,应用 v.ing
形式作结果状语,所以选 D。
高频考点二 非谓语动词作定语
例 2.(2019·天津卷)Most colleges now offer firstyear students a course specially ________
to help them succeed academically and personally.
A.designed B.designing
C.to design D.being designed
【答案】A
【解析】考查过去分词。句意:大多数大学现在给大一学生提供一门专门设计的来帮助他们在学术和
个人事务上成功的课程。此处 course 与 design 之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系,故用过去分词作后置定语。
故选 A。
【举一反三】(2017·江苏卷)Many Chinese brands,________their reputations over centuries, are
facing new challenges from the modern market.
A.having developed B.being developed
C.developed D.developing
【答案】A
【解析】考查非谓语动词。本句的主语 Many Chinese brands 与 develop 存在主动关系,因此用现在
分词,又根据句中的时间状语 over centuries 可知,此处应该使用现在分词的完成式。故答案为 A。
【变式探究】In art criticism, you must assume the artist has a secret message ________ within
the work.
A.to hide B.hidden
C.hiding D.being hidden
【答案】B
【解析】考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,message 与 hide 是逻辑上的被动关系,因此应该使用
过去分词作后置定语。
【变式探究】Shanghai has become the first city in China ________ road test plates for autonomous
driving trucks, issuing a plate to technology companies TuSimple and Momenta each, according to
Jiefang Daily.
A.having issued B.to issue
C.issuing D.issued
【答案】B
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:据《解放日报》报道,上海已成为中国第一个颁发自动驾驶卡车道
路测试牌照的城市,给技术公司 TuSimple 和 Momenta 各颁发了一张牌照。根据句中的“the first”可知
此处应用动词不定式作后置定语。故选 B。
高频考点三、非谓语动词作宾语
例 3、(2018·天津卷)I didn’t mean ________ anything but the ice cream looked so good that
I couldn’t help ________ it.
A.to eat;to try B.eating;trying
C.eating;to try D.to eat;trying
【答案】D
【解析】考查非谓语动词。从句意看,第一空所在部分用 mean to do sth.表示“打算做某事”,第二
空用 couldn’t help doing sth.表示“忍不住做某事”,因此选 D。
【举一反三】After receiving the Oscar for Best Supporting Actress,Anne Benedict went on
________ all the people who had helped in her career.
A.to thank B.thanking
C.having thanked D.to have thanked
【答案】A
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:在获得奥斯卡最佳女配角奖之后,Anne Benedict 继续感谢所有曾经
在她的职业生涯中帮助过她的人。 go on 后接 to do 或 doing 作宾语均可,但是 go on doing sth.表示“继
续做同一件事”,而 go on to do sth.则表示“继续做另一件事”。由语境可知,Anne Benedict 在拿奖
后又继续做另一件事,即“感谢所有帮助过她的人”,故用 go on to do sth.。
【变式探究】Acceptance is not about liking a situation.It is about acknowledging all that
has been lost and________to live with that loss.
A.learning B.learned
C.to learn D.having learned
【答案】A
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:接受不是关于喜欢一种状况。它是关于承认所有已经失去的和学会
带着损失生活下去。题干中 acknowledging 和 learning 做 about 的并列宾语,故选 A。
【变式探究】There is a strict limit of 13 days in the challenging race through the Arctic,
although most competitors end up________ long before that.
A.to retire B.retired
C.having retired D.retiring
【答案】D
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:穿越北冰洋的 13 天挑战赛有严格的限制,尽管参赛者都已在很久之
前就退出了。end up 后跟 v.ing 形式,意为:以……为结束。故选 D。
高频考点四、非谓语动词作宾补
例 4.(2018·天津卷)I need a new passport so I will have to have my photograph ________.
A.taking B.taken
C.being taken D.take
【答案】B
【解析】考查非谓语动词。从句意和句子结构看,本空在句中作宾补,动词 take 与 my photograph 之
间是逻辑上的动宾关系,故应用过去分词,因此选 B。
【举一反三】Back from his twoyear medical service in Africa,Dr.Lee was very happy to see
his mother ________ good care of at home.
A.taking B.taken
C.take D.be taken
【答案】B
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:李博士在非洲进行了两年的医疗服务,回来后看到他的母亲在家里
被照顾得很好他很高兴。分析句子结构可知,此处是“see+宾语+宾语补足语”结构,宾语补足语可以是
do,doing 或者 done。 若宾语与补语之间是主动关系,且强调动作发生的全过程,用省略 to 的动词不定
式,即 do; 若宾语与补语之间是主动关系,且强调动作正在进行,用 doing; 若宾语与补语之间是被动关
系,用过去分词作宾补。此处 his mother 与 take good care of 之间是被动关系,故选 B 项。
【变式探究】Listening to music at home is one thing,going to hear it ________ live is quite
another.
A.perform B.performing
C.to perform D.being performed
【答案】D
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:在家听音乐是一回事,去现场听正在被演奏的音乐完全是另一回事。
题干中含有“hear+宾语+宾语补足语”结构,宾语 it(指代 music)与 perform 之间存在被动关系,且此
处表示去现场听正在被演奏的音乐,故应用 being performed 作宾语补足语。
【变式探究】Have you seen the boys________Little Apple?That’s such a beautiful scene that
I dare not have my eyes________on it.
A.dancing;fixing B.dance;fixing
C.dance;fixed D.to dance;fixed
【答案】C
【解析】 考查非谓语动词。句意: 你看见男孩们跳《小苹果》了吗?那是如此美的场景,我都不敢
看。see sb.do sth.看见某人做某事;have one’s eyes fixed on sth.某人的眼凝视在……上。根据句
意选 C。
高频考点五、非谓语动词作主语和表语
例 5.(2019·天津卷)________ to think critically is an important skill today’s children will
need for the future.
A.Learn B.Learned
C.Learning D.Having learned
【答案】C
【解析】考查动名词。句意:学会批判性地思考是当今儿童未来所需的一项重要技能。分析句子结构
可知,主句的谓语动词是 is,is 之前的内容是主语,故此处应用动名词短语作主语,表示一般性的陈述概
念,故选 C。
【举一反三】(2018·北京卷)________ along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding
experience.
A.Travel B.Traveling
C.Having traveled D.Traveled
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词的非谓语形式。句意:沿着古老的丝绸之路旅行是一种有趣且有益的体验。根据句
子结构可知,此处用动名词作主语。
【变式探究】For those with family members far away,the personal computer and the phone are
important in staying________.
A.connected B.connecting
C.to connect D.to be connected
【答案】A
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:对那些与家人离得比较远的人来说,个人电脑和电话在保持联系方
面很重要。本句中的关键词是 stay(保持),它是一个连系动词,后接形容词作表语。A 项 connected 是形
容词,意为“有联系的,有来往的”,符合句意。stay connected 是“stay+形容词化的过去分词”构成
的系表结构。本题中的 staying connected 和 keeping in touch 表达同一个意思。
【变式探究】We should bear in mind that ________ aloud in public is a good way to develop
our level of confidence.
A.having spoken B.to be spoken
C.speaking D.speak
【答案】C
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:我们应该记住:在公共场合大声讲话是提高我们的自信心的一个好
方法。分析句子结构可知,空处在从句中作主语,应用动名词形式。故选 C。
高频考点六 非谓语动词的时态和语态
例 6.The film star wears sunglasses.Therefore,he can go shopping without ________.
A.recognizing B.being recognized
C.having recognized D.having been recognized
【答案】B
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:那位影星戴着墨镜,因此他可以在没人认出的情况下购物了。without
为介词,后面接动名词形式;The film star与 recognize之间存在被动关系,故用动名词的被动式,即“being
done”结构。此题易误选 D 项,having been done 为现在分词的被动式,不作介词的宾语。
【举一反三】________ for two days,Steve managed to finish his report on schedule.
A.To work B.Worked
C.To be working D.Having worked
【答案】D
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:工作了两天,史蒂夫设法如期完成了他的报告。首先,work 的动作
发生在 managed to finish...之前,故用完成时;Steve 与 work 之间是主动关系,所以用现在分词形式,
故用 Having worked。
【变式探究】There are still many problems ________before we are ready for a long stay on the
Moon.
A.solving B.solved
C.being solved D.to be solved
【答案】D
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:在我们准备在月球上长住之前,还有很多问题需要解决。由 There are
可知设空处为非谓语动词作后置定语,修饰 problems,根据时间状语从句 before we are ready for a long
stay on the Moon 可知,动作 solve 发生在将来,故用不定式结构,而且 problems 与 solve 之间存在被动
关系,故用不定式的被动结构。
【变式探究】________ a good writer, you must find a quiet place where you can think, preferably
one with limited accessibility.
A.Becoming B.To become
C.Having become D.Become
【答案】B
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:要成为一名好作家,你必须找到一个你能思考的安静之处,最好是
一个限制(其他人)进入的地方。根据句意,空处应用动词不定式作目的状语。
1.(2019·江苏卷)________ the convenience of digital payment, many senior citizens started
to use smart phones.
A.To enjoy B.Enjoying
C.To have enjoyed D.Enjoy
【答案】A
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:为了享受电子支付的便利,许多老年人开始使用智能手机。分析句
子结构可知,这里表示目的,故用动词不定式作目的状语。
2.(2019·天津卷)Most colleges now offer firstyear students a course specially ________ to
help them succeed academically and personally.
A.designed B.designing
C.to design D.being designed
【答案】A
【解析】考查过去分词。句意:大多数大学现在给大一学生提供一门专门设计的来帮助他们在学术和
个人事务上成功的课程。此处 course 与 design 之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系,故用过去分词作后置定语。
故选 A。
3.(2019·天津卷)________ to think critically is an important skill today’s children will
need for the future.
A.Learn B.Learned
C.Learning D.Having learned
【答案】C
【解析】考查动名词。句意:学会批判性地思考是当今儿童未来所需的一项重要技能。分析句子结构
可知,主句的谓语动词是 is,is 之前的内容是主语,故此处应用动名词短语作主语,表示一般性的陈述概
念,故选 C。
1.(2018·江苏卷)Around 13,500 new jobs were created during the period, _______
the expected number of 12,000 held by market analysts.
A. having exceeded B. to exceed
C. exceeded D. exceeding
【答案】D
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:在这期间,大约创造 13,500 个新的工作,超过市场分析师持有的 12,000
个的预期数量。分析全句可知,这里指前一件事情所带来自然而然的结果,故用现在分词作结果状语。故
选 D。
2、(2018·天津卷) I need a new passport so I will have to have my photographs___________.
A. taking B. taken
C. being taken D. take
【答案】B
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:我需要一个新护照,所以我将不得不拍照片。本题考查非谓语动词
作宾语补足语,宾语 my photograph 与补足语之间为被动关系,故用过去分词作宾语补足语。C 项表示正在
进行。故选 B。
3、(2018·北京卷)Ordinary soap, _________ correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively.
A. used B. to use C. using D. use
【答案】A
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:如果正确使用的话,普通的肥皂可以有效地处理细菌。Ordinary soap
can deal with bacterial effectively 是主句,_________ correctly 是条件状语,修饰 ordinary soap,
ordinary soap 和 use 之间是被动关系,故要用过去分词,A 选项正确。
1.(2017·江苏卷)Many Chinese brands, ____________ their reputations over centuries, are
facing new challenges from the modern market.
A. having developed B. being developed
C. developed D. developing
【答案】A
【解析】考查非谓语动词。brands 是逻辑主语,和 develop 是主谓关系,所以用现在分词,表示伴随
状况;再根据"over centuries"可知,应该使用现在分词的完成式,故选 A。
2.(2017·江苏卷) Many Chinese brands, _______ their reputations over centuries, are facing
new challenges from the modern market.
A. having developed B. being developed C. developed D. developing
【答案】A
【解析】考查非谓语动词。brands 是逻辑主语,和 develop 是主谓关系,所以用现在分词,表示伴随
状况;再根据“over centuries”可知,应该使用现在分词的完成式,故选 A。句意:许多中国品牌,享誉
数百年,现在正面临着来自现代市场的新挑战。
3.(2017·北京)Many airlines now allow passengers to print their boarding passes online ______
their valuable time.
A. save B. saving
C. to save D. saved
【答案】C
【解析】 句意:许多航空公司现在允许乘客网上打印他们的登机牌来节省时间。此处是动词不定式表
目的,故选 C。
4.(2017·北京)The national park has a large collection of wildlife, _________ from butterflies
to elephants.
A. ranging B. range C. to range D. ranged
【答案】A
【解析】句意:国家公园有许多的野生动物,包括从蝴蝶到大象等等。此处野生动物和 range 之间是
主动关系,用现在分词,故选 A。
5.(2017·北京)Jim has retired, but he still remember the happy time _______ with his students.
A. to spend B. spend C. spending D. spent
【答案】D
【解析】句意:Jim 已经退休了,但是他依然记得和学生一起度过的快乐时光。句子已经有了谓语,空
格只能填非谓语动词,逻辑主语是 time,和 spend 之间是被动关系,故用过去分词 spent。
6.(2017•天津)The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment, _____ more patients
to be treated.
A. being allowed B. allowing C. having allowed D. allowed
【答案】B
【解析】句意:近期这个医院购进了新的医疗设备,允许更多的病人被治疗。前句购进医疗设备和后
面允许更多的病人被治疗之间是必然的结果关系,用 doing 即现在分词作结果状语,表示顺理成章的结果。
A. being allowed 表示被动且正在进行 C. having allowed 强调先于谓语动词发生 D. allowed 表
示被动且完成,故选 B。
7.(2017•天津)I was watching the clock all through the meeting, as I had a train ______.
A. catching B. caught C. to catch D. to be caught
【答案】C
【解析】句意:在整个会议期间我一直在看钟表,因为我要去敢火车。根据上文判断出 as 引导原因状
语从句,根据 have 在本句中,词义为“有”,根据固定结构 Sb have sth to do 某人又某事要做(在本
句中 to do 由主语完成),根据句意判断出本句符合本结构。故选 C。
1.(2016·新课标Ⅰ,66)...a TV show in the mid1980s,when I was the first Western TV
reporter________(permit)to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the
wild.
【答案】permitted
【解析】句意:……那时我是第一个被允许拍摄一个特殊的关于照料……的单元的西方电视台记者。
TV reporter 和 permit 之间是被动关系,用过去分词作后置定语。
2.(2016·新课标Ⅰ,67)My ambassadorial duties will include ________(introduce)British
visitors to the 120plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research centre in the misty mountains
of Bifengxia.
【答案】introducing
【解析】句意:我的大使职责将包括把英国参观者介绍给成都的 120 多只大熊猫及其他一些在碧峰峡
雾山中一个研究中心里的熊猫们。include 为及物动词,后面应用动名词形式作宾语。
3.(2016·新课标Ⅱ,49)If you find something you love doing outside of the office,you'll
be less likely ________(bring)your work home.
【答案】to bring
【解析】句意:如果你在办公室外面发现了你喜欢做的事情,你就不太可能把工作带回家去做。be likely
to do sth.“可能做某事”。
4.(2016·新课标Ⅲ,63)Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal
________(create)special designs.
【答案】to create
【解析】句意:熟练的工匠也把硬木和金属结合在一起制作特殊的图案。此处为动词不定式作目的状
语。
5.(2016·新课标Ⅲ,64)People probably cooked their food in large pots,________(use)twigs(树
枝)to remove it.
【答案】using
【解析】句意:人们或许在大锅中做饭,用树枝把它弄出来。主语 people 与 use 之间为主动关系,故
用现在分词作伴随状语。
6.(2016·四川,64)For 25 days,she never left her baby,not even to find something ________(eat)!
【答案】to eat
【解析】句意:她 25 天都没有离开过她的孩子,甚至没找吃的东西。修饰不定代词 something 应用动
词不定式作后置定语。
7.(2016·浙江,1)—Are you sure you're ready for the test?
—No problem.I'm well ________(prepare)for it.
【答案】prepared
【解析】句意:——你确定你准备好考试了吗?——没问题。我已经做好准备了。I 作主语,be 动词
后要接动词的ed 形式充当表语。
8.(2016·浙江,10)To return to the problem of water pollution,I'd like you to look at a
study ________(conduct)in Australia in 2012.
【答案】conducted
【解析】句意:为了回到水污染的问题,我想要你研究一下 2012 年澳大利亚进行的研究。这里用过去
分词表示被动和完成,充当定语修饰前面的名词 study。
9.(2016·浙江,13)A sudden stop can be a very ________(frighten)experience,especially if
you are travelling at high speed.
【答案】frightening
【解析】句意:突然停止会是一次可怕的经历,尤其是如果你正以高速运行的时候。主语是表示物的 A
sudden stop,所以 be 动词后面用动词的ing 形式作表语。
10.(2016·浙江,19)I had as much fun sailing the seas as I now do ________(work)with students.
【答案】working
【解析】句意:我在海上航行和现在做的和学生一起进行的工作一样快乐。这里用现在分词表示伴随。
11.(2016·北京,26)________(make)it easier to get in touch with us,you'd better keep this
card at hand.
【答案】To make
【解析】句意:为了与我们联系更方便一些,你最好把这张卡片随身带着。分析句子成分可知,本空
在句中作目的状语,因此用不定式。
12.(2016·北京,28)________(order)over a week ago,the books are expected to arrive any time
now.
【答案】Ordered
【解析】句意:这些书是一个星期以前订购的,现在随时都可能到货。本空动词位于句首,不是祈使
句,须用非谓语动词;order 与 books 是逻辑上的被动关系,应用过去分词作状语表示被动或已发生。
13.(2016·北京,32)Newlybuilt wooden cottages line the street,________(turn)the old town
into a dreamland.
【答案】turning
【解析】句意:新建的小木屋排列在街道边,把这个古镇变成了一个人间仙境。本空动词没有连词与
谓语连接,此时要用非谓语动词。cottages 和 turn 是主动关系,故用现在分词作结果状语表示主动含义。
14.(2016·天津,4)The cooling wind swept through our bedroom windows,________(make)air
conditioning unnecessary.
【答案】making
【解析】句意:凉爽的风通过卧室的窗户吹进来,没有必要开空调了。此处表示顺其自然的结果,The
cooling wind 与 make 是主动关系,故用现在分词短语作结果状语。
1.(2015·江苏,24)Much time (spend)sitting at a desk, office workers are generally
troubled by health problems.
【解析】句意:大部分时间坐办公桌,办公室职员通常被健康问题所困扰。time 与 spend 之间构成被
动关系,另外该题实际考查了非谓语动词的独立主格结构。
【答案】spent
2.(2015·湖南,30)When the clerk saw a kind face wrinkled in an apologetic smile, she stood
rooted to the ground, (wonder)whether to stay or leave.
【解析】句意:当店员看到一张充满善意的脸上挂着满怀歉意的微笑时,她呆呆地站在原地,不知该
走还是不走。wondering 是现在分词作伴随状语,修饰动词 stood。
【答案】wondering
3.(2015·湖南,34)Sometimes I act as a listening ear for fellow students (talk)over
what is bothering them.
【解析】句意:有时候我充当同学们的倾诉对象,让他们通过倾诉释放心头的烦心事。for sb to do sth
是不定式的复合结构,在句中作定语,修饰 a listening ear。
【答案】to talk
4.(2015·北京,21) (catch)the early flight, we ordered a taxi in advance and got up
very early.
【解析】句意:为了赶上早班飞机,我们提前预定了出租车并且很早就起了床。此处用不定式作目的
状语,表示提前预定出租车并且早起的目的。
【答案】To catch
5.(2015·北京,23)The park was full of people, (enjoy)themselves in the sunshine.
【解析】句意:公园里挤满了人,他们在阳光下过得很快乐。people 和 enjoy 之间是主谓关系,且非
谓语动词动作与谓语动词的动作几乎同时发生,故用现在分词的一般式。
【答案】enjoying
6.(2015·北京,31)If (accept)for the job, you'll be informed soon.
【解析】句意:如果录用你做这份工作,你将会很快得到通知。句子的主语 you 和动词 accept 之间为
逻辑上的动宾关系,故用过去分词。
【答案】accepted
7.(2015·浙江,18)Listening to music at home is one thing, going to hear it
(perform)live is quite another.
【解析】句意:在家听音乐是一回事,去现场听音乐演奏是另外一回事。hear...doing...听到……正
在做……,此处宾语 it 与动词 perform 之间为动宾关系,故要用现在分词的被动形式作宾语补足语。
【答案】being performed
8.(2015·重庆,6) (raise)in the poorest area of Glasgow, he had a long, hard road to
becoming a football star.
【解析】句意:因为是在 Glasgow 最贫穷的地区被抚养大,成为一名足球明星,他走过了一段很长很
艰苦的路。分析句子成分可知此处是非谓语动词作状语,he 和 raise 之间是被动关系,故用过去分词作状
语。
【答案】Raised
9.(2015·重庆,11)Like ancient sailors, birds can find their way (use)the sun and
the stars.
【解析】句意:就像古时候的水手一样,鸟能利用太阳和星星找到它们的路。根据语境,use 与其句中
隐含的逻辑主语 birds 之间为主动关系,故用 v.-ing 形式的一般式,在句中作伴随状语,表示与 find 同
时发生。
【答案】using
10.(2015·陕西,17)After receiving the Oscar for Best Supporting Actress,Anne Benedict went
on (thank)all the people who had helped in her career.
【解析】句意:在获得奥斯卡最佳女演员提名奖之后,安妮·本尼迪克特继续感谢那些所有在她的事
业中帮助她的人。考查固定搭配。go on to do 继续做另一件事;go on doing 继续做同一件事。获奖和帮
助是两件事。
【答案】to thank
11.(2015·陕西,18)Back from his two-year medical service in Africa,Dr.Lee was very happy
to see his mother (take)good care of at home.
【解析】句意:在他两年的非洲医疗服务回来后,李博士很高兴地看到他在家中被照顾得很好的母亲。
考查非谓语动词。此处考查非谓语动词做后置定语,mother 和 take good care of 之间是被动关系,故用
过去分词。
【答案】taken
12.(2015·天津,5) (absorb)in painting, John didn't notice evening approaching.
【解析】句意:沉迷于绘画中,约翰没有注意时间已到了傍晚。考查非谓语动词。此处的 Absorbed in
painting 相当于原因状语从句 Because he was absorbed in painting 的省略。
【答案】Absorbed
13.(2015·天津,8) (work)for two days, Steve managed to finish his report on schedule.
【解析】句意:工作了两天后,史蒂夫设法准时完成了报告。考查非谓语动词。动词 work 与句子主语
Steve 之间为主谓关系,故要用现在分词,同时 work 的动作发生在谓语动词 managed to finish 之前,故
要用完成时形式。
【答案】Having worked
14.(2015·安徽,27) (ignore)the difference between the two research findings will be
one of the worst mistakes you make.
【解析】句意:忽视两者研究成果的区别将是你犯的最糟糕的错误之一。 考查非谓语动词的句法功能;
该题考查动名词作主语。
【答案】Ignoring
15.(2015·福建,28) (learn)more about Chinese culture, Jack has decided to take
Chinese folk music as an elective course.
【解析】句意:为了了解更多的中国文化,杰克决定选择中国民族音乐作为选修课。考查非谓语动词
作目的状语。逗号后面没有连词,可以判断此处应填非谓语动词。
【答案】To learn
16.(2015·福建,33)In recent years an English word “infosphere” has appeared,
(combine)the sense of “information” and “atmosphere”.
【解析】句意:最近几年,一个英语单词“infosphere”出现了,感觉是把“information”和
“atmosphere”两个词结合在了一起。考查非谓语动词作状语,combine 和其逻辑主语 word 是主动关系。
【答案】combining